Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T14:17:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoCintiaFinal.pdf: 1517804 bytes, checksum: fd57c5897b91994bcdbb803fd0388323 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-02 / This study is characterized as a documentary and field research. It has as an objective to analyze the work management in hospitals of the 9th of Paraná Health Region, moreover, it tried to identify characteristics of the hospital network and health professionals in the technical and professional level. The first part of the research took place through the data collection in the National Health Facilities Register in April 2014, hospitals in the region were identified, as well as all health professionals who work in these units. Among the main results, in the 13 hospitals, 84.62% (11) were private and 61.54% (8) were small. It was identified 2,307 working occupations, from which 57.91% (1,336) were of higher education; 77.42% (1786) located in Foz do Iguaçu (health regional headquarters); 69.27% (1598) of the linkages work were classified as poor; 23.50% (376) had more than one occupation. Regarding the second step, the field research was carried out through semi-structured questionnaire filled out by the own researcher in meetings from November 2014 to February 2015, in the workplace of the subjects. It was interviewed 116 health professionals, from which 52.59% (61) were of a higher level and 47.41% (55) technical level, with specific training in health. The questions addressed socio-demographic aspects, training, work management (order of entry, type of relationship, career plans, jobs and salaries, program evaluation and other forms of performance assessment, progression and career promotion, payment bonuses and incentives) continuing education and political participation of the interviewed. Among the results it stood out: average age of 38.20 ± 14.73 years; female 72.41% (84); residents in Foz do Iguaçu 70.69% (82); belonging to the nurse staff 60.34% (70). The selection process was the primary form of entrance (56.43%), most of the bonds were protected, both in technical (95.84%) as the top-level (60.30%). The medical professional is the one with most unprotected bonds (100%), more than one job (84.61%) and higher salaries. Regarding the other aspects of the analyzed work management, it was identified in the professional responses the performance evaluation (25.71%), progression and career promotion (34.28%), bonus payments (13.57%) and incentive payments (29.29%). Lifelong learning occured sporadically in only 50% of cases, predominantly technical level (40%). As a conclusion it is noted that there is a hospital network of small institutions, from private nature, with a number of beds both general or complementary below recommended, divided workforce between doctors and nursing staff and lack of plan career, jobs and salaries in hospitals. It is recommended a greater regulation of the government in labor management in hospitals, regardless the ownership being public or private, since all are active in providing health services, which are considered by the Federal Constitution as a public relevance / O presente estudo caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa documental e de campo. Teve por objetivo analisar a gestão do trabalho nos hospitais da 9ª Região de Saúde do Paraná, além disso, buscou identificar características da rede hospitalar e dos profissionais de saúde do nível técnico e superior. A primeira parte da pesquisa realizou-se através da coleta de dados no Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde, em abril de 2014, foram identificados os hospitais da região, bem como todos os profissionais de saúde que atuam nestas unidades. Entre os principais resultados tem-se que nos 13 hospitais 84,62% (11) eram privados e 61,54% (8) de pequeno porte. Identificaram-se 2.307 ocupações de trabalho, destas 57,91% (1.336) eram de nível superior; 77,42% (1.786) localizados em Foz do Iguaçu (sede da regional de saúde); 69,27% (1.598) dos vínculos de trabalho classificaram-se como precários; 23,50% (376) apresentavam mais que uma ocupação. Em relação à segunda etapa, a pesquisa de campo, ocorreu por meio de questionário semiestruturado preenchido pelo próprio pesquisador em encontro presencial no período de novembro de 2014 a fevereiro de 2015, no local de trabalho dos sujeitos. Foram entrevistados 116 profissionais de saúde, sendo 52,59% (61) de nível superior e 47,41% (55) de nível técnico, com formação específica em saúde. As questões abordaram aspectos sócio-demográficos, de formação, gestão do trabalho (forma de ingresso, tipo de vínculo, plano de carreira, cargos e salários, programa de avaliação e outras formas de avaliação de desempenho, progressão e promoção na carreira, pagamentos de gratificações e incentivos) educação permanente e participação política dos entrevistados. Entre os resultados destacam-se: idade média de 38,20±14,73 anos; gênero feminino 72,41% (84); residentes em Foz do Iguaçu 70,69% (82); pertencentes ao pessoal de enfermagem 60,34% (70). O processo seletivo foi a principal forma de ingresso (56,43%), a maioria dos vínculos eram protegidos, tanto no nível técnico (95,84%) como no nível superior (60,30%). O profissional médico é o que apresentou mais vínculos desprotegidos (100%), mais de um vínculo empregatício (84,61%) e maiores remunerações. Em relação aos demais aspectos da gestão do trabalho analisados, identificou-se nas respostas dos profissionais a avaliação de desempenho (25,71%), progressão e promoção na carreira (34,28%), pagamentos de gratificações (13,57%) e pagamentos de incentivos (29,29%). A educação permanente ocorria de maneira esporádica em apenas 50% dos casos, com predomínio para o nível técnico (40%). Como conclusão salienta-se a existência de uma rede hospitalar composta por instituições de pequeno porte, de natureza privada, número de leitos tanto gerais como complementares abaixo do preconizado, força de trabalho dividida entre profissionais médicos e da equipe de 8 enfermagem e ausência de Plano de Carreira, Cargos e Salários nos hospitais. Recomenda-se uma maior regulação do Estado na gestão do trabalho nos hospitais, independente da titularidade ser pública ou privada, uma vez que todos atuam na prestação de serviços de saúde, os quais são considerados pela Constituição Federal como de relevância pública.

What is the relationship between gender inequality and resource wealth in the Middle East? Why has progression of women’s rights in the Middle East advanced at a comparatively slower rate than most of the world? Conventional wisdom attributes the continued significant gaps in gender equality to the region’s strong patriarchic culture associated with Islam. However, recent statistical analysis conducted by Michael Ross suggests a correlation between oil production and women’s rights. This thesis examines an emerging schism in the literature and evaluates the relationship between social and political emancipation of women relative to Islam and oil wealth. The findings of this examination conclude that Ross’s theoretical framework is incomplete: Islamic law is a key causal mechanism left out of his examination. Furthermore, Islamic law has a more comprehensive negative impact on women’s social and political rights than oil wealth.

Female labor force participation varies widely across regions and cultures, typically with more working women in developed than developing countries. Because there are significant differences between developed and developing countries that go beyond GDP, this paper examines the effects of certain development indicators on female workforce participation across these countries. Using models from past literature, I include indicators that cover personal and labor market characteristics. In this analysis, I find that education and unemployment rates continue to be significant determinants of female labor force participation in both developed and developing countries, with several key differences in the effect of various types of unemployment. Furthermore, my study supports the existence of an initial tradeoff between female labor force participation and development as the economic sectors within a country shift. These results provide valuable insights on these general trends across national borders and therefore are important for policy makers.

人口老化已是世界許多國家所面臨的挑戰之一，不僅使該國老年人口數增加，也面臨勞動力老化、勞工短缺等情形的發生。從臺灣中高齡者勞動參與情形來看，有許多中高齡工作者會在中年時期逐漸退出勞動市場，與世界各國相較，我國中高齡者勞動參與率偏低，對此，如何妥善運用中高齡人口勞動力愈趨重要。本研究從生命歷程觀點出發，將個人的勞動參與視為連續的歷程，且每個人的就業途徑是相異的，在中高齡階段有些人會選擇退休，有些人則持續在勞動市場內工作，故研究者希望能瞭解影響中高齡工作者持續參與或退出勞動市場的轉變以及個人對未來的退休意向為何，對中高齡者勞動參與情形及退休意向有更多的認識。據此，本研究目的在於：一、瞭解中高齡者勞動參與之情形，並進一步探究持續工作的中高齡者在這四年間的工作型態、職業別、行業別以及受僱身分改變之情形。二、分析影響2003年至2007年中高齡工作者持續參與或退出勞動市場之轉變的因素。三、探討目前勞動市場中高齡工作者之退休意向情形，進而分析影響個人退休意向之因素。四、依據研究成果提供相關之建議，供社會工作實務界及政策制定者做參考，以擬定相關中高齡就業之政策。 　　本研究透過衛生福利部國民健康署所進行的「臺灣地區中老年身心社會生活狀況長期追蹤調查系列」2003年第五主波調查資料以及2007年第六主波調查資料進行分析，主要分析可分為三個部分：第一部份係分析中高齡者2003年至2007年勞動參與的情形，研究對象為2003年50歲至64歲到2007年時為54至68歲的中高齡者，共2,207位；第二部分則分析影響中高齡工作者勞動參與轉變的因素，研究對象為2003年50歲至64歲有工作的中高齡者，分析的樣本數共1,194位；最後，主要係分析影響中高齡工作者的退休意向的因素，研究對象針對2007年54歲至68歲有工作的中高齡者進行分析，有效樣本數為1,017位。本研究使用SPSS 20.0統計軟體，以描述性統計、卡方檢定、簡單迴歸分析和邏輯迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析。綜合研究主要發現，可得到以下結論： 一、在2003年至2007年這四年間，中高齡工作者在此階段逐漸離開勞動市場；而持續就業的897位中高齡者，在職業別的改變幅度較大，工作型態的改變則較小。 二、影響中高齡工作者勞動參與轉變的因素包括：中高齡者2003年時的年齡、性別、婚姻狀況、自評健康狀況、受僱身分，以及2003年至2007年自評健康狀況轉變和老年經濟保障轉變等因素的影響。 三、影響中高齡工作者退休意向的因素包括：中高齡者2007年時的自評經濟狀況以及領取退休金等因素的影響。 　　依據本研究發現，研究者提出四點建議，作為未來擬定相關中高齡就業政策之參考：一、學習日本制定「中高齡者雇用法」，延長我國退休年限，並善用過渡性工作的概念，減少中高齡工作者在65歲之前退出勞動市場。二、設立中高齡人才中心，培養中高齡者的第二專長，提供多元的就業管道，並降低年齡歧視的刻板印象。三、經濟安全保障是中高齡者最關注之部分，應促進個人在退休前做好財務規劃，讓中高齡者退休後有穩定的經濟來源。四、培養個人的嗜好及興趣，並辦理退休準備教育的課程或方案，為個人退休後生活做好準備。 / Aging population has been a severe challenge for many countries in the world, it’s not only lets seniors increasing in the country but also faces the problems in aging labor force and labor shortage. From the situation in Taiwan older labor force participation , many of the workers will exit the labor market gradually. In comparison with each country in the world, the older labor force participation in our country is slightly low; thus, it is more important how to appropriately handle older labor force. This study start from the perspective of life course, and view the individual labor force participation as the continual course, and everyone’s employment pathway is different, someone in older will choose to retire, and someone continues to work in the labor market; therefore, this study hopes to understand the factor to affect the changes in the older workers continue to participate in the labor market or exit it and individual’s retirement conations in the future. There are four purposes in this study. First, to understand the situation in older labor force participation, and then discuss the conditions in older workers’ work styles, occupations, industries, and the changes in employee and employers identification from 2003 to 2007. Second, to analyze the factor to affect older workers continue to participate or exit the labor market from 2003 to 2007. Third, to discuss the circumstances in the older workers’ retire conations in current labor market. Last, according to the suggestions from the study results, providing the social workers and policy-makers a reference to draw up a policy concerned to older employment. This study analyzes through the Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare’s “Survey of the older in Taiwan” in 2003 the fifth wave survey information and 2007 the sixth wave survey information, and can divide into three parts. The first part analyzes the situations in older labor participation from 2003 to 2007 and the subjects are the older from 50-64 years old in 2003 to 54-68 years old in 2007, and total 2,207 people. The second part analyzes the factors to influence the changes in older workers’ labor force participation, and the subjects are the older who were 50-64 years old, and total 1,194 people. The last part analyzes the factors to influence the retire conations to older workers, and the subjects are concerned to 54-68 years older who have jobs, and the valid samples are 1,017 people. This study uses the statistic software, SPSS 20.0, and analyzes with some statistic methods like Descriptive Statistic, Chi-square Test, Simple Linear Regression and Logistic Regression Analysis. According to research results, we acquires following conclusions. First, during 2003-2007, the older workers gradually exit the labor market. In contrast, the 897 elder workers who choose to obtain employment fluctuate in large amount in occupation, and in small in work style. Second, the factor to influence the changes in older workers’ labor force participation include the older age, sex, marriage, self-heath condition, employee and employer identification in 2003, and the transition in self-health condition and senior economic guarantee during 2003-2007. Third, the factor to influence the retire conations to older workers include the older self-economy condition, the amount of pension in 2007. According to the study results , I come up with four suggestions to make references for drawing up older employment policy in the future. First, to emulate Japan to enact “Law Concerning Stabilization of Employment of Older Persons”, extending the retire age in our country, and make good use of the concept of transitional job so as to decrease the number of older workers to exit the labor market. Second, to establish the older human resource center , cultivating their second specialty, providing a diverse employment channels with the view to decreasing the stereotype in age discrimination. Third, economic safety guarantee is the most concerned part of all, and we should facilitate each individual to make good financial plan so that the older may have stable economic sources after retirement. Last, to cultivate individual’s hobbies and interests and transact the courses or projects of retire preparation education for the purpose of make perfect ready for retired life.

Orientador: José Luiz Guimarães / Banca: Elizabeth Piemonte Constantino / Banca: Ivone Tambelli Schmidt / Resumo: O presente trabalho objetivou analisar o Programa de Erradicação do Trabalho Infantil (PETI) de Araçatuba/SP, tendo por base dados quanti-qualitativos, documentos e informações disponíveis sobre o mesmo e o papel desempenhado pelas autoridades envolvidas nessa "política pública". Ainda que indiretamente, também foi possível avaliar a realidade brasileira e as circunstâncias que fizeram parte do desenvolvimento da nação, possibilitando visualizar que crianças e adolescentes, recrutadas pelo sistema econômico, são vítimas evidentes de nossa excludente realidade. Por outro lado, tem-se uma amostra sobre como se comportam as autoridades responsáveis pela implementação das políticas públicas sociais - sejam elas as executoras ou as fiscalizadoras - na importante tarefa de dirimir as atrocidades produzidas pelas desigualdades. Iniciamos nossas considerações pelo entendimento de como se estruturou o conceito de infância durante a modernidade, principalmente no ocidente, com ênfase nas variações sobre o conceito de família e o processo de escolarização, possibilitadas pelo paradigma moderno, bem como a combinação, desses e de outros fatores, que agiram sobre a realidade brasileira. Considerando essas circunstâncias, buscamos identificar na literatura especializada, relatos e situações que evidenciem a utilização de mão-de-obra infanto-juvenil, e neste trajeto tomamos por referência o final do século XIX, época em que o Brasil expande sua produção e inicia a implantação de suas primeiras indústrias, caracterizando, tanto no contexto nacional, como internacional, uma fase de expansão do capitalismo e do comércio entre as nações. Ao dimensionarmos a realidade do trabalho infantil no Brasil, buscamos identificar as ações do Estado frente à infância... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This paper aimed at analyzing the PETI- Programa de Erradicação de Trabalho Infantil (agency for enforcing government policies on behalf of children who work) based on quant-qualitative data, documents and available information about this program and the role played by the authorities involved with this "government policy". Indirectly, it was also possible to evaluate the Brazilian reality and the circumstances that were part of the nation development, making it possible to see that children and teenagers, explored by the economical system, are evident victims of our excluding reality. On the other hand, we have a sample of how the responsible authorities behave toward the implementation of the social government policies- being either the enforcers or the controllers- on the important task of reducing the atrocities produced by the inequalities. We started through the understanding of how the idea of childhood was conceived during the recent times, mainly in the Occident, with emphasis on the variations of the concept of family and the schooling process, due to the modern paradigms, as well as the combination of these and other factors operated on the Brazilian reality. Considering these circumstances, we identified on specialized books reports and situations that make evident the use of childish labor force and, as a reference, we got the end of the 19th century, when Brazil expands its productions and starts setting up the capitalism and trade between countries. After checking the reality of the childish labor force in Brazil, we identified how the state in Brazil acts toward the poor childhood and adolescence and, mainly, in relation to exploiting their working. We characterized the understanding authorities and the social... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below) / Mestre

Orientador: Elisabete Doria Bilac / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T02:36:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moura_SabineFoditschQuaresmade_M.pdf: 2330389 bytes, checksum: 706eb4d2c194717817cf49e3d3d1fc7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Este estudo investiga a relação existente entre nível de instrução e inserção no mercado de trabalho de responsáveis por domicílios, segundo sexo. Com base nos dados do Censo Demográfico do Brasil de 2000, comparou-se a inserção ocupacional de responsáveis analfabetos absolutos e analfabetos funcionais com a de responsáveis com oito anos completos de estudo, assim como as implicações na escolaridade e ocupação de filhos residentes. A análise compara ainda as condições de vida destes grupos em três contextos urbanos diferentes: Campinas, Hortolândia e Indaiatuba a fim de verificar possíveis diferenças entre elas / Abstract: The present study investigates the relation between instruction level and labor market insertion of households heads by sex. Based on the Demographic Brazilian Census 2000, the occupation of illiterate and functional illiterate households heads is compared with the occupation of households heads with eight years of study, as well as the implications of scholarship and occupation of resident sons and daughters. This analysis also compares the life conditions of these groups in three different urban contexts ¿ Campinas, Hortolândia and Indaiatuba ¿ in order to verify possible differences between them / Mestrado / Mestre em Demografia

Orientador: Josue Pereira da Silva / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T09:35:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mesquita_MarcosRoberto_M.pdf: 1376969 bytes, checksum: b56883ccd0779b166a6c6ba199a09bc6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A dissertação se refere ao problema do desemprego dos jovens e as políticas públicas que visam combatê-lo. O estudo está voltado para o Brasil pós 1990, além da análise de duas políticas públicas que objetivam ingressar os jovens no mercado de trabalho: CIEE, organização não governamental desenvolvida para integrar empresas e escolas, e o PNPE, programa estatal que visa estimular a geração de empregos para os jovens. O primeiro capítulo do estudo discute o desemprego dos jovens, o segundo e terceiro analisam respectivamente o CIEE e o PNPE / Abstract: The dissertation deals with the problem of unemployment of Young people, and the public policies supposed to combat it. Focusing on Brazil from 1990 onwards, the research takes two cases of public policy whose objective is to include these young workers in the labor market: CIEE (a non governmental organization developed to the integration between school and firms) and PNPE (the state program to stimulate the supply of employment for young people). While the first chapter of the dissertation discusses the problem of youth unemployment, the second and the third analyze respectively the CIEE and the PNPE / Mestrado / Mestre em Sociologia

For the past years, there has been an absence of economic crisis on a global level. The unexpected COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus led to a significant disruption in economies across the globe, followed by a decrease in economic activity. The decline in economic activity caused market shocks which eventually increased unemployment. This paper aims to analyse unemployment between the years 2018 to 2021 to measure pre- and post-pandemic unemployment rate among Swedish municipalities. The research question is, was the COVID-19 affected significantly related to an increase in unemployment rates across the 290 municipalities in Sweden? Data collection is from several agencies, including the Swedish Public Employment Service (Arbetsförmedlingen), The Public Health Agency of Sweden (Folkhälsomyndigheten), and Statistic Sweden (SCB). The regression model used to analyse the variables are series of fixed effects regression. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the understanding of the pandemic and economic downturn. By examining variables such as COVID-19 affected, immigrants, education, and disposable income in municipalities, this paper was able to conclude that COVID-19 affected are significantly related to unemployment increase in all 290 municipalities.

This dissertation is divided into five chapters consisting of three short essays that concentrate on economic analysis of health, savings and labor. The first essay is aimed at investigating the influence of increased work hours on individuals’ health and how this may differ between males and females. It is expected that increased hours of work will have a negative impact on health but this impact may be stronger for females. In the second essay, the relationship between individuals’ health and savings behavior is analyzed. Healthy individuals are expected to be more productive, earn higher incomes, and have lower medical expenditures compared to unhealthy individuals. It is therefore expected that individuals’ health will have a positive influence on their saving behavior. The third paper analyzes the effect of increased work, as proxied by labor force participation, on health, as proxied by life expectancy, at the macro level. The main aim of the analysis in the third essay is to investigate whether or not increased female labor force participation is a contributing factor to the narrowing gap between the life expectancy of females and males. In the final chapter of this dissertation, I provide a summary of my findings on the relationships between work, health, and savings. I also provide directions for future research.

Over the past several decades there has been extensive research done in an attempt to determine what demographic characteristics affect economic growth, measured in GDP per capita. Understanding what influences the growth of a country will vastly help policy makers enact policies to lead the country in a positive direction. This research focuses on isolating a new variable, women in the work force. As well as isolating a new variable, this research will modify a preexisting variable that was shown to be significant in order to make the variable more robust and sensitive to recessions. The intent of this thesis is to explore the relationship between several demographic characteristics and their effect on the growth rate of GDP per capita. The first step is to reproduce the work done by Barlow (1994) to ensure that the United States follows similar rules as the countries in his research. Afterwards, we will introduce new variables into the model, comparing the goodness of fit through the methods of R-squared, AIC and BIC. There have been several models developed to answer each of the research questions independently.