Orientador: Margarida Maria de Carvalho / Resumo: Este estudo tem por finalidade analisar as cortes de justiça senatorial e imperial, através das obras Cartas e Panegírico a Trajano escritas por Plínio, o Jovem, e Diálogo dos Oradores, Agrícola, Histórias e Anais I-VI de Tácito. A organização judiciária da cidade de Roma, durante o Principado, contava com diferentes cortes de justiça. Apesar de perpassar a jurisdição de diferentes cortes de justiça, a presente tese irá se centrar na interpretação das acusações de maiestas e repetundae, relatadas por esses dois senadores romanos, que foram instauradas perante as cortes senatorial e imperial. Ambas as cortes se configuraram como ambientes privilegiados para a análise das negociações entre o Senado e o princeps e, por esta razão, serão objetos do nosso estudo. Veremos como a escolha de uma corte de justiça e os procedimentos empregados no julgamento dos processos eram permeados por negociações entre o Senado e os imperadores atuantes. Como discorremos, Tácito e Plínio centraram suas narrativas no (des)equilíbrio da distribuição das funções e dos poderes jurídicos e político-administrativos entre o Senado e o princeps. Assim, investigaremos a hipótese da existência de um entrelaçamento entre as práticas político-administrativas e as práticas jurídicas durante o Principado. Nesse sentido, partiremos do estudo das acusações de repetundae e maiestas identificadas em nossa documentação. O crimen repetundarum e o crimen maiestatis, de modo geral, criminalizavam, respectivamente, o su... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study’s goal is to analyze the senatorial and imperial law courts through Pliny the Younger’s works Letters and Panegyric to Trajan, as well as Tacitus' works Dialogue on Oratory, Agricola, Histories and Annals I-VI. The judiciary structure of the city of Rome, during the Principate, featured different law courts. Although it encompasses the jurisdiction of different law courts, this thesis will focus on the interpretation of the accusations of maiestas and repetundae reported by these two Roman senators that were installed in the senatorial and imperial law courts. Both courts of justice became privileged environments for the analysis of the negotiations between the Senate and the princeps, and, for this reason, they are the objects of our study. We will see how the choice for a law court and the procedures employed in the trials of the processes were permeated by negotiations between the Senate and the regent emperors. As discussed, Tacitus and Pliny centered their narratives around the (im)balance of function distribution and legal and political-administrative powers between the Senate and the princeps. Thus, we will investigate the hypothesis of an interweaving between the political-administrative practices and the legal practices during the Principate. In this way, we will proceed to the study of the accusations of repetundae and maiestas identified in our sources. The crimen repetundarum and the crimen maiestatis, in a broad manner, criminalized, respectively, brib... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Résumé: Cette étude vise à analyser les cours sénatoriales et impériales, à travers les oeuvres Correspondance et Panégyrique de Trajan, écrites par Pline le Jeune et le Dialogue des orateurs, la Vie d’Agricola, les Histoires et les Annales I-VI de Tacite. L’organisation judiciaire de la ville de Rome, pendant le Principat, avait différentes cours de justice. Malgré aborder la juridiction des différentes cours de justice, cette thèse se concentra sur l’interpretation des accusations de maiestas et de repentundae, rapportées par ces deux sénateurs romains, qui ont été instaurées devant les cours sénatorial et impérial. Les deux cours ont été configurées comme des environnements privilégies pour l’analyse des négociations entre le Sénat et le princeps et, pour cette raison, feront l’objet de notre étude. Nous verrons comment le choix d’une cour de justice et les procédures suivies lors du procès ont été imprégnés de négociations entre le Sénat et les empereurs actifs. Comme nous avons discouru, Tacite et Pline ont centré leur récit sur le (dés)équilibre de la répartition des fonctions et des pouvoirs juridiques et politico-administratifs entre le Sénat et le princeps. Ainsi, nous étudierons l’hypothèse de l’existence d’une imbrication entre pratiques politico-administratifs et pratiques juridiques pendant le Principat. En ce sens, nous commencerons par l’étude des accusations de repetundae et maiestas identifiées dans notre documentation. Le crimen repetundarum et le crimen maiestatis,... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous) / Doutor

<p>Syftet med studien är att belysa hur människor med funktionsnedsättning upplever att vara i behov av stöd och hjälp för att klara vardagliga göromål. Därtill syftar studien till att undersöka hur denna målgrupp upplever att de kan påverka utformningen av hemtjänstinsatserna och i så fall på vilket sätt?</p><p>För att besvara syftet och fånga människans egen upplevelse användes kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer. Studiens resultat bygger på fem intervjuer med människor i varierande ålder och med olika funktionsnedsättningar. Gemensamt för intervjupersonerna är att de alla har hjälp från hemtjänsten.     </p><p>I analysfasen framkom fyra huvudkategorier: ”upplevelser av påverkansmöjligheter”, ”självständighet och beroende”, ”anpassning” samt ”strategier”. Utifrån dessa kategorier diskuteras resultatet i förhållande till tidigare forskning gällande människor i behov av stöd och hjälp. Därtill har teorier använts för att försöka förklara det resultat som framkommit vid genomförandet av studien. Bland annat så förs resonemang omkring hur individualismen i vårt moderna samhälle påverkar en människa med funktionsnedsättning som är i behov av stöd och hjälp.   </p><p>Resultatet från studien visar att det finns vissa faktorer som har större betydelse än andra för hur den enskilde upplever att vara i behov av stöd och hjälp från hemtjänsten. Det kan till exempel handla om huruvida funktionsnedsättningen är medfödd eller förvärvad. I studien framkom att den tydligaste strävan efter självständighet kan ses hos dem som upplever beroendet till hemtjänsten som mest påfrestande.</p> / <p>The aim of this study was to explore how people with disabilities experience to be in need of support and help to cope with everyday tasks. The aim was also to study if they feel that they can influence the design of the home help and, if so, how?</p><p>To answer the purpose and in order to capture the man's own experience qualitative methodology was used, and interviews were carried out. The result of the study is based on five interviews with people of different ages and with various disabilities. Common to all interviewees was that they all have help from home care.</p><p>The analysis revealed four main categories: “perceptions of influence”, “independence and dependence", "adaptation" and “strategies". From these categories the results are discussed in relation to previous research about people in need of support and help. In addition, the theories used to explain the results of the study which obtained during implementation. Among other things, so the argument about the individualism in our modern society, affecting people with disabilities in need of support and assistance.</p><p>Results of the study show that there are certain factors that are more important than others for the experience of having public home care. It is a matter of whether the functional limitation is congenital or acquired. It appears that the obvious desire for independence can bee seen by those who experience addiction to home care as most stressful.</p>

Syftet med studien är att belysa hur människor med funktionsnedsättning upplever att vara i behov av stöd och hjälp för att klara vardagliga göromål. Därtill syftar studien till att undersöka hur denna målgrupp upplever att de kan påverka utformningen av hemtjänstinsatserna och i så fall på vilket sätt? För att besvara syftet och fånga människans egen upplevelse användes kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer. Studiens resultat bygger på fem intervjuer med människor i varierande ålder och med olika funktionsnedsättningar. Gemensamt för intervjupersonerna är att de alla har hjälp från hemtjänsten.      I analysfasen framkom fyra huvudkategorier: ”upplevelser av påverkansmöjligheter”, ”självständighet och beroende”, ”anpassning” samt ”strategier”. Utifrån dessa kategorier diskuteras resultatet i förhållande till tidigare forskning gällande människor i behov av stöd och hjälp. Därtill har teorier använts för att försöka förklara det resultat som framkommit vid genomförandet av studien. Bland annat så förs resonemang omkring hur individualismen i vårt moderna samhälle påverkar en människa med funktionsnedsättning som är i behov av stöd och hjälp.    Resultatet från studien visar att det finns vissa faktorer som har större betydelse än andra för hur den enskilde upplever att vara i behov av stöd och hjälp från hemtjänsten. Det kan till exempel handla om huruvida funktionsnedsättningen är medfödd eller förvärvad. I studien framkom att den tydligaste strävan efter självständighet kan ses hos dem som upplever beroendet till hemtjänsten som mest påfrestande. / The aim of this study was to explore how people with disabilities experience to be in need of support and help to cope with everyday tasks. The aim was also to study if they feel that they can influence the design of the home help and, if so, how? To answer the purpose and in order to capture the man's own experience qualitative methodology was used, and interviews were carried out. The result of the study is based on five interviews with people of different ages and with various disabilities. Common to all interviewees was that they all have help from home care. The analysis revealed four main categories: “perceptions of influence”, “independence and dependence", "adaptation" and “strategies". From these categories the results are discussed in relation to previous research about people in need of support and help. In addition, the theories used to explain the results of the study which obtained during implementation. Among other things, so the argument about the individualism in our modern society, affecting people with disabilities in need of support and assistance. Results of the study show that there are certain factors that are more important than others for the experience of having public home care. It is a matter of whether the functional limitation is congenital or acquired. It appears that the obvious desire for independence can bee seen by those who experience addiction to home care as most stressful.

Using Hebb’s (1961) paradigm, it has been shown that older adults (OAs) fail to learn recurrent visuospatial supra-span sequence information (Turcotte, Gagnon, & Poirier, 2005); a deficit which has not been demonstrated on verbal versions of the same task or in younger adults (YAs). Since the Hebb paradigm is thought to rely on working memory and thus attention (Conway & Engle, 1996), one interpretation concerns an OA’s capacity to allocate the necessary attentional resources to carry out the various components of the task. Five studies investigated this proposal. The first three (Article 1) examined attention in a general manner by reducing the amount of attentional resources that a YA could devote to carrying out the visuospatial Hebb supra-span sequence learning task through the implementation of a verbal dual task (DT) procedure. The fourth (Article 2) further investigated the role of attention by using a DT induced at retrieval that overlapped extensively with the requirements (spatial and response features) of the visuospatial Hebb task. The final study (Article 3) aimed to use our previous findings to demonstrate learning among OAs in a visuospatial Hebb learning paradigm in which the motor response was replaced by a verbal response. Our findings confirm that attentional resources employed at the retrieval phase of the task appear to be particularly important for the demonstration of visuospatial sequence learning. The inclusion of a spatial and motor based DT at recall eliminated learning of the repeated sequence in YAs. Interestingly, the learning deficit of OAs was partially eliminated when the motor and spatial requirements at retrieval were reduced. Our findings offer strong support to the contention that supra-span learning of the Hebb type is not altered by the effect of age. However, learning deficits can be observed among OAs when the retrieval component of the task overly taxes attention-related processes. In the case of the visuospatial sequences, the basis of the deficit likely concerns an individual’s capacity to discriminate between responses made to previously presented sequences versus those that need to be made in reaction to the just seen sequence.

Using Hebb’s (1961) paradigm, it has been shown that older adults (OAs) fail to learn recurrent visuospatial supra-span sequence information (Turcotte, Gagnon, & Poirier, 2005); a deficit which has not been demonstrated on verbal versions of the same task or in younger adults (YAs). Since the Hebb paradigm is thought to rely on working memory and thus attention (Conway & Engle, 1996), one interpretation concerns an OA’s capacity to allocate the necessary attentional resources to carry out the various components of the task. Five studies investigated this proposal. The first three (Article 1) examined attention in a general manner by reducing the amount of attentional resources that a YA could devote to carrying out the visuospatial Hebb supra-span sequence learning task through the implementation of a verbal dual task (DT) procedure. The fourth (Article 2) further investigated the role of attention by using a DT induced at retrieval that overlapped extensively with the requirements (spatial and response features) of the visuospatial Hebb task. The final study (Article 3) aimed to use our previous findings to demonstrate learning among OAs in a visuospatial Hebb learning paradigm in which the motor response was replaced by a verbal response. Our findings confirm that attentional resources employed at the retrieval phase of the task appear to be particularly important for the demonstration of visuospatial sequence learning. The inclusion of a spatial and motor based DT at recall eliminated learning of the repeated sequence in YAs. Interestingly, the learning deficit of OAs was partially eliminated when the motor and spatial requirements at retrieval were reduced. Our findings offer strong support to the contention that supra-span learning of the Hebb type is not altered by the effect of age. However, learning deficits can be observed among OAs when the retrieval component of the task overly taxes attention-related processes. In the case of the visuospatial sequences, the basis of the deficit likely concerns an individual’s capacity to discriminate between responses made to previously presented sequences versus those that need to be made in reaction to the just seen sequence.

Using Hebb’s (1961) paradigm, it has been shown that older adults (OAs) fail to learn recurrent visuospatial supra-span sequence information (Turcotte, Gagnon, & Poirier, 2005); a deficit which has not been demonstrated on verbal versions of the same task or in younger adults (YAs). Since the Hebb paradigm is thought to rely on working memory and thus attention (Conway & Engle, 1996), one interpretation concerns an OA’s capacity to allocate the necessary attentional resources to carry out the various components of the task. Five studies investigated this proposal. The first three (Article 1) examined attention in a general manner by reducing the amount of attentional resources that a YA could devote to carrying out the visuospatial Hebb supra-span sequence learning task through the implementation of a verbal dual task (DT) procedure. The fourth (Article 2) further investigated the role of attention by using a DT induced at retrieval that overlapped extensively with the requirements (spatial and response features) of the visuospatial Hebb task. The final study (Article 3) aimed to use our previous findings to demonstrate learning among OAs in a visuospatial Hebb learning paradigm in which the motor response was replaced by a verbal response. Our findings confirm that attentional resources employed at the retrieval phase of the task appear to be particularly important for the demonstration of visuospatial sequence learning. The inclusion of a spatial and motor based DT at recall eliminated learning of the repeated sequence in YAs. Interestingly, the learning deficit of OAs was partially eliminated when the motor and spatial requirements at retrieval were reduced. Our findings offer strong support to the contention that supra-span learning of the Hebb type is not altered by the effect of age. However, learning deficits can be observed among OAs when the retrieval component of the task overly taxes attention-related processes. In the case of the visuospatial sequences, the basis of the deficit likely concerns an individual’s capacity to discriminate between responses made to previously presented sequences versus those that need to be made in reaction to the just seen sequence.

This work deals with the role of parents in free time activities of younger school children. There are many reasons why to help children organise their free time because all aspects as educational, health and social skill development should be fulfilled. Suitable free time activities prevent children from socially pathological phenomena.

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of the family environment of a younger school-age child. The aim of the presented diploma thesis is to provide an insight into the life of a younger school-age child. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part focuses in individual chapters on the topics related to family, education and leisure time, where the emphasis is placed on problematic, clinical and different families. The practical work gives insight into three families with an early school-age child through qualitative research methods (especially case studies and interviewing). In the practical part, I look for answers to questions about family values, spending leisure time, educational methods and lifestyle.

of disertation Rhythmic gymnastics (RG) is the only Olympia sport of girls and women and it is characterized by precision, fluency and elegance of movement that emphasizes feminine beauty and grace. At present, there is no coherent concept of long-term sports training of talented gymnasts in Czech RG. The outflow of athletes is evident especially during prepubescence. Basic RG preparation aims gradual development of motor abilities, practice of sports (gymnastics) skills and the beginning of specialized techniques based on the principle of comprehensive movement base. This period (in rhythmic gymnastics between 7-9 years of gymnasts) for further performance growth is very substantial, in terms of content and in terms of training forms and influence of trainers (coaches). Defining the content of movement and gymnastic activities determines the path of development athletes and also defines (for caoches) performance criteria in each age category. The aim of disertation was to verify correspondence between published scientific theories and trainers experience of coaching using the Repertory Grid Technique. Along the way sixteen semi-structured interviews with selected experts was achieved interpersonal and intrapersonal data. Experts in the preparation of RG agreed on the fact that in practice a set of...

The aim of the diploma thesis is to observe the influence of articular mobility through swimming lessons in younger school age children. Verified articulated mobility tests are used for these findings. Testing will take place twice, at the beginning and at the end of the swimming training over the course of one half-year. Testing will be done in two groups of children. The first group consists of students who participate in compulsory swimming lessons. The second group consists of children regularly taking part in swimming training in the swimming section in Brandýs nad Labem. In addition, people divided into swimmers and non-swimmers, and into boys and girls, were tested. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the characteristics of motor abilities with focus on flexibility, characteristics of younger school age children and swimming training and swimming. The practical part consists of a description of the experiment and analysis of the results of the individual flexibility tests. The results of the work have shown that swimming is an appropriate means of developing flexibility. Improvements in all the groups studied were confirmed. KEYWORDS motor ability, flexibility, swimming, swimming training, younger school age, motor tests, student