Submitted by LORAINE MARTINS DIAMENTE null (loramdi@terra.com.br) on 2016-04-28T20:34:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Doutorado Loraine _28_2016_ (3) (1).pdf: 2798219 bytes, checksum: 0e28cd272eca61ac1f596d83701237bb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-05-02T13:40:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 diamente_lm_dr_bot.pdf: 2798219 bytes, checksum: 0e28cd272eca61ac1f596d83701237bb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:40:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 diamente_lm_dr_bot.pdf: 2798219 bytes, checksum: 0e28cd272eca61ac1f596d83701237bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-22 / Bases científicas: O controle dos riscos associados à utilização dos equipamentos nos hospitais é de crucial importância na garantia da segurança dos pacientes e na qualidade dos serviços prestados pelos profissionais da saúde. Para este fim, é necessário conhecer todo o ciclo dos equipamentos nos hospitais, desde a sua seleção, aquisição, manutenção e uso, bem como das falhas e eventos adversos a eles associados. Monitores multiparamétricos (MM), bombas de infusão (BI) e ventiladores pulmonares mecânicos (VPM) são equipamentos de uso frequente em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva sendo, todavia, muito sujeitos a falhas técnicas, humanas e de processos, as quais podem causar sequelas e mesmo a morte dos pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar os riscos assistenciais relacionados ao uso de MM, BI e VPM na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de Adultos (UTI-A) de um hospital público da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil, procurando investigar as causas e providências relacionadas às queixas técnicas e eventos adversos a eles associados. Métodos: Foi realizado na UTI-A um estudo prospectivo, quantitativo, descritivo e observacional, durante um período de 12 meses, tendo por base a análise resultante de busca ativa e passiva dos processos envolvendo o uso dos equipamentos médicos hospitalares, incluindo: estrutura física e organizacional do ambiente, recursos humanos e recursos materiais disponíveis; programa de treinamento e educação continuada dos profissionais; etapas de higienização, desinfecção, esterilização e montagem dos equipamentos; planos de manutenção preventiva e corretiva dos aparelhos; e o gerenciamento do risco sanitário hospitalar, ligado à notificação e providências tomadas em relação às falhas técnicas, humanas e de processos, bem como os eventos adversos e incidentes a elas associados. Todos os dados coletados foram confrontados com a legislação brasileira e manuais técnicos vigentes, com a investigação da causa-raiz das falhas e dos eventos adversos ocorridos. Resultados: O estudo mostrou que o hospital apresenta falhas de infraestrutura e também, dos processos envolvidos nas diversas etapas do ciclo dos equipamentos as quais prevalecem sobre as falhas humanas. Dentre as nãoconformidades observadas estão incluídas: falhas no processo de licitação, que não tem a participação direta de profissionais médicos e de enfermagem da UTIA, para auxiliar na elaboração do edital, visando à melhor seleção e especificação dos produtos a serem adquiridos; inexistência de atuação do setor de Engenharia Hospitalar para monitorar as etapas de aquisição, recebimento, aceitação, manutenção e uso adequado dos instrumentos; inadequações da área física e das instalações dos equipamentos; deficiências na quantidade, qualificação, treinamento e capacitação dos profissionais para o manuseio correto dos aparelhos e cuidados aos pacientes; falhas no processo de higienização/desinfecção de componentes internos dos VPM; dificuldade de acesso a manuais técnicos dos aparelhos e aos procedimentos operacionais padrão pelos profissionais de saúde; inexistência de um inventário histórico e funcional dos equipamentos existentes; e a falta de programas de manutenção preventiva e corretiva com relações contratuais efetivas com os fabricantes e fornecedores. Os profissionais da UTI-A, não tem o hábito de notificar queixas técnicas e eventos adversos à Gerência de Risco Sanitário Hospitalar (GRSH), pois não foi registrada qualquer notificação espontânea advinda do setor no período analisado. Todavia, 74 notificações de queixas técnicas foram detectadas por busca ativa, sendo 64 relacionadas às BI, 6 aos MM e 4 aos VPM. No período, houve um único evento adverso relacionado a erro de medicação com BI, tendo sido atribuído à falha humana por erro na programação do sistema de infusão. Conclusões: O hospital apresenta oportunidades de melhorias para praticamente todas as etapas do ciclo dos equipamentos, uma vez que foram detectadas condições potencialmente capazes de acarretar riscos assistenciais relacionados à utilização dos MM, BI e VPM na UTI-A. As não-conformidades observadas elevam a probabilidade de ocorrência de falhas, incidentes e eventos adversos, colocando em risco a saúde e o bem-estar físico dos pacientes e dos profissionais da saúde. A falta de observação à legislação e normas técnicas e operacionais vigentes no país foi um evento sistemático, observado em todas as etapas do ciclo dos equipamentos no hospital, mas que se corretamente seguidas, poderá tornar esta UTI-A em ambiente mais seguro e com melhor qualidade na assistência à saúde dos pacientes. / Scientific background: Risk control associated to device use in hospitals has major importance to ensure patient safety and quality in service delivered by healthcare professionals. For doing so, it´s necessary to know all the device cycle in the hospitals, from its selection, acquisition, maintenance and use, as well as its failures and the adverse events related to them. Multiparameter Monitors (MM), infusion pumps (IP) and mechanical ventilators (MV) are devices of frequent use in Intensive Care Units, being however subject to technical, human and process failures, which may pose harm and even cause death of patients. Objective: To evaluate care risks related to the use of MM, IP, and MV at an Adult Intensive Care Unit (AICU) of a public hospital in Sao Paulo city, Brazil, seeking to investigate the causes and providences related to technical complaints and adverse events associated to them. Methods: It was made an observational, descriptive quantitative prospective study through 12 months, based on an analysis resulting from active and passive search of processes involving the use of medical devices in hospitals, including physical and organizational structure of work environment, available human resources and material resources; training program and continuing education of professionals; sanitization, disinfection, sterilization and assembling stages of devices; planning on preventive and corrective maintenance of the devices; and management of hospital sanitary risk regarding the report and actions towards technical, human and process failures occurred, as much as adverse events and incidents related to them. All the data collected was confronted to the current legislation and technical manuals. The root cause of failures and adverse events were investigated. Results: The study showed that Dr. Cármino Caricchio Municipal Hospital (HMCC) presents failures of infrastructure and/or the processes involved in the several stages of the device cycle which prevails on human failures. Among the non-conformities observed are included: failures in the bidding process, which doesn´t have the direct participation of AICU physicians and nurses, to provide support to elaborate Public Notice, focusing the best selection and specification of products to be acquired; lack of acting from the hospital engineering sector in order to monitor the stages of acquisition, receiving, acceptance, maintenance and appropriate use of devices; inadequacy of physical area and equipment installation; deficiencies in quantity, qualification, training, and capacitation of professionals for the correct handling of devices and patient care; failure in the process of sanitization/disinfection of MV internal accessories; the absence or difficulty to access the technical manuals of the equipments and the standard operating procedures by healthcare professionals; the absence of a historical and functional inventory of the current devices; and lack of preventive and corrective maintenance programs establishing effective contractual relations with manufacturers and suppliers. AICU professionals from HMCC also lack the practice of reporting technical complaints and adverse events to Gerência de Risco Sanitário Hospitalar (GRSH – Hospital Health Hazard Management), which hadn´t registered any spontaneous report from the sector throughout the period in analysis. Nevertheless, 75 reports on technical complaints were detected through active search, which 65 were related to IP, 6 to MM and 4 to MV. One single adverse event related to medication error with IP was observed in the period, which was rather attributed to human failure as for system programming error. Conclusions: HMCC presents failures and deficiencies in virtually all stages of hospital equipment cycle, that bring together conditions potentially capable to increase care risks regarding the use of MM, IP and MV at the AICU. This fact raises the probability of failure occurrence, incidents and adverse events, placing risk to patients´ as well as healthcare professionals´ health and physical wellness. Lack of compliance to legislation and technical and operational norms in the country was a systematic event observed in all the stages of hospital equipment cycle, but if they were strictly followed, it might turn the AICU of HMCC a safer place with better quality of healthcare for patients.

Les avancées théoriques permettent de discerner l’innovation dans les services tout en prenant en compte les spécificités de ces activités, ainsi que les concepts de la théorie néoschumpetérienne. Cette intégration doit faire face à des obstacles lorsque le concept de système de l’innovation est appliqué aux services. Dans ce cas, la principale difficulté a été de développer cette analyse autour d’un produit non-tangible, où il existe une variabilité intrinsèque de conceptions justifiables du produit du service. Notre thèse s’est construite autour de deux piliers. Nous avons d’abord démontré que l’association des approches intégratrices de l’innovation dans les services avec la notion de réseau technico-économique constitue une perspective d’analyse de la dynamique de l’innovation dans les services et, qu’en même temps, elle permet de prendre en compte la diversité des acteurs, des sources, des formes et des objectifs de l’innovation, sans pour autant mettre de côté la pluralité des activités de services ou restreindre leurs possibilités d’évolution. Ensuite, nous avons considéré, par rapport à notre objet de recherche, les services hospitaliers, que les innovations correspondent à l’évolution des conventions qui définissent le produit attendu pour ce service. A partir de l’étude de cas d’innovations dans les hôpitaux, au Brésil et en France, nous avons pu vérifier des logiques différentes d’innovation qui, dans le cadre d’une analyse en termes de réseau technico-économique, proviennent de l’action d’acteurs hétérogènes qui interagissent au sein des différents systèmes hospitaliers, permettant une analyse de la dynamique de ces processus d’innovation. / Os avanços na compreensão da inovação em serviços têm resultado numa abordagem integradora que permite vislumbrar a inovação em serviços tendo em conta as especificidades dessas atividades e os conceitos da teoria neo-schumpeteriana. Essa integração encontra obstáculos quando o conceito de sistema de inovação é aplicado aos serviços. A principal dificuldade tem sido desenvolver esse enfoque em torno de um produto não tangível, resultante da definição convencional dos atores envolvidos na relação de serviço, em que a variabilidade de concepções justificáveis do produto do serviço é intrínseca. Com base na investigação de um determinado ramo de serviços, os serviços hospitalares, nossa tese se alicerça em dois pontos. Primeiro, propomos que a associação da abordagem integradora da inovação em serviços à noção de rede tecno-econômica constitui uma perspectiva de análise da dinâmica da inovação em serviços que, ao mesmo tempo, contempla a diversidade de atores, fontes, formas e objetivos da inovação, sem deixar de lado a pluralidade das atividades de serviços ou restringir suas possibilidades de evolução. Segundo, em relação ao nosso objeto de pesquisa, podemos propor que as inovações nos serviços hospitalares correspondem à evolução das convenções que definem o produto esperado desse serviço. A partir do estudo de casos de inovações em hospitais, no Brasil e na França, verificamos lógicas de inovação distintas que, numa análise em termos de rede tecno-econômica, resultam das lógicas de ação dos atores heterogêneos que interagem nos respectivos sistemas hospitalares, permitindo uma análise da dinâmica desses processos de inovação nos termos propostos. / The achievements in the understanding of innovation in services has resulted into a integrating approach where this type of innovation is seen within its specificities and the concepts of neoschumpeterian theory. Such integrating approach is hampered when the concept of innovation system is applied to services. The main difficulty in this case has been to develop this approach around an intangible product, deriving from the conventional definition of the actos involved in a service relation, with intrinsic product concept variability. Based on a particular industry, hospital services industry, this dissertation is grounded in two points. First, I suggest the association between the integrating approach and technoeconomic networks offers a perspective to analyze service innovation dynamics by including a wide array of actors, sources, forms and objectives of innovation without overlooking the plurality of the service activities or constraining their possibilities of evolution. Second, in relation of my research goal, I can suggest innovation in hospital services correspond to the evolution of the conventions which define the expected product of this service. Departing from the case studies in Brazil and in France, I verify different innovation rationales, by analyzing the technoeconomic networks, resulting from different logics of action in heterogeneous actors which interact in their particular hospital systems. This allows the dynamics of such innovation processes as formerly suggested.

No description available.

Les avancées théoriques permettent de discerner l’innovation dans les services tout en prenant en compte les spécificités de ces activités, ainsi que les concepts de la théorie néoschumpetérienne. Cette intégration doit faire face à des obstacles lorsque le concept de système de l’innovation est appliqué aux services. Dans ce cas, la principale difficulté a été de développer cette analyse autour d’un produit non-tangible, où il existe une variabilité intrinsèque de conceptions justifiables du produit du service. Notre thèse s’est construite autour de deux piliers. Nous avons d’abord démontré que l’association des approches intégratrices de l’innovation dans les services avec la notion de réseau technico-économique constitue une perspective d’analyse de la dynamique de l’innovation dans les services et, qu’en même temps, elle permet de prendre en compte la diversité des acteurs, des sources, des formes et des objectifs de l’innovation, sans pour autant mettre de côté la pluralité des activités de services ou restreindre leurs possibilités d’évolution. Ensuite, nous avons considéré, par rapport à notre objet de recherche, les services hospitaliers, que les innovations correspondent à l’évolution des conventions qui définissent le produit attendu pour ce service. A partir de l’étude de cas d’innovations dans les hôpitaux, au Brésil et en France, nous avons pu vérifier des logiques différentes d’innovation qui, dans le cadre d’une analyse en termes de réseau technico-économique, proviennent de l’action d’acteurs hétérogènes qui interagissent au sein des différents systèmes hospitaliers, permettant une analyse de la dynamique de ces processus d’innovation. / Os avanços na compreensão da inovação em serviços têm resultado numa abordagem integradora que permite vislumbrar a inovação em serviços tendo em conta as especificidades dessas atividades e os conceitos da teoria neo-schumpeteriana. Essa integração encontra obstáculos quando o conceito de sistema de inovação é aplicado aos serviços. A principal dificuldade tem sido desenvolver esse enfoque em torno de um produto não tangível, resultante da definição convencional dos atores envolvidos na relação de serviço, em que a variabilidade de concepções justificáveis do produto do serviço é intrínseca. Com base na investigação de um determinado ramo de serviços, os serviços hospitalares, nossa tese se alicerça em dois pontos. Primeiro, propomos que a associação da abordagem integradora da inovação em serviços à noção de rede tecno-econômica constitui uma perspectiva de análise da dinâmica da inovação em serviços que, ao mesmo tempo, contempla a diversidade de atores, fontes, formas e objetivos da inovação, sem deixar de lado a pluralidade das atividades de serviços ou restringir suas possibilidades de evolução. Segundo, em relação ao nosso objeto de pesquisa, podemos propor que as inovações nos serviços hospitalares correspondem à evolução das convenções que definem o produto esperado desse serviço. A partir do estudo de casos de inovações em hospitais, no Brasil e na França, verificamos lógicas de inovação distintas que, numa análise em termos de rede tecno-econômica, resultam das lógicas de ação dos atores heterogêneos que interagem nos respectivos sistemas hospitalares, permitindo uma análise da dinâmica desses processos de inovação nos termos propostos. / The achievements in the understanding of innovation in services has resulted into a integrating approach where this type of innovation is seen within its specificities and the concepts of neoschumpeterian theory. Such integrating approach is hampered when the concept of innovation system is applied to services. The main difficulty in this case has been to develop this approach around an intangible product, deriving from the conventional definition of the actos involved in a service relation, with intrinsic product concept variability. Based on a particular industry, hospital services industry, this dissertation is grounded in two points. First, I suggest the association between the integrating approach and technoeconomic networks offers a perspective to analyze service innovation dynamics by including a wide array of actors, sources, forms and objectives of innovation without overlooking the plurality of the service activities or constraining their possibilities of evolution. Second, in relation of my research goal, I can suggest innovation in hospital services correspond to the evolution of the conventions which define the expected product of this service. Departing from the case studies in Brazil and in France, I verify different innovation rationales, by analyzing the technoeconomic networks, resulting from different logics of action in heterogeneous actors which interact in their particular hospital systems. This allows the dynamics of such innovation processes as formerly suggested.

Abstract Electrocoagulation (EC) is an emerging technology that combines the functions and advantages of conventional coagulation, flotation, and electrochemistry in water and wastewater treatment. The aims of this work included doing an updated literary review of recent feasible applications of EC, which were found to be plentiful. Since the economic and practical operational key figures related to EC haven’t been extensively mapped out before, this was a prime objective of this part of the work. The aim of the next part of this work was to find new feasible applications for EC in the treatment of water and wastewater. The studied wastewaters included bio- and synthetic oil-in-water emulsions, various industrial nutrient-containing wastewaters, and peat bog drainage water containing humic substances (an interesting and topical problem, especially in Finland). These studies proved the feasibility of EC. In addition, larger-scale experiments were also conducted successfully, thus proving the scalability of the EC process. Extensive economic analyses of the studied EC applications were also done. The operational costs and energy consumption of EC were found to be very low—typically about 0.1–1.0 €/m3 and 0.4–4.0 kWh/m3. It has been forecasted that in the future there will be a shortage of virgin phosphorus. Therefore, another essential purpose of this work was to conduct a preliminary study on the feasibility of using EC for nutrient (especially phosphorus, but also nitrogen) removal and recovery from different types of real wastewater. Specifically, it may be possible to use EC sludges containing notable amounts of phosphorus and nitrogen as additives in granulated bio ash-based fertilizer products for various applications. This is a novel idea and a “hot topic” in the waste utilization sector and in circular and bioeconomy. / Tiivistelmä Elektrokoagulaatio (electrocoagulation, EC) on nosteessa oleva teknologia, joka yhdistää perinteisen koagulaation, flotaation ja sähkökemian hyödyt ja mahdollisuudet vesien ja jätevesien käsittelyssä. Tämän työn ensimmäisenä tavoitteena oli laatia kirjallisuuskatsaus EC:n viimeaikaisista käyttökelpoisista sovelluksista, joita löytyi runsaasti. Koska EC:n toiminnallisia ja taloudellisia avainlukuja ei ole kartoitettu kattavasti aiemmin, tämän tekeminen oli tämän osion tärkein tavoite. Väitöstyön seuraavana tavoitteena oli löytää uusia sovellutuksia EC:lle vesien ja jätevesien käsittelyssä. Tutkittuja vesiä olivat bio- ja synteettisistä öljyistä valmistetut öljy-vesiemulsiot, erilaiset teolliset ravinnepitoiset jätevedet ja humusainepitoiset turvesoiden valumavedet (kiinnostava ja ajankohtainen ongelma, erityisesti Suomessa). EC todettiin käyttökelpoiseksi teknologiaksi näissä kokeissa. Suuremman skaalan kokeilla todistettiin lisäksi EC-prosessin skaalautuvuus. Lisäksi, em. EC-sovellutuksista suoritettiin kattavat taloudelliset analyysit. EC:n käyttökustannukset ja energiankulutus todettiin erittäin pieniksi, tyypillisesti ne olivat välillä 0.1–1.0 €/m3 ja 0.4–4.0 kWh/m3. On ennustettu, että tulevaisuudessa on pulaa neitseellisestä fosforista. Tästä johtuen eräs tämän työn keskeisistä tarkoituksista oli suorittaa alustavia kokeita liittyen EC:n käyttökelpoisuuteen ravinteiden (erityisesti fosfori, mutta myös typpi) poistossa ja talteenotossa aidoista jätevesistä. Erityisesti jatkossa voisi olla järkevää hyödyntää runsaasti fosforia ja typpeä sisältäviä EC-sakkoja lisäaineina rakeistetuissa biotuhkapohjaisissa lannoitteissa eri sovellutuksissa. Tämä idea on uusi ja on jo herättänyt suurta kiinnostusta mm. kierto- ja biotaloussektoreilla.

Le début des années 2000 marque l’émergence des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) et du web 2.0 dans le réseau collégial québécois. Dans la foulée de ce progrès technologique, la présence des TIC a modifié la manière d’apprendre le savoir disciplinaire de l’étudiant, tout en permettant au professeur de repenser sa pédagogie dans le but de la rendre plus interactive. Au départ, la miniaturisation des appareils a été une source d’émulation pour les innovateurs, mais aussi de crainte pour les tenants d’un enseignement traditionnel. Encore aujourd’hui, cette dualité repose sur des convictions professionnelles divergentes à l’égard de ce que devrait être l’enseignement de la philosophie. Cette thèse a pour objectif de démontrer qu’en développant leur sentiment de compétence respectif, le professeur et l’étudiant du profil Tremplin DEC doivent faire un usage éthiquement responsable des technologies de l’information et de la communication pour améliorer l’enseignement de la philosophie au collégial et renouveler du même coup l’apprentissage disciplinaire. À terme, la valorisation de la techno pédagogie permettrait de responsabiliser davantage l’étudiant à l’égard de ses apprentissages et le rendrait plus autonome. En plus d’améliorer les taux de réussite, comme en témoigne notre cueillette de données, la techno pédagogie permettrait au professeur de développer une pédagogie de l’accompagnement mieux ciblée à l’égard des besoins particuliers de l’étudiant du profil Tremplin DEC. Pour parvenir à cette fin, notre thèse est divisée en quatre parties et elle se base sur une approche interdisciplinaire. La première partie porte sur la sociologie de la communication. Nous expliquerons la manière dont les TIC modifient la nature du lien social et la dynamique des interactions entre les usagers. Pour les uns la technologie permettrait une communication plus efficace, mais pour les autres elle encouragerait le durcissement des rapports humains de sorte que prioriser l’efficacité de la communication menacerait la qualité et la pérennité des relations interpersonnelles. Quant à elle, la seconde partie porte sur l’éducation et l’importance pour l’étudiant et le professeur de développer une pratique réflexive conjointe à l’égard de l’apprentissage et de la transmission du savoir disciplinaire. En dépit des difficultés auxquelles l’étudiant du profil Tremplin DEC et le techno pédagogue sont confrontés, ces derniers doivent acquérir une série de compétences communes sans lesquelles l’usage des TIC en classe risquerait d’être futile. Du coup, la nature de la relation pédagogique doit être réévaluée pour maximiser l’innovation techno pédagogique. La troisième partie porte sur l’éthique et l’usage responsable des technologies en situation d’apprentissage. En effet, l’utilisation des TIC par le professeur et l’étudiant doit être une responsabilité partagée et reposer sur des valeurs communes de solidarité et de complémentarité. Ce sont ces deux valeurs qui permettraient d’adapter l’encadrement pédagogique du professeur afin de pouvoir répondre aux besoins spécifiques de l’étudiant. De plus, l’implantation d’une communauté d’apprentissage professionnelle optimiserait l’engagement du professeur et la participation de l’étudiant dans sa réussite académique. Finalement, nous proposerons une série de recommandations visant à améliorer l’enseignement de la philosophie. Celles-ci ont pour but d’inculquer une culture du changement qui, selon nous, serait à la fois profitable pour l’ensemble du réseau collégial et constructive pour le développement de stratégies numériques en philosophie. / Abstract : The turn of the century brought with it an emergence of information and communications technologies (ICT) and web 2.0 to the Quebec junior college network. In the wake of this technological progress, the presence of ICT changed (transformed) the way students learned about discipline-related content while allowing the teachers to redefine their pedagogical methods that would make courses more interactive. At the outset, the miniaturisation of these tools was a source of emulation for the developers as well as a cause of concern for the tenants of traditional teaching methods. Even today, this duality has led to diverging professional convictions with regards to how we should teach philosophy. The goal of this thesis is to show that in developing a feeling of mutual competency, students and teachers of the Springboard to a DCS pathway must engage in an ethically responsible usage of information and communications technologies. This will improve teaching methods of philosophy, which will lead to renewed discipline-related learning. Over time, the validation of electronic pedagogy (e-pedagogy) will allow students to cultivate a sense of responsibility with regards to their learning and make them more autonomous. In addition to increasing the passing rate, as shown by our data, e-pedagogy permits the teacher to develop a more targeted approach to accompany the particular needs of students in the Springboard to a DCS pathway. Our thesis is broken into four parts and is based on an interdisciplinary approach. The first part deals with the sociology of communication. We will explain how ICT have changed the nature of socialization and the dynamics of user interactions. For some, technological tools allow for a more efficient communication, whereas others feel that these tools encourage a breakdown of human relationships because in prioritizing communication efficiency, we risk harming the quality and longevity of interpersonal relationships. The second part focuses on education and the importance for students and teachers to develop a shared reflective practice with regards to learning and transmitting discipline-related content. Despite the difficulties faced by students in the Springboard to DSC pathway and their instructor, all of the actors must acquire a series of common competencies, without which the use of ICT would be futile. That means that the nature of the pedagogical relationship must be re-evaluated to allow to increased e-pedagogy innovation. The third part deals with ethically responsible usage of ICT in learning situations. Indeed, in using ICT, instructors and students must assure a shared responsibility and consider common values of solidarity and complementarity. These two values are necessary for teachers to be able to adapt academic supervision in order to answer specific student needs. Furthermore, a professional learning community would optimize teacher commitment thereby increasing a student’s efforts in his or her academic success. Finally, we will propose a series of recommendations to improve the teaching of philosophy. The purpose is to bring about a culture of change which, in our opinion, would be beneficial for the entire college network and constructive for the development of e-pedagogical strategies in philosophy.

Ce travail vise à identifier l’impact potentiel des impulsions périodiques de courant sur laperformance et la durée de vie des accumulateurs graphite/LiFePO4. Il apparait que,contrairement aux résultats connus pour les accumulateurs Plomb-acide et à ceux annoncéspar certains auteurs de la littérature pour les accumulateurs Li-ion, l’application d’impulsionspériodiques de courant ne présente pas d’intérêt dans une logique d’amélioration de laperformance et/ou de la durée de vie des accumulateurs Li-ion. De surcroit, certains typesd’impulsions ont été identifiés pour entrainer des effets préjudiciables à ces derniers. En seréférant à une application de véhicule industriel hybride électrique, nous avons évalué sur descritères techniques et économiques l’intérêt d’implémenter un système de stockage d’énergiecombiné, c'est-à-dire mutualisant l’usage d’une batterie Li-ion et desupercondensateurs/condensateurs. Il apparait que les stratégies consistant à agir sur lescomposantes hautes fréquences du signal pour ajouter/retirer des impulsions du profil vu parla batterie ne permettent pas d’accéder à des allongements de durée de vie qui pourraientcompenser le surcoût actuel lié à l’implémentation de ces systèmes. En outre, il apparait quele meilleur levier d’optimisation du bilan technique et économique associé au système destockage d’énergie est son dimensionnement. En effet, même si les systèmes de stockaged’énergie combinés utilisant les supercondensateurs permettent d’atteindre des réductions duratio coût/durée de vie considérables, la prise en compte globale des critères de coût, de duréede vie, de masse et d’encombrement s’avère plus favorable à la solution constituée d’unebatterie seule, de taille optimisée vis-à-vis de son application. / This work aims to identify the possible impact of periodic current pulses on both performanceand lifetime of graphite/LiFePO4 secondary batteries. Contrary to the well-known results onlead-acid batteries and to results announced in previously published works, periodic pulses donot bring any benefit to the performance and the lifetime of Li-ion batteries. Moreover,certain pulse types have been identified to be detrimental to Li-ion batteries. Using the hybridelectric vehicle application as a reference, we evaluated both the technical and economicalaspects of implementing combined energy storage systems composed with Li-ion batteriesand supercapacitors/capacitors. We found that the control strategies acting on high frequencyharmonics of the current signal to adding/retrieving pulses to the Li-ion battery profile doesnot prolong its life enough to compensate the extra cost of such system implementation.Furthermore, it seems that the best way to optimize the technico-economic balance of theenergy storage system is the sizing. Even if combined energy storage systems using Li-ionbatteries and supercapacitors enable to considerably increase the lifetime/cost ratio, a generalconsideration of the criteria cost, life, mass and volume is more favorable to a solution whereone single Li-ion battery is optimally sized for its application.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala Recursos experiencias/emociones y demandas tecnológicas de información y comunicación (RED-TIC) en una muestra de 204 docentes de educación superior de Lima con una edad promedio de 45.75(DE=10.45). Se utilizó la escala de RED-TIC y la Prueba de Estrés Laboral de la OIT/OMS. Se realizo una validez de contenido con 10 jueces y se realizó un AFE con el método de ejes principales y una rotación promax dando como resultado que la estructura de cuatro factores de la RED-TIC cuenta con cargas factoriales entre .319 y .902 y una alta consistencia interna con valores mayores a .70 según el coeficiente omega. Por otro lado, los factores del RED-TIC mostraron correlaciones con los factores Superiores y Recursos y Organización y Equipo de Trabajo. Se concluye que el RED-TIC es un instrumento con suficiente evidencia de validez y confiabilidad para medir el tecnoestrés en docentes de educación superior en Lima. / The present investigation has as an objective to determine the psychometric properties of the Resource’s experiences/emotions and demands of information and communication technologies (RED-ICT) scale in a sample of 204 college teachers of higher education in Lima with an average age of 45.75 (DE=10.45). To this end, the RED-ICT and The Labor Stress scale by the WHO/ILO was administered to the participants. A content validity with 10 judges and a EFA with a principal axis method and a promax rotation gave as a result that the structure of the four factors present in the RED-ICT had factorial charges between 3.19 and 9.02 and a high internal consistency with Omega values higher than .70. On the other hand, the investigation showed correlations with the factor “Superior” and “Resources and Organizing in Group Work”. It is concluded that the RED-ICT is an instrument with the sufficient evidence for validity and reliability to measure the technostress of college teachers in higher education in Lima. / Tesis

This master thesis deals with the current situation of waste management of material usable municipal waste with focus on various fractions of plastics. The theoretical part summarises the legislation of waste treatment, also contains an analysis of the current situation of waste management in the Czech Republic and comparison the situation in the European Union. In the next part of thesis are described basic fractions of plastics and their properties. There are mentioned the current problems with plastics processing and the risks of leakage to the environment. Furthermore, a complex chain of plastic waste reprocessing is described, since the inception of plastics waste to the manufacture of products made from recycled plastics. The most attention is paid to the discription of recycling plant, where the output material from sorting lines is reprocessed into a secondary material in the form of flakes or granules. Also this part is focused on the technology of recycling line and the individual devices are described. In the practical part of the thesis is created techno-economic model of recycling line with the aim of its use for balance calculations of recycling and also economic evaluation. As a part of the model was made a market research of secondary raw materials with a focus on price development. Subsequetly, sensitivity analyzes of selected parameters are applied to the model and the impact of scenarios on the economic results are evaluated.

Sweden has experienced a significant increase in installed solar power capacity between 2010 and 2020, driven by decreasing installation costs, government subsidies and widespread public interest. However, Sweden's geographical distribution of electricity generation and consumption presents challenges for the national grid. Recent instability in the electricity supply due to the war in Ukraine has prompted increased interest in residential battery energy storage systems (BESS) as a means to enhance energy resilience and reduce electricity bills. The rapid growth of the European residential BESS market is expected to continue, driven by the need for flexibility and energy-shifting services in response to increasing renewable energy production. BESS can provide economic benefits to households with installed PV systems through peak shaving, allowing them to store excess electricity during periods of high production and use it during peak demand. This thesis investigates photovoltaic (PV) and BESS performance and profitability for Swedish households under various conditions. The study considers parameters such as system costs, energy prices, grid tariffs and dynamic battery management strategies to investigate the profitability of the systems. The research aims to provide guidelines for households to maximize the benefits of their PV and BESS installations and minimize their dependence on the grid. The effectiveness and practicality of the developed method are demonstrated through verification in two real-world installations. The study’s findings demonstrate that electricity prices, household consumption and roof orientation highly influence the profitability of PV systems. If future electricity prices align with present forecasts, installations on north-facing roofs will not be profitable under any circumstances investigated in this study. A distinct correlation is also discernible between larger loads and improved economic viability for PV and BESS installations, while a smaller battery capacity results in higher economic viability. This reveals that BESS profitability currently is limited due to high installation costs. However, the potential for future BESS profitability is shown if battery costs are reduced and more advanced battery dispatch strategies are developed. / Sverige har upplevt en betydande ökning av installerad solkraftskapacitet mellan åren 2010 och 2020, drivet av faktorer som minskande installationskostnader, statliga bidrag och ett brett folkligt intresse. Geografiska skillnader mellan elproduktion och konsumtion i Sverige innebär utmaningar för elnätet. Instabilitet i elförsörjningen till följd av kriget i Ukraina har ökat intresset för batterilagringssystem i bostäder som ett medel för hushåll att öka deras energiresiliens och minska elkostnaderna. Den snabba tillväxten på den europeiska marknaden för batterilagringssystem förväntas fortsätta, drivet av behovet av flexibilitet i elnätet och energiomställningstjänster till följd av ökad produktion av förnybar energi. Batterilagringssystem kan ge ekonomiska fördelar för hushåll med installerade PV-system genom utjämning av effekttoppar, vilket gör att överskottsenergi kan lagras under perioder av hög produktion och användas under toppbelastning. Denna rapport undersöker prestanda och lönsamhet för solcells- och batterisystem för svenska hushåll under olika förhållanden. Studien utforskar betydande parametrar såsom systemkostnader, energipriser, nättariffer och dynamiska batterihanteringsstrategier för att undersöka lönsamheten för systemen. Detta ämnar till att ge riktlinjer för hushåll att maximera fördelarna med solcells- och batteri-installationer och minimera dess beroende av elnätet. Effektiviteten och praktikaliteten av den utvecklade metoden demonstreras genom verifiering i två verkliga installationer. Resultaten visar atta elpriser, hushållsförbrukning och takorientering i hög grad påverkar lönsamheten hos solcellsanläggningar. Om framtida elpriser stämmer överens med nuvarande prognoser kommer installationer på tak mot norr inte att vara lönsamma under några omständigheter som undersökts i denna studie. En tydlig korrelation kan också urskiljas mellan större elkonsumtion och förbättrad ekonomisk lönsamhet för PV och batteri-installationer, medan en mindre batterikapacitet resulterar i högre ekonomisk lönsamhet. Detta visar att batteriers lönsamhet för närvarande är begränsad på grund av höga installationskostnader. Potentialen för framtida lönsamhet för batterier visas dock om batterikostnaderna sänks och mer avancerade batterihanteringsstrategier utvecklas.