Orientador: Cleide Antonia Rapucci / Banca: Maria de Lourdes Ortiz Gandine Baldan / Banca: Regina Célia dos Santos Alves / Banca: Luiz Roberto Velloso Cairo / Banca: Daniella Mantarro Callipo / Resumo: A "Sede de nomeada" ou o "Amor da glória" é um tema que se repete na obra de Machado de Assis. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a ação das personagens machadianas que buscam a "nomeada." Partimos do pressuposto de que na busca da glória, as personagens tentam construir uma imagem social vencedora. Por meio do elemento temático identificamos as relações intertextuais estabelecidas entre o romance Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas e as outras narrativas que constituem o corpus desta pesquisa, a saber: "O alienista, "O segredo do bonzo", "A sereníssima República," "Conto alexandrino," "Cantigas de esponsais," "Um homem célebre" e "Teoria do medalhão". A seleção das narrativas literárias foi baseada nas semelhanças das estratégias empregadas pelas personagens para alcançar a fama. Para realização desta proposta utilizamos noções básicas inerentes ao tema e à crítica temática. Abordamos os princípios teóricos referentes à intertextualidade que apoiaram as análises literárias desenvolvidas nesta pesquisa. Por fim, foram estudadas as concepções de personagem e narrador como elementos da narrativa ficcional. / Abstract: The "thirst for fame" or the " love of glory " is a recurrent theme in the work of Machado de Assis. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the action of the Machadian characters in that search for fame. We presume that in the search for glory, the characters try to build a winning social image. Through the thematic element we have identified the intertextual relationships established between Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas [Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas, often subtitled as The Epitaph of a Small Winner] and the other narratives that constitute the corpus of this research: "O alienista, "O segredo do bonzo ", "A sereníssima República," Conto alexandrino," "Cantigas de esponsais", "Um homem célebre" and "Teoria do medalhão". The selection of the literary narratives was based on the similarity of the strategies used by the characters in order to reach fame. For accomplishment of this proposal we have used basic notions related to theme and to thematic criticism. We approached the theoretical principles related to intertextuality that supported the literary analyses developed in this research. Finally, conceptions of character and narrator were studied as elements of the fictional narrative. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-07-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:06:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_vmc_dr_assis.pdf: 1051765 bytes, checksum: 1241f4dd6ea7dee13a7f75e6aec3f13f (MD5) / A Sede de nomeada ou o Amor da glória é um tema que se repete na obra de Machado de Assis. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a ação das personagens machadianas que buscam a nomeada. Partimos do pressuposto de que na busca da glória, as personagens tentam construir uma imagem social vencedora. Por meio do elemento temático identificamos as relações intertextuais estabelecidas entre o romance Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas e as outras narrativas que constituem o corpus desta pesquisa, a saber: O alienista, O segredo do bonzo, A sereníssima República, Conto alexandrino, Cantigas de esponsais, Um homem célebre e Teoria do medalhão. A seleção das narrativas literárias foi baseada nas semelhanças das estratégias empregadas pelas personagens para alcançar a fama. Para realização desta proposta utilizamos noções básicas inerentes ao tema e à crítica temática. Abordamos os princípios teóricos referentes à intertextualidade que apoiaram as análises literárias desenvolvidas nesta pesquisa. Por fim, foram estudadas as concepções de personagem e narrador como elementos da narrativa ficcional. / The thirst for fame or the love of glory is a recurrent theme in the work of Machado de Assis. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the action of the Machadian characters in that search for fame. We presume that in the search for glory, the characters try to build a winning social image. Through the thematic element we have identified the intertextual relationships established between Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas [Posthumous Memoirs of Brás Cubas, often subtitled as The Epitaph of a Small Winner] and the other narratives that constitute the corpus of this research: O alienista, O segredo do bonzo , A sereníssima República, Conto alexandrino, Cantigas de esponsais, Um homem célebre and Teoria do medalhão. The selection of the literary narratives was based on the similarity of the strategies used by the characters in order to reach fame. For accomplishment of this proposal we have used basic notions related to theme and to thematic criticism. We approached the theoretical principles related to intertextuality that supported the literary analyses developed in this research. Finally, conceptions of character and narrator were studied as elements of the fictional narrative.

Cette thèse consiste à étudier le motif de la lumière dans l’œuvre poétique de Verlaine. La notion de motif dans la perspective thématique que nous avons adoptée et qui est définie principalement par Jean-Pierre Richard dans L’univers imaginaire de Mallarmé et dans Microlectures s’étend à un ensemble de termes qui, de par leur sens et leur référence, entretiennent entre eux des rapports variés et assurent à une œuvre sa cohésion. Ces termes, tout en renvoyant à une même notion, en l’occurrence la lumière, se métamorphosent au fil du texte et apparaissent sous des formes variées. Nous nous sommes fixés pour objectif de les repérer et d’étudier leur variation et leurs fonctions. Le poète adopte face à la réalité une attitude négative se caractérisant par le repliement sur soi et l’abandon. L’espace chez lui qu’il soit ouvert ou fermé est oppressant et le temps, associé souvent au passé, est synonyme de perte et de déception. De nombreux poèmes, surtout au début de l’œuvre, reflètent cette impression d’inertie et de défaillance. Mais malgré la forte présence lyrique, l’expression toujours suggestive ne se laisse pas dominer par le discours. A cette négativité, le poète associe la noirceur. Toutes les lumières dans ces poèmes sont sombres ou faibles. Les occurrences qui relèvent de cette tonalité sont de loin les plus nombreuses. Leur mise en œuvre et leur fréquence témoigne de l’importance que Verlaine accorde à l’esthétique. Mais le lyrisme de Verlaine est aussi celui de la célébration. La plus grande partie de son œuvre est composée de portraits et d’autoportraits. Dans cet ensemble où sont célébrés Dieu, les héros, les femmes, etc. Verlaine choisit l’envers de la discrétion. Il emploie des procédés qui favorisent l’exagération. Les portraits idéalisés sont sa manière de manifester sa quête d’altérité. L’expression exagérée caractéristique de ces poèmes engage des lumières fortes, lumineuses, blanches…Mais dans un certain nombre de poèmes, Verlaine rompt entièrement avec tout héritage poétique et a écrit une poésie qui tente de saisir la réalité dans sa fuite et dans sa métamorphose. Il adopte une voie intermédiaire qui soumet le langage aux exigences de l’artiste. Certaines lumières elles-mêmes changeantes et indéterminées peuvent en effet répondre à ce besoin. Ce besoin d’interroger le langage est en réalité commun aux poètes de la deuxième moitié du XIXème siècle. L’époque se caractérise par une évolution des goûts et des idées, mais aussi par un sentiment d’inquiétude face à la modernité naissante. Cette évolution et ce malaise sont perceptibles chez Verlaine. Celui-ci atteste de sa modernité en plaçant son art sur la frontière de ce qui est dit et de ce qui est tout simplement suggéré. L’existence de cet art dépend en fait de la complicité qui s’instaure par-delà les mots entre le poète et le lecteur. Si Verlaine semble gagner le pari d’une réception large, c’est grâce à cette poétique de l’indétermination et de la suggestion. / This thesis consists in studying the motif of the light in the poetry of Verlaine. The concept of motif in the thematic approach we have adopted and which is defined principally by Jean-Pierre Richard in L’univers imaginaire de Mallarmé and in Microlectures extends to a set of terms which, by their sense and reference, have various connections between them and ensure the work cohesion. These terms, while referring to a same notion, in this case the light, are transformed in the text and appear under various forms. We have set as a target to identify them and to study their changes and their functions.In the face of the reality, the poet adopts a negative attitude characterized by self-absorption and abandonment. The space that is open or closed is oppressive and the time, often associated with the past, means loss and disappointment. Many poems, especially at the beginning of the work, reflect this sense of inertia and failure. But despite the strong lyrical presence, the constantly suggestive expression cannot be dominated by the speech. The poet combines the dark with this abandonment. All the lights in these poems are dark and low. Occurrences that are related to this tone are by far the most numerous. Their use and their frequency reflect the importance that Verlaine attaches to the forms.But the lyricism of Verlaine is also the lyricism of celebration. The major part of his work is composed of portraits and self-portraits. In this set where God, heroes, women… are celebrated, Verlaine chooses the explicit expression. He uses processes that support the exaggeration. The idealized portraits are his way of showing his quest for otherness. The expression in these poems involves bright, shining and white lights.But in some poems, Verlaine breaks completely with poetic legacy and wrote a poetry that attempts to grasp the reality in its movement and its metamorphosis. He adopts a middle way that meets the needs of the artist. Some lights, themselves unstable and indeterminate, can meet this need. The need of asking language is in fact common to the poets of the second half of the nineteenth century. The era is characterized by changing tastes and ideas, but also by a concern about the emerging modernity. This development and this discomfort can be perceived in the poetry of Verlaine. The Verlaine modernity appears between what is said and what is just suggested.In fact, the existence of this art depends on the complicity that exists beyond the words between the poet and the reader. Verlaine seems to meet the challenge of a large reception thanks to the poetics of indeterminacy and suggestion.

Os romances Bouvard et Pécuchet (1881), de Gustave Flaubert, e La Vie mode demploi (1978), de Georges Perec, são lidos, nesta dissertação, a partir do tema da biblioteca, que se desdobra (assim como essas obras) em três vias que se entrecruzam: virtual, imaginária e real. As bibliotecas virtuais são construídas a partir de diversos registros e referências intertextuais deixadas por escritores em anotações, cadernos, correspondência, etc., que são tomadas como documentos da gênese de sua escrita. Já as bibliotecas imaginárias são aquelas tematizadas nos livros, ou seja, são encontradas em obras que ficcionalizam o espaço e a dinâmica das bibliotecas. As bibliotecas reais dos escritores, por sua vez, são formadas por volumes que fizeram parte de seu acervo pessoal. Esta pesquisa propõe refletir sobre as práticas de leitura e escrita de Georges Perec e Gustave Flaubert paralelamente à análise das obras La Vie mode demploi e Bouvard et Pécuchet. Essa reflexão resulta da observação de alguns vestígios de suas bibliotecas virtuais e reais e das relações entre aquelas três faces da biblioteca. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação pretende apresentar diversos arranjos que as múltiplas peças dessa biblioteca caleidoscópica podem formar. / In this dissertation, Gustave Flauberts Bouvard and Pécuchet (1881) and Georges Perecs Life a users manual (1978) are analyzed through the theme of the library, a theme that has (such as in the novels) three dimensions which interconnect: a virtual, a real and an imaginary one. The virtual dimension of the library is formed by the intertextual references and notes left by the writers in their writing process documents such as their notebooks and letters. The imaginary dimension of the library takes the form of the figuration of the library in the books that fictionalize the space and the dynamics of the library. Finally, the real dimension of the library takes the form of the books that were part of the writers personal libraries. Because of these three dimensions, this dissertation not only analyses the text of novels but also reflects about Perecs and Flauberts writing and reading practices. This is possible through the observation of the traces of the virtual and the real dimensions of the library and through the interconnection of three dimensions mentioned. In this sense, this dissertation aims at presenting some of the various arrangements that can be formed by the multiple pieces of this kaleidoscopic theme.

La thèse est née de la possibilité qui nous a été donnée d’analyser en exclusivité une partie des travaux inédits du critique italien et théoricien de la littérature, Francesco Orlando (1934- 2010), qui portent sur le thème de l’invention littéraire. Les perspectives contenues dans ces inédits, dûment contextualisées, sont autant de contributions au débat sur les instruments et les méthodes de recherche dans le domaine critico-thématique. Cette matière première, qui se compose de fiches de notes et d’un corpus consistant de leçons et d’interventions intégralement enregistrés à l’aide d’un appareil audio, permet de grands développements interprétatifs; elle se prête parfaitement à une recherche qui a pour point de départ le cadre de la proposition théorique et s’ouvre ensuite, dans une seconde phase de notre travail, à l’application des résultats à l’analyse comparée des œuvres de deux auteurs de la littérature italienne, Walter Siti, et française, Michel Houellebecq, que rapprochent d’importantes convergences aussi bien thématiques, formelles que du point de vue des figures utilisées. / The thesis considers previously unpublished works by Italian literary critic and theoretician Francesco Orlando (1934-2010) concerning the subject of literary invention. The ideas expressed in these works, with due contextualization, provide interesting contributions in the debate about methodologies and tools of research in the field of thematic criticism. The material I consider consists in notes and in the audio tapes of a consistent corpus of lectures and conferences, and leaves room for further interpretative developments. My research considers Orlando’s material as a theoretical frame for an analysis of Italian author Walter Siti and French author Michel Houellebecq, who share important common features both thematically and stylistically.

At the centre of this study lies the question if normative gender thinking affects the way poetry gets reviewed and how the reviews are written, this in relation to both the gender of the reviewer and the poet. The study crosses three academic fields; gender studies, poetry and journalism, and is based on the cultural studies theory of media affecting and even creating the world around it. The study is based on two types of analysis. One quantitative analysis based on the thematic criticism theory about detail studies that shows bigger patterns, this analysis focuses on how the poet and his/hers work are being treated in the reviews in areas such as how much space they´re given in the newspapers, how they are named by the reviewer and the tendency to quote the reviewed work.  And one qualitative analysis based on the new criticism method of close reading, that focuses on the reviewers way of writing and how that may be connected with theories of gender differences, this both connected to the gender of the reviewers and the poets. The material chosen for this study are all the reviews that were published in the same newspapers and that reviewed two specific poetry works by two specific poets chosen with great sensibility to age and career so that their difference in gender would be the most significant difference between them. The works were chosen based on year of publishing, they were supposed to be published as newly as possible and as close to each other in time as possible. The works I ended up with were Dimman av allt (2001) and Svart som silver (2008) by Bruno K. Öijer and Silverskåp (2000) and Nu försvinner vi eller ingår (2007) by Birgitta Lillpers. The results of this study show several differences in how poetry is being judged and how poetry reviews are being written are connected with the gender of the poets and the reviewer. Lillpers got 35% less space in the newspapers and Öijers poetry got quoted a lot more which confirms that female poetry often is considered as less important than the male poetry, and that men in general tends to be judged as more professional than woman. The male reviewers tended to express themselves with greater certainty than the female reviewers who held a more professional tone in their reviews and focused more on the technical aspects of the poetry. This confirms the theory of the male words are being looked upon as the truth but contradicts the theory of women writing more based on personal experience and of women being less skilled in language techniques. In conclusion, there are differences in how poetry gets reviewed and how the reviews are written that are connected to the genders of the poet and the reviewer but these differences are complex and does not show a clear normative way of thinking about gender

Os romances Bouvard et Pécuchet (1881), de Gustave Flaubert, e La Vie mode demploi (1978), de Georges Perec, são lidos, nesta dissertação, a partir do tema da biblioteca, que se desdobra (assim como essas obras) em três vias que se entrecruzam: virtual, imaginária e real. As bibliotecas virtuais são construídas a partir de diversos registros e referências intertextuais deixadas por escritores em anotações, cadernos, correspondência, etc., que são tomadas como documentos da gênese de sua escrita. Já as bibliotecas imaginárias são aquelas tematizadas nos livros, ou seja, são encontradas em obras que ficcionalizam o espaço e a dinâmica das bibliotecas. As bibliotecas reais dos escritores, por sua vez, são formadas por volumes que fizeram parte de seu acervo pessoal. Esta pesquisa propõe refletir sobre as práticas de leitura e escrita de Georges Perec e Gustave Flaubert paralelamente à análise das obras La Vie mode demploi e Bouvard et Pécuchet. Essa reflexão resulta da observação de alguns vestígios de suas bibliotecas virtuais e reais e das relações entre aquelas três faces da biblioteca. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação pretende apresentar diversos arranjos que as múltiplas peças dessa biblioteca caleidoscópica podem formar. / In this dissertation, Gustave Flauberts Bouvard and Pécuchet (1881) and Georges Perecs Life a users manual (1978) are analyzed through the theme of the library, a theme that has (such as in the novels) three dimensions which interconnect: a virtual, a real and an imaginary one. The virtual dimension of the library is formed by the intertextual references and notes left by the writers in their writing process documents such as their notebooks and letters. The imaginary dimension of the library takes the form of the figuration of the library in the books that fictionalize the space and the dynamics of the library. Finally, the real dimension of the library takes the form of the books that were part of the writers personal libraries. Because of these three dimensions, this dissertation not only analyses the text of novels but also reflects about Perecs and Flauberts writing and reading practices. This is possible through the observation of the traces of the virtual and the real dimensions of the library and through the interconnection of three dimensions mentioned. In this sense, this dissertation aims at presenting some of the various arrangements that can be formed by the multiple pieces of this kaleidoscopic theme.

L’histoire de la maison et celle du roman se croisent tout particulièrement au XIXe siècle alors que littérature et architecture engagent des chantiers dont Philippe Hamon souligne le parallélisme. La maison comme la maisonnée sont par ailleurs affectées par les évolutions sociétales. Objet privilégié de la description réaliste, la maison a depuis été ébranlée dans ses fondations d’autant que l’intérêt même de son exposition s’est trouvé remis en cause. La question de la représentation est au cœur des crises que traverse le roman. Le retour à la fiction initié au tournant des années 1980, en réactivant le romanesque, favorise-t-il la délivrance de nouveaux permis de construire et le réinvestissement d’un lieu redevenu fréquentable? Cette thèse se propose d’explorer le motif de la maison dans l’œuvre romanesque de quatre romanciers contemporains, J.M.G. Le Clézio, Pascal Quignard, Sylvie Germain et Marie NDiaye, à l’aune des changements sociologiques comme des problématiques du roman, afin de montrer que la maison offre des perspectives nouvelles pour la fiction. Nous envisagerons un «roman de maison» lequel, comme le roman d’aventure, aurait son espace, ses intrigues, ses personnages. En parcourant des espaces domestiques distincts, nous ferons ressortir un certain nombre d’enjeux esthétiques et poétiques liés au thème et nous nous demanderons si le roman ne serait pas, à notre époque, devenu le refuge le plus sûr et le lieu le plus hospitalier. / The history of home and that of the novel have crossed paths more than once, but hardly ever more so than in the nineteenth century, when literature and architecture began exploring new forms, the similarities of which were aptly pointed out by Philippe Hamon. At the time, both house and home were subjected to deep societal changes, and their worth as literary object was called into question: thus, home, which had long been a favourite topic of the realists, was shaken to its foundations. The very notion of representation lay at the crux of the crises the novel was going through. Around the 1980s, however, the novel began pivoting back towards fiction, thus reviving its core characteristic. Did this return to home promote new building permits, so to speak? Did it make home, as a literary trope, inhabitable once again ? This dissertation shall explore the motif of home in the complete works of four contemporary authors, namely J.M.G. Le Clézio, Pascal Quignard, Sylvie Germain and Marie NDiaye, as analyzed through the prism of sociological changes, as well as of novel-related problematics. By so doing, I hope to demonstrate that home still bears a slew of new perspectives for the fiction genre. I will put forward the notion of a ‘home novel’, which, just like the ‘adventure novel’, is endowed with its very own set of spaces, plots and characters. By delving into various domestic spaces, I shall bring out some of its key aspects, be they aesthetic or poetic, and wonder whether the novel might have become, in the times we live in, the safest and most hospitable haven at our disposal.