Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:00:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RummeniggeMA_DISSERT.pdf: 3612032 bytes, checksum: c42f71cd4b369e67040d25834cf732bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work is the result of a personal uneasy about the form and development taken by contemporaneous theater concerning its relationship with other media to create new hybrid organisms and organizing itself through new possibilities, connections, as well as with different levels of arrangements in the construction of the scene. The purpose of this research is to study the connections between the scene and the media within the context of the formation of hybrid organism wich is the key element. That stands for an aesthetic characteristic of the post-dramatic condition of contemporary theatre in Brazil. Thus, this work will investigate the concept of visual landscapes within the context of Gerald Thomas Sievers work in Brazil in the period of the first decade of twenty-first century having the play Rainha Mentira (2007) (Queen Liar, 2007) as the main empirical object of analysis, discussion and application of the framework developed in the text / Esta disserta??o de mestrado ? fruto de uma inquieta??o pessoal sobre os rumos e a forma do teatro na contemporaneidade e a sua rela??o com as m?dias na forma??o de organismos h?bridos em termos gerais, e mais especificamente sobre como se organizam e se apresentam as poss?veis liga??es, e os diferentes n?veis de contato existentes entre elas na constru??o da cena. O objetivo da pesquisa ? estudar as liga??es entre cena e m?dia (proje??o de imagens) na forma??o de organismos h?bridos como sendo uma das caracter?sticas est?ticas da condi??o p?s-dram?tica do teatro contempor?neo no Brasil. Como estudo de caso, prop?e-se investigar o conceito de paisagens visuais no contexto da obra do encenador brasileiro Gerald Thomas Sievers, mais especificamente suas encena??es realizadas no Brasil no per?odo que compreende a primeira d?cada do s?culo XXI, sendo Rainha Mentira (2007) o objeto emp?rico de an?lise, aplica??o e discuss?o dos conceitos desenvolvidos no corpo do texto

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:00:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeHMO_DISSERT.pdf: 3354962 bytes, checksum: a758acb9f2bb7a31cde2e3bc40a8bacb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The dissertation intends to develop an investigation on the artistic existence in human beings with different bodies in society at different historical moments. In this regard and based on this scenario, the study develops a description of the stigmas production and how they are established, spread and interfere with the sociability among human beings regarded as normal and those with different bodies. Regarding the scenic arts, the text describes about the participation of artists with different bodies in the scene, specifically the freak show and postdramatic theater. The text also investigates aspects of the biography and the work of mexican artist Frida Kahlo, which underpin methodological proceedings and produce contribution to the creative process of performance Kahlo em mim Eu e(m) Kahlo , which is to investigate the practice of the scene in this dissertation / A disserta??o tem como objetivo realizar uma averigua??o sobre o fazer art?stico na exist?ncia dos seres humanos com corpos diferenciados na sociedade, em diferentes momentos hist?ricos. Neste sentido e com base neste panorama, o estudo elabora uma descri??o sobre a produ??o de estigmas e a forma como eles se instauram, se propagam e interferem na sociabilidade entre os seres humanos considerados normais e os com corpos diferenciados. No que tange as artes c?nicas, o texto faz uma descri??o acerca da participa??o dos artistas com corpos diferenciados na cena, especificamente do freak show e no teatro p?s-dram?tico. O texto tamb?m investiga aspectos da biografia e da obra da artista pl?stica mexicana Frida Kahlo, os quais fundamentam os procedimentos metodol?gicos e produzem aportes para o processo criativo da performance Kahlo em mim Eu e(m) Kahlo , que consiste na investiga??o da pr?tica da cena na disserta??o

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoTDBN_DISSERT_parcial.pdf: 2023324 bytes, checksum: af543040ab580eb729ea0ba7ac05cd5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-08 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Fucan is a term used to denominate L-fucose rich sulfated polysaccharides. The fucans have been studied due their pharmacological activities like antithrombotic, antiproliferative and antioxidant. We have extracted three fucan fractions from the brown seaweed Spatoglossum schr?ederi. These fucans were denominated Fuc B 1, Fuc B 1.5 and Fuc B 2. The chemical analyzes show that the fucans have very similar composition as demonstrated by agarose electrophoresis gel, sugar and sulfate content. The antiproliferative effect was determined by MTT and BrdU methodologies in CHO cells. The inhibition of proliferation effect of the three fractions was about 40%. Therefore this we proceed just with the Fuc B 2 due the higher yield. There is no apoptosis indication using the anexin V/propidium iodide test. We found a cell cycle phase G1 arrest. The western blotting show that the PKC; pFAK; pERK 1/2 are activated when the cells were treated with fucans. The treatement with inhibitor of MAPK PD98059 extinguished the fucan effect. These results indicates that fucan act by the ERK pathway inducing the cell death. / Fucana ? um termo utilizado para denominar polissacar?deos sulfatados ricos em L-Fucose. As fucanas t?m sido estudadas devido suas atividades farmacol?gicas: antitromb?tica, antiproliferativa e antioxidante. N?s extra?mos tr?s fra??es de fucanas da alga Spatoglossum schr?ederi. Essas fucanas, denominadas de Fuc B 1, Fuc B 1.5 e Fuc B 2, apresentam uma composi??o muito similar como demonstrado pela eletroforese em gel de agarose, e conte?do de a??car e sulfato. O efeito antiproliferativo foi determinado pelas metodologias de MTT e BrdU em c?lulas CHO. O efeito na inibi??o da prolifera??o das tr?s fra??es foi de cerca de 40%. Assim, procedemos somente com a Fuc B 2 devido seu maior rendimento. N?o houve indica??o de apoptose usando a marca??o com anexina V-FITC/ Iodeto de Prop?deo. Identificamos uma parada na fase G1 do ciclo celular. Os ensaios de western blotting mostraram que PKC, pFAK e pERK 1/2 s?o ativadas quando as c?lulas s?o tratadas com Fuc B. O tratamento com o inibidor de MAPK PD98059 aboliu o efeito da fucana. Esses efeitos indicam que a fucana age via ERK para inibir a prolifera??o das c?lulas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArmandoJBS.pdf: 422054 bytes, checksum: f4b2cbf7617b504553ea5eac8f22b533 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-27 / Female hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting along the southeastcoastline of Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil (6?13'40"S, 35?03'05"W) were captured and weighed during the four months from January to April 2007, in the course of the annual egglaying season, which extended from 06 rd November 2006 to 30 rd May 2007. In all, 99 weight measurements were performed. On first contact the females exhibited an average post-oviposition weight of 79.1 kg (range 56.2-98.9 kg, SD = 10.9 kg, n = 44 females). Those individuals which were subsequently recaptured showed a mean weight loss of 1.7 kg (range 0.7-4.5 kg, SD = 1.0 kg, n = 39 sets of measurements on 20 females) in the interval between two consecutive post-ovipositions, separated by a maximum time interval of 17 days. In the cases where the female aborted the nesting process, the pre-oviposition weight was measured. The clutch weight, that is to say, the weight loss between consecutive pre-oviposition and post-oviposition measurements (separated by a maximum time interval of 3 days), was found to be 5.2 kg (range 4.3-6.0 kg, SD = 0.9 kg, n = 6 sets of measurements). This value is significantly higher (t-test, p<0.001) than the loss between two consecutive post-oviposition measurements with the same female. The mean recovery in body weight, that is to say, the average gain in weight between successive post-oviposition and pre-oviposition captures of the same individual (separated by a time interval of 12 to 17 days), was found to be 3.0 kg (range 1.9-4.3 kg, SD = 1.0 kg, n = 4 sets of measurements) Although the small sample size makes it unwise to generalise, the recovery in body weight was found to be always significantly lower (t-test, p<0.005) than the clutch weight. This fact is in agreement with the observed weight loss tendency throughout the breeding season for this species. Considering the clutch weight and the internidal recovery in body weight we found that the total weight loss of the adult hawksbill females after three to five nesting events varied from 10.4% (range 8.7-11.9%, SD = 1.6%, n = 3) to 14.1% (range 11.8-15.4%, SD = 1.3%, n = 6) in relation to their initial pre-oviposition weight. If there were no body weight recovery during the internesting interval we estimate that a female that nests three to five times in the course of the season would lose from 19% to 31% of its initial weight. We emphasise that our clutch weight estimate was performed by weighing the females and not by multiplying the number of eggs in the nest by their average unit weight. In this way, our measurements take into account the loss of liquid during the oviposition. Despite the unequivocal evidence of body weight recovery during the internidal interval, it is not clear if the cause of this process is rehydration or feeding / Os dados que comp?em esta disserta??o, est?o organizados em dois cap?tulos que correspondem a dois artigos cient?ficos a serem submetidos ? publica??o. O primeiro, Body weight and energy budget of gravid hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) during the nest season est? sendo submetido ao Journal of Herpetology e o segundo intitulado Prefer?ncias individuais por local de desova em Eretmochelys imbricata (LINNAEUS, 1756), na Praia de Pipa, Tibau do Sul, RN

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MonicaRO_01_40.pdf: 3996248 bytes, checksum: 971458d8393c9eb3edc1f0eaba559683 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-08 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The marine fish white mullet, Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 (Osteichthyes: Mugilidae) exhibits a wide geographical distribution, being common in the Brazilian coast and is an important component of the artisanal fisheries. The objective of this study was to investigate the reproductive biology of M. curema in the coastal waters of Rio Grande do Norte. Fish samples were captured on a monthly basis during August, 2008 to July, 2009. The fish specimens were numbered, weighed, measured, dissected and their gonads were removed, weighed, their sex and gonadal development were identified. The length-weight relationship was determined for males and females. The sex ratio, the size at first gonadal maturation and gonadosomatic index (GSI) were calculated and ovarian development was investigated using macroscopic and histological techniques. The fecundity, spawning type and the reproductive period of the species were determined. A total of 366 specimens (186 males and 180 females) were captured. The sex ratio was 1:1 and the females were heavier than males. The estimated values of the angular coefficient for both sexes suggest that the species has isometric growth. The size at which 50% of the population began the process of maturation was 25.9 cm of total length for grouped sex. The macroscopic characteristics of the ovaries showed four stages of development: immature, maturing, mature and spent. However, the microscopic characteristics of the ovaries showed five stages of development: immature, early maturing, late maturing, mature and spent. The development of oocytes indicated five phases: Chromatin-nucleolus (phase I), initial perinucleolar (phase II), final perinuclear (phase II), formation of vitelline vesicle or yolk (phase III), vitellogenic (phase IV) and complete vitellogenesis (phase V). The species has a prolonged spawning period, with two peaks coinciding with the rainy season. / O peixe marinho tainha, Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 (Osteichthyes:Mugilidae) apresenta ampla distribui??o geogr?fica, sendo comum na costa brasileira e de grande import?ncia para a pesca artesanal. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a biologia reprodutiva de M. curema nas ?guas costeiras do Estado de Rio Grande do Norte. Foram capturados mensalmente exemplares de peixes durante o per?odo de agosto de 2008 a julho de 2009. Os exemplares foram numerados, pesados, medidos, dissecados e suas g?nadas foram retiradas, pesadas e identificadas quanto ao sexo e quanto o desenvolvimento gonadal. A rela??o peso-comprimento foi determinada para machos e f?meas. A propor??o sexual, o tamanho da primeira matura??o gonadal e o ?ndice gonadossom?tico (IGS) foram calculados e o desenvolvimento ovariano foi investigado usando t?cnicas macrosc?picas e histol?gicas. Foram determinados a fecundidade, o tipo de desova e o per?odo reprodutivo da esp?cie. Foi capturado um totalde 366 exemplares (186 machos e 180 f?meas). A propor??o sexual foi de 1:1 e as f?meas foram mais pesadas que os machos. O valor estimado para o coeficiente angular para ambos os sexos sugere que ? a esp?cie apresenta crescimento isom?trico. O tamanho em que 50% da popula??o iniciaram o processo de matura??o gonadal foi de 26 cm de comprimento total para sexo agrupado. As caracter?sticas macrosc?picas dos ov?rios revelaram quatro est?dios de desenvolvimento: imaturo, em matura??o, maduro e esvaziado, enquanto que as caracter?sticas microsc?picas revelaram cinco est?dios de desenvolvimento: imaturo, em matura??o inicial, em matura??o final, maduro e esvaziado. O desenvolvimento dos ov?citos indicou cinco fases: Cromatina-nucl?olo (fase I), perinucleolar inicial (fase II), perinuclear final (Fase II), forma??o ves?cula vitel?nica (fase III), vitelog?nico (fase IV) e vitelog?nese completa (fase V). A esp?cie apresenta um per?odo reprodutivo prolongado, com dois picos coincidindo com o per?ododa chuva

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoGS_DISSERT_partes autorizadas.pdf: 2090858 bytes, checksum: 96c920960475d5970880d27da7b95ada (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Knowledge of the native prokaryotes in hazardous locations favors the application of biotechnology for bioremediation. Independent strategies for cultivation and metagenomics contribute to further microbiological knowledge, enabling studies with non-cultivable about the "native microbiological status and its potential role in bioremediation, for example, of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPA's). Considering the biome mangrove interface fragile and critical bordering the ocean, this study characterizes the native microbiota mangrove potential biodegradability of HPA's using a biomarker for molecular detection and assessment of bacterial diversity by PCR in areas under the influence of oil companies in the Basin Petroleum Geology Potiguar (BPP). We chose PcaF, a metabolic enzyme, to be the molecular biomarker in a PCR-DGGE detection of prokaryotes that degrade HPA s. The PCR-DGGE fingerprints obtained from Paracuru-CE, Fortim-CE and Areia Branca-RN samples revealed the occurrence of fluctuations of microbial communities according to the sampling periods and in response to the impact of oil. In the analysis of microbial communities interference of the oil industry, in Areia Branca-RN and Paracuru-CE was observed that oil is a determinant of microbial diversity. Fortim-CE probably has no direct influence with the oil activity. In order to obtain data for better understanding the transport and biodegradation of HPA's, there were conducted in silico studies with modeling and simulation from obtaining 3-D models of proteins involved in the degradation of phenanthrene in the transport of HPA's and also getting the 3-D model of the enzyme PcaF used as molecular marker in this study. Were realized docking studies with substrates and products to a better understanding about the transport mechanism and catalysis of HPA s / O conhecimento sobre os procariotos nativos em locais de risco favorece a aplica??o de biotecnologias para biorremedia??o. Estrat?gias independentes de cultivo, como metagen?mica, contribuem para aprofundar o conhecimento microbiol?gico, possibilitando estudos com organismos n?o cultiv?veis acerca do status microbiol?gico nativo e seu potencial papel na biodegrada??o de, por exemplo, Hidrocarbonetos Arom?ticos Polic?clicos (HAP s). Considerando o bioma de mangue uma interface fr?gil e cr?tica de fronteira com o oceano, este trabalho caracteriza a microbiota nativa de mangue com potencial biodegradador de HAP s utilizando um biomarcador molecular para detec??o e avalia??o da diversidade bacteriana em ?reas sob influ?ncia de ind?strias petrol?feras atrav?s da PCR-DGGE na Bacia Petrol?fera Potiguar (BPP). Foi escolhido um biomarcador molecular metab?lico, enzima PcaF, para detec??o de procariotos degradadores de HAP s. Com o biomarcador, fingerprints foram obtidos de amostras de Paracuru-CE, Fortim-CE e Areia Branca-RN, revelando a ocorr?ncia de flutua??es das comunidades microbianas de acordo com os per?odos de amostragem e em resposta ao impacto por petr?leo. Atrav?s da an?lise das comunidades microbianas frente ? interfer?ncia da ind?stria do petr?leo, em Areia Branca-RN e Paracuru-CE foi observado que o petr?leo ? determinante para a diversidade microbiana. Fortim-CE provavelmente n?o tem influ?ncia direta da atividade petrol?fera. No intuito de obter dados para o melhor entendimento do transporte e biodegrada??o de HAP s, foram desenvolvidos estudos in silico de modelagem e simula??o computacional a partir da obten??o de modelos 3-D de prote?nas envolvidas na degrada??o do fenantreno, no transporte de HAP s e tamb?m a obten??o do modelo 3-D da enzima PcaF. Estudos de dockings com substratos e produtos forneceram dados para o melhor entendimento sobre o mecanismo de transporte e cat?lise de HAP s

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AmandaKAS_partes_autorizadas_pelo_autorpdf.pdf: 421894 bytes, checksum: 15a14d2d358700ee07c4f1523c7254c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-16 / This work aimed to develop a suitable magnetic system for administration by the oral route. In addition to that, it was intended to review the current uses of magnetic systems and the safety related to magnetic field exposure. Methods: Coprecipitation and emulsification/crosslinking were carried out in order to synthesize magnetite particles and to coat them, respectively. Results: According to literature review, it was found that magnetic particles present several properties such as magnetophoresis in magnetic field gradient, production of a surrounding magnetic field, and heat generation in alternated magnetic field. When the human organism is exposed to magnetic fields, several interaction mechanisms come into play. However, biological tissues present low magnetic susceptibility. As a result, the effects are not so remarkable. Concerning the development of a magnetic system for oral route, uncoated magnetite particles did undergo significant dissolution at gastric pH. On the other hand, such process was inhibited in the xylan-coated particles. Conclusions: Due to their different properties, magnetic systems have been widely used in biosciences. However, the consequent increased human exposure to magnetic fields has been considered relatively safe. Concerning the experimental work, it was developed a polymer-coated magnetic system. It may be very promising for administration by the oral route for therapy and diagnostic applications as dissolution at gastric pH hardly took place / Realizar um trabalho multidisciplinar a fim de revisar os usos biom?dicos de sistemas magn?ticos, analisar os aspectos sobre a seguran?a relativa ? exposi??o de organismos vivos a campos magn?ticos e desenvolver um sistema magn?tico apropriado para administra??o por via oral. Metodologia: Inicialmente, part?culas magn?ticas foram produzidas pela coprecipita??o de sais de ferro no meio alcalino. A etapa seguinte consistiu no processo de emulsifica??o/reticula??o interfacial realizado a fim de produzir part?culas magn?ticas revestidas por xilana. Resultados: Constata-se que as part?culas magn?ticas apresentam diversas propriedades tais como mobilidade magnetofor?tica em gradiente de campo magn?tico, produ??o de um campo magn?tico capaz de influenciar a regi?o em sua volta e gera??o de calor em campo magn?tico alternado. A exposi??o a campos magn?ticos implica em diversos mecanismos de intera??o, mas os efeitos tendem a ser m?nimos em virtude da baixa susceptibilidade magn?tica dos tecidos. Quanto ao uso de part?culas de magnetita por via oral, os dados sobre a caracteriza??o das amostras e os resultados do teste de dissolu??o in vitro em pH g?strico demonstraram a viabilidade do m?todo de revestimento apresentado para proteger as part?culas de magnetita da dissolu??o g?strica. Conclus?es: Devido ?s suas diferentes propriedades, os sistemas magn?ticos t?m encontrado ampla aplicabilidade em ci?ncias biom?dicas, sendo o conseq?ente aumento da exposi??o humana a campo considerado relativamente seguro. Experimentalmente, foi desenvolvido um sistema magn?tico promissor para administra??o por via oral, que poder? encontrar aplicabilidade como marcador de motilidade intestinal, contraste para resson?ncia nuclear magn?tica ou para a vetoriza??o de f?rmacos

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GabrielleSR_TESE.pdf: 847327 bytes, checksum: 9f1c07c2e01793761beec7744ff12e42 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / C?lulas e mol?culas s?o marcadas com tecn?cio-99m (99mTc) e usadas na obten??o de imagens em medicina nuclear. Produtos naturais e sint?ticos podem interferir na marca??o de constituintes sangu?neos com 99mTc. A sucralose ? um ado?ante utilizado em alimentos e bebidas, sendo indicado para indiv?duos com dietas de restri??o cal?rica como obesos e diab?ticos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito do ado?ante comercial com sucralose: (i) na marca??o de constituintes sang??neos com 99mTc; (ii) na morfologia das hem?cias e (iii) na biodistribui??o dos radiof?rmacos pertecnetato de s?dio (Na99mTcO4) e ?cido dietilenotriaminopentac?tico marcado com 99mTc (99mTc-DTPA) em ratos Wistar. No estudo in vitro, amostras de sangue de animais foram isoladas e incubadas com diferentes concentra??es da solu??o de sucralose ou solu??o de NaCl 0,9% (controle). No tratamento in vivo, animais foram tratados com sucralose em diferentes doses ou solu??o de NaCl 0,9% (controle) e em diferentes tempos. Amostras de sangue foram isoladas e a marca??o de constituintes sangu?neos com 99mTc foi realizada. Plasma e c?lulas foram isolados por centrifuga??o. Fra??es sol?vel e insol?vel de plasma e c?lulas sangu?neas tamb?m foram separadas utilizando-se ?cido tricloroac?tico a 5% e centrifuga??o. A radioatividade em cada fra??o foi contada e a porcentagem de radioatividade incorporada (%ATI) foi calculada. Distens?es sangu?neas foram preparadas, fixadas, coradas e a morfologia das hem?cias foi avaliada em microscopia ?ptica. Para os estudos de biodistribui??o, os animais foram tratados com sucralose em diferentes doses e em diferentes tempos (1h e 8 dias). Como controle animais foram tratados com solu??o de NaCl 0,9%. Ap?s o tratamento, os animais foram anestesiados, realizada a administra??o do radiof?rmaco via plexo ocular. Depois de 10 minutos, os animais foram sacrificados, os ?rg?os e tecidos foram isolados, pesados e feita a contagem xi do percentual de atividade administrada que foi incorporada por grama de tecido (%ATI/g). Nos experimentos de marca??o de constituintes sang??neos com 99mTc nos estudos in vitro e in vivo, a sucralose n?o alterou a %ATI nos compartimentos plasm?tico e celular, e n?o alterou a fixa??o do 99mTc nas fra??es sol?veis e insol?veis do plasma e da c?lula (p>0,05%). N?o houve altera??o significativa na morfologia das hem?cias (p>0,05%). Os resultados obtidos na biodistribui??o do radiof?rmaco pertecnetato de s?dio (Na99mTcO4) mostrou aumento significativo (p<0,05) na capta??o deste radiof?rmaco nos rins no estudo agudo (1h). No estudo cr?nico (8 dias), n?o houve altera??o na capta??o do Na99mTcO4 (p>0,05%). Os resultados do estudo agudo (1h) com o radiof?rmaco 99mTc-DTPA mostrou altera??o significativa (p<0,05%) na capta??o deste radiof?rmaco nos seguintes ?rg?os: tire?ide, est?mago, p?ncreas, m?sculo e ba?o. Considerando-se estes resultados, sugere-se que o uso da sucralose poderia interferir com procedimentos de medicina nuclear relacionados ? biodistribui??o de radiof?rmacos, mas n?o poderia interferir em procedimentos relacionados com a marca??o de constituintes sangu?neos e morfologia das hem?cias. O estudo teve car?ter multidisciplinar com a participa??o das seguintes ?reas de conhecimento: Radiobiologia, F?sico-qu?mica, Endocrinologia, Morfologia, Hematologia e Nutri??o

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SeverinaCVCL_TESE.pdf: 1816207 bytes, checksum: 5755d36ea1a1726759b308b22d1cfcdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-28 / The dyslipidemia and excess weight in adolescents, when combined, suggest a progression of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Besides these, the dietary habits and lifestyle have also been considered unsuitable impacting the development of chronic diseases. The study objectives were: (1) estimate the prevalence of lipid profile and correlate with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist / height ratio (WHR) in adolescents, considering the maturation sexual, (2) know the sources of variance in the diet and the number of days needed to estimate the usual diet of adolescents and (3) describe the dietary patterns and lifestyle of adolescents, family history of CVD and age correlates them with the patterns of risk for CVD, adjusted for sexual maturation. A cross-sectional study was performed with 432 adolescents, aged 10-19 years from public schools of the Natal city, Brazil. The dyslipidemias were evaluated considering the lipid profile, the index of I Castelli (TC / HDL) and II (LDL / HDL) and non-HDL cholesterol. Anthropometric indicators were BMI, WC and WHR. The intake of energy, nutrients including fiber, fatty acids and cholesterol was estimated from two 24-hour recalls (24HR). The variables of lipid profile, anthropometric and clinical data were used in the models of Pearson correlation and linear regression, considering the sexual maturation. The variance ratio of the diet was calculated from the component-person variance, determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The definition of the number of days to estimate the usual intake of each nutrient was obtained by taking the hypothetical correlation (r) &#8805; 0.9, between nutrient intake and the true observed. We used the principal component analysis as a method of extracting factors that 129 accounted for the dependent variables and known cardiovascular risk obtained from the lipid profile, the index for Castelli I and II, non-HDL cholesterol, BMI, and WC the WHR. Dietary patterns and lifestyle were obtained from the independent variables, based on nutrients consumed and physical activity weekly. In the study of principal component analysis (PCA) was investigated associations between the patterns of cardiovascular risk factors in dietary patterns and lifestyle, age and positive family history of CVD, through bivariate and multiple logistic regression adjusted for sexual maturation. The low HDL-C dyslipidemia was most prevalent (50.5%) for adolescents. Significant correlations were observed between hypercholesterolemia and positive family history of CVD (r = 0.19, p <0.01) and hypertriglyceridemia with BMI (r = 0.30, p <0.01), with the CC (r = 0.32, p <0.01) and WHR (r = 0.33, p <0.01). The linear model constructed with sexual maturation, age and BMI explained about 1 to 10.4% of the variation in the lipid profile. The sources of variance between individuals were greater for all nutrients in both sexes. The reasons for variances were &#61500; 1 for all nutrients were higher in females. The results suggest that to assess the diet of adolescents with greater precision, 2 days would be enough to R24h consumption of energy, carbohydrates, fiber, saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, 3 days would be recommended for protein, lipid, polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol. Two cardiovascular risk factors as have been extracted in the ACP, referring to the dependent variables: the standard lipid profile (HDL-C and non-HDL cholesterol) and "standard anthropometric index (BMI, WC, WHR) with a power explaining 75% of the variance of the original data. The factors are representative of two independent variables led to dietary patterns, "pattern 130 western diet" and "pattern protein diet", and one on the lifestyle, "pattern energy balance". Together, these patterns provide an explanation power of 67%. Made adjustment for sexual maturation in males remained significant variables: the associations between puberty and be pattern anthropometric indicator (OR = 3.32, CI 1.34 to 8.17%), and between family history of CVD and the pattern lipid profile (OR = 2.62, CI 1.20 to 5.72%). In females adolescents, associations were identified between age after the first stage of puberty with anthropometric pattern (OR = 3.59, CI 1.58 to 8.17%) and lipid profile (OR = 0.33, CI 0.15 to 0.75%). Conclusions: The low HDL-C was the most prevalent dyslipidemia independent of sex and nutritional status of adolescents. Hypercholesterolemia was influenced by family history of CVD and sexual maturation, in turn, hypertriglyceridemia was closely associated with anthropometric indicators. The variance between the diets was greater for all nutrients. This fact reflected in a variance ratio less than 1 and consequently in a lower number of days requerid to estimate the usual diet of adolescents considering gender. The two dietary patterns were extracted and the pattern considered unhealthy lifestyle as healthy. The associations were found between the patterns of CVD risk with age and family history of CVD in the studied adolescents / As dislipidemias e o excesso de peso corporal em adolescentes, quando associados, sugerem uma progress?o dos fatores de risco modific?veis para as doen?as cardiovasculares (DCV). Al?m destes, os h?bitos alimentares e de estilo de vida inadequados, tamb?m t?m sido considerados impactantes no desenvolvimento de doen?as cr?nicas. Os objetivos do estudo foram: (1) estimar a preval?ncia das altera??es do perfil lip?dico e correlacionar com o ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC), a circunfer?ncia da cintura (CC) e a raz?o cintura/altura (RCA) em adolescentes, considerando a matura??o sexual; (2) conhecer as fontes de vari?ncia da dieta e o n?mero de dias necess?rios para estimar a dieta habitual dos adolescentes e (3) descrever os padr?es diet?ticos e de estilo de vida dos adolescentes, a hist?ria familiar positiva de DCV e a idade e correlacion?-los com os padr?es de risco para DCV, ajustados pela matura??o sexual. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal com 432 adolescentes de escolas p?blicas municipais da cidade do Natal, RN, Brasil, com idade entre 10-19 anos. As dislipidemias foram avaliadas considerando o perfil lip?dico, o ?ndice de Castelli I (CT/HDL) e II (LDL/HDL) e o colesterol n?o-HDL. Os indicadores antropom?tricos inclu?dos foram o IMC, a CC e a RCA. A ingest?o de energia, dos macronutrientes inclusive a fibra, dos ?cidos graxos e do colesterol foi estimada a partir de dois recordat?rios de 24h (R24h). As vari?veis do perfil lip?dico, antropom?tricas e cl?nicas foram usadas nos modelos de correla??o de Pearson e de regress?o linear multivariada, considerando a matura??o sexual. A raz?o de vari?ncia da dieta foi calculada entre o componente da vari?ncia intrapessoal e interpessoal, determinada pela an?lise de vari?ncia (ANOVA). A xv defini??o do n?mero de dias para a estimativa da ingest?o habitual de cada nutriente foi obtida considerando a correla??o hipot?tica de (r) &#8805; 0,9, entre a ingest?o de nutrientes verdadeira e a observada. Utilizou-se a an?lise de componentes principais (ACP) como m?todo de extra??o dos fatores que representaram as vari?veis dependentes denominadas de risco cardiovascular e obtido a partir do perfil lip?dico, do ?ndice de Castelli I e II, do colesterol n?o-HDL, do IMC, da CC e da RCA. Os padr?es diet?ticos e do estilo de vida foram obtidos a partir das vari?veis independentes, com base nos nutrientes consumidos e na atividade f?sica semanal. No estudo da ACP foram investigadas as associa??es entre os padr?es de risco cardiovascular com os padr?es diet?ticos e do estilo de vida, idade e com a hist?ria familiar positiva de DCV, por meio da an?lise bivariada e regress?o log?stica m?ltipla ajustada pela matura??o sexual. O baixo HDL-c foi a dislipidemia mais prevalente (50,5%) nos adolescentes. Foram verificadas correla??es significativas entre a hipercolesterolemia e a hist?ria familiar positiva de DCV (r=0,19, p<0,01); e a hipertrigliceridemia com o IMC (r=0,30, p<0,01), com a CC (r=0,32, p<0,01) e com a RCQ (r=0,33, p<0,01). O modelo linear constru?do com a matura??o sexual, idade e IMC explicaram cerca de 1 10,4% da varia??o dos valores do perfil lip?dico. As fontes de vari?ncia interpessoal foram maiores para todos os nutrientes, em ambos os sexos. As raz?es de vari?ncias foram &#61500; 1 para todos os nutrientes sendo mais elevadas no sexo feminino. Os resultados sugerem que para avaliar a dieta destes adolescentes, 2 dias de R24h seriam suficientes para consumo de energia, carboidratos, fibra, ?cidos graxos saturados e monoinsaturados. Diferentemente, 3 dias seria o recomendado para a prote?na, xvi lip?deos, os ?cidos graxos poliinsaturados e o colesterol. Dois fatores denominados de risco cardiovascular foram extra?dos na ACP, referentes ?s vari?veis dependentes: o padr?o perfil lip?dico (HDL-C e colesterol n?o-HDL) e o padr?o indicador antropom?trico (IMC, CC, RCA), com um poder de explica??o de 75% da vari?ncia dos dados originais. Os fatores representativos das vari?veis independentes originaram dois padr?es diet?ticos, padr?o dieta ocidental e padr?o dieta prot?ica ; e um relativo ao estilo de vida, padr?o equil?brio energ?tico . Em conjunto, estes padr?es fornecem um poder de explica??o de 67%. Feito o ajuste pela matura??o sexual, permaneceram significativas no sexo masculino as seguintes vari?veis: as associa??es entre ser p?bere e o padr?o indicador antropom?trico (OR=3,32, IC% 1,34-8,17); e entre a hist?ria familiar de DCV e o padr?o perfil lip?dico (OR=2,62, IC% 1,20-5,72). No sexo feminino, identificaram-se associa??es entre a idade ap?s a primeira fase da puberdade com os padr?es indicadores antropom?tricos (OR=3,59, IC% 1,58-8,17) e do perfil lip?dico (OR=0,33, IC% 0,15-0,75). Conclus?es: O baixo HDL-c foi a mais prevalente dislipidemia independente do sexo e do estado nutricional dos adolescentes. A hipercolesterolemia teve influ?ncia da hist?ria familiar positiva de DCV e da matura??o sexual; por sua vez, a hipertrigliceridemia foi fortemente associada aos indicadores antropom?tricos. A vari?ncia interpessoal da dieta foi a maior para todos os nutrientes. Tal fato repercutiu em uma raz?o de vari?ncia menor que 1 e consequentemente em um menor n?mero de dias necess?rios para se estimar a dieta habitual dos adolescentes, considerando o sexo. Os dois padr?es diet?ticos extra?dos foram considerados n?o saud?veis e o padr?o estilo de vida como saud?vel. As associa??es encontradas foram entre os padr?es de xvii risco para DCV com a idade e a hist?ria familiar positiva de DCV nos adolescentes estudados

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WanessaAB_DISSERT.pdf: 3799185 bytes, checksum: ce77744774059676a04175b60c73d121 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-26 / The synthetic guanylhydrazones WE010 (3,5-di-tert-butil-4-hidroxibenzaldehyde-guanylhydrazone), WE014 (4-bifenilcarboxialdehydeguanylhydrazone) and WE017 (3,4-diclorobenzaldehydeguanylhydrazone) showed high cytotoxic activity in terms of percentage inhibition of cancer cells growth. However, further progress in the development of these drug candidates requires precise and convenient methods for their qualitative and quantitative analyses. The aim of this study was to develop and validate High Performance Liquid Chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography with diode-array detection (UFLC-DAD) methods suitable for as simultaneous as isolated determination of studied guanylhydrazones, based on the optimization of chromatographic parameters and obtaining reduced detection times. The chromatographic analyses of analytes by HPLC were performed on C18 ACE analytical column (150 mm x 4.6 mm), with a particle size of 5.0 ?m. Among all the conditions assayed, the best results of separation were obtained with a mixture of methanol:water (60:40, v/v) as the mobile phase at a flow rate 1.5mL/min and pH of 3.5 adjusted at acetic acid. The UFLC method was developed by experimetal desing techniques in order to find optimal chromatographic analytical conditions, which were achieved on XR-ODS analytical column (50 mm x 3.0 mm), with a particle size of 2,2 ?m, maintained at 25 ?C. The mobile phase was consisted of methanol:water (65:35, v/v) with 0.1% triethylamine (TEA) and pH of 3.5 adjusted at acetic acid, at a flow rate 0.5 mL/min. The procedure were validated following evaluating parameters such as specificity, linearity, limits of detection (LD) and quantification (LQ), precision, accuracy and robustness, giving results within the acceptable range. Although the UFLC method shows better sensitivity (lower values of LD and LQ), robustness (lower rates of relative standard deviation) and minimize spending time and solvent, both developed methods were adequately applied to the analysis of guanylhydrazones molecules, may be used in routine of quality control laboratories. Keywords: guanylhydrazones, HPLC/DAD, UFLC/DAD, validation of analitical method / As guanilhidrazonas sint?ticas WE010 (3,5-di-tert-butil-4-hidroxibenzalde?do-guanilhidrazona), WE014 (4-bifenilcarboxialde?doguanilhidrazona) e WE017 (3,4-diclorobenzalde?doguanilhidrazona) apresentaram alta atividade citot?xica em rela??o a inibi??o do crescimento de c?lulas cancer?genas. Contudo, o avan?o no desenvolvimento desses candidatos a f?rmacos necessitam de m?todos precisos para suas adequadas an?lises quantitativas e qualitativas. O objetivo desse estudo foi desenvolver e validar m?todos por Cromatografia L?quida de Alta Efici?cia com Detector de Arranjo Diodo (CLAE-DAD) e Cromatografia L?quida de Ultra Efici?cia com Detector de Arranjo Diodo (CLUE-DAD) adequados para a determina??o simult?nea, bem como isolada das guanilhidrazonas em estudo, baseado na otimiza??o de par?metros cromatogr?ficos e obten??o de tempos reduzidos de detec??o. As an?lises cromatogr?ficas por CLAE foram realizadas numa coluna anal?tica C18 ACE (150 mm x 4,6 mm), com tamanho de part?cula de 5,0 ?m. Dentre as condi??es analisadas, os melhores resultados de separa??o foram obtidos com uma fase m?vel composta por metanol:?gua (60:40), em um fluxo de 1,5 mL/min. e um pH de 3,5 ajustado com ?cido ac?tico. O m?todo por CLUE foi desenvolvido a partir de t?cnicas de planejamento fatorial, com o objetivo de se encontrar as melhores condi??es anal?ticas, que foram obtidas a partir de an?lise em uma coluna XR-ODS (50 mm x 3,0 mm), com tamanho de part?cula de 2,2 ?m, mantida a 25 ?C. A fase m?vel foi constitu?da por metanol:?gua (65:35) com 0,1% de Trietilamina (TEA) e pH de 3,5 ajustado com ?cido ac?tico. Os procedimentos foram validados a partir da avalia??o de par?metros de especificidade, linearidade, limites de detec??o (LD) e quantifica??o (LQ), precis?o exatid?o e robustez, obtendo-se resultados dentro do intervalo aceit?vel. Embora o m?todo por CLUE tenha mostrado melhor sensibilidade (menores valores de LD e LQ), robustez (menores ?ndices de desvio padr?o relativo) e minimizado gastos de tempo e solvente, ambos os m?todos desenvolvidos foram adequadamente aptos para as an?lises das mol?culas de guanilhidrazonas, podendo ser utilizados na rotina de laborat?rios de controle de qualidade