With the rapid development of information technology, data availability is improved greatly. Data may be accessed at anytime by people from any location. However,threats to data security and privacy arise as one of the major problems of the development of information systems, especially those information systems which contain personal information. An association database is a personal information system which contains associations between persons. In this thesis, we identify the security and privacy problems of association databases. In order to solve these problems, we propose a new security and privacy model for association databases equipped with both direct access control and inference control mechanisms. In this model, there are multiple criteria including, not only confidentiality, but also privacy and other aspects of security to classify the association. The methods used in the system are: The direct access control method is based on the mandatory model; The inference control method is based on both logic reasoning and probabilistic reasoning (Belief Networks). My contributions to security and privacy model for association databases and to inference control in the model include: Identification of security and privacy problems in association databases; Formal definition of association database model; Representation association databases as directed multiple graphs; Development of axioms for direct access control; Specification of the unauthorized inference problem; A method for unauthorized inference detection and control that includes: Development of logic inference rules and probabilistic inference rule; Application of belief networks as a tool for unauthorized inference detection and control.

[pt] O Supremo Tribunal Federal decidiu, na ADI n. 4815, que a publicação de biografias poderia ocorrer independentemente da autorização das pessoas retratadas, sob a alegação de que o direito à liberdade de expressão teria uma posição preferencial face aos direitos existenciais em risco, tais como a honra, a imagem e a privacidade, mesmo reconhecendo a existência e importância de tais direitos que, para o STF, só poderiam ser reclamados, via responsabilidade civil, depois da publicação. No entanto, como se demonstrará, a cláusula geral de tutela da pessoa humana, que engloba os direitos existenciais mencionados, e se externa a partir do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, não pode estar em posição inferior ao direito à liberdade de expressão, principalmente em razão de o princípio ter sido considerado, pelo constituinte de 1988, como um dos fundamentos da República. Deste modo, os direitos existenciais devem ser observados em compatibilidade com a relevância que o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana ocupa na Constituição da República. Em consequência, ao biografado deve ser dada a possibilidade e a oportunidade de preservar seus direitos subjetivos existenciais, em especial as informações de caráter íntimo que, se reveladas, causarão constrangimento e eventual discriminação. Desta forma, o direito à privacidade como autodeterminação informativa permite que o biografado deva ter o controle sobre as informações que estão sendo recolhidas e que serão disponibilizadas aos leitores e esse controle só será possível se biografado for comunicado previamente a publicação da história de sua vida. Assim ele poderá acessar o Poder Judiciário e evitar que uma ameaça de lesão se torne uma efetiva lesão à sua dignidade. / [en] The Brazilian Supreme Court ruled in ADI No. 4815 that the publication of biographies could occur independently of the authorization of the persons portrayed, on the grounds that the right to freedom of expression would have a preferential position vis-à-vis the existential rights at risk, such as honor, image and privacy. Even though the Supreme Federal Court recognized the existence and importance of such rights, it could only be claimed, via civil liability, after the publication of the biography. However, as will be shown, the general clause of protection of the human person, which encompasses the existential rights mentioned, and is extracted from the principle of the human dignity, cannot be in an inferior position when comparing to the right to freedom of speech, especially because the principle was regarded by the 1988 constituent as one of the foundations of the Republic. In this way, existential rights must be observed in compatibility with the relevance that the principle of the human dignity occupies in the Constitution of the Republic. Consequently, to the biography subject must be given the possibility and opportunity to preserve his existential subjective rights, especially related to the publishing of intimate information that, if revealed, will cause embarrassment and eventual discrimination. Thus, the right to privacy as informative self-determination allows the biography subject to have control over the information that is being collected and will be made available to readers and this control will only be possible if the biography subject is communicated before the publication of the story of his life. Thus, he can access the Judiciary and prevent a threat of injury from becoming an effective injury to his dignity.

Cette thèse porte sur la presse clandestine au Liban, celle qui – non autorisée par l’État–fut publiée et véhiculée par les partis politiques belligérants durant la guerre au Libanentre 1975 et 1982.Elle étudie dans son ensemble la nature d’une sélection significative, non exhaustive,des publications les plus représentatives de cette époque, ses messages, pour aboutirà la compréhension du public et des moyens de distribution de ces écrits.Travail de première main, cette étude se base sur une recherche d’archives, qui seraplus tard approfondie par l’analyse de contenu, du langage, et de la sémiologiequand la publication le permet. Ainsi, nous repasserons en vue les périodiquesFalastine Assawra, Al Qaeda, Al Marouni, Loubnan et Sawt El Hakika pour mieuxsonder les points de vue sur les sujets traités ainsi que la façon de faire selon lavision de chacun.Ainsi, nous avons affaire à des instruments qui témoignent d’une étape cruciale etfondamentale dans l’évolution de la presse libanaise, notamment celle qui s’occupeessentiellement des zones de crise et des manifestations les plus humaines de laliberté de penser.On en conclura que la guerre est aussi bien médiatique qu’armée quand il s’agit d’unaffrontement d’idéologies, et que dans un pays multi confessionnel comme le Liban,l’histoire est non seulement un point de vue, mais une lutte de construction d'imagequi va plus loin que les faits. Michel Foucault le dit bien : "on a beau dire ce que l'onvoit, ce que l'on voit ne tient pas dans ce que l'on dit". / This thesis focuses on the underground press, or what is known as the clandestine press inLebanon, that was published and promoted by the belligerant political parties during thewar in Lebanon between 1975 and 1982. Noteworthy, these publications were notauthorized by the Lebanese authorities at that time.It analyses the nature of a significant selection of 5 of the most representative publicationsof that period, along with their messages, their readers and their different means ofdistribution.As a first study of its kind, this research is based on archival documents, which contect waslater handled with depth, thus analysing the language and the semiotics when thepublication permitted so. Accordingly, we chose to reflect the views of Falastine Assawra,Al Qaeda, Al Marouni, Loubnan and Sawt Al Hakika, examining the direction of thecommunication in each.Noteworthy, this reseatch deals with instruments that reflect a fundamental and crucialstep in the evolution of the Lebanese press. It is essentialy a means of communication usedduring times of crisis, serving political propaganda, sometimes agendas. Nevertheless,these publication a manifestation of the freedom of speech.We conclude that war is made with both arms and media, especially when it involves aclash of ideologies. It also teaches us tha in a multi- confessional country like Lebanon,history is not only a point of view, but also a clash for image-building that goes beyondfacts. Michel Foucault said it quite well: "we may say what you see, what we see does notalways stand out in what we say."

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This PhD thesis analyzes the current, by experts in minimum benchmark solved condition of valuation of damaged, unlicensed and unauthorized buildings, it defines the problematic status of the individual administrative areas where the expert report is the decisive evidence and it recommends suitable method of valuation of these buildings, so as to minimize the risk of bringing faulty expert opinion. The paper not only explains the basic concepts identified in the relevant legislation, but also systematically analyzes the possible ways of determining the usual price of mentioned buildings. Derived ways of valuation methods are validated on examples and evaluated. On the basis of this verification there is a recommended procedure to determine the usual price of these types of buildings, ie. the expert standard.

Within Swedish Secondary Schools, truancy has been an increasing concern over the last eleven years. A specific form of truancy is so called in-school truancy where the student is basically within the school corridors but to a lesser degree attends the lessons. Despite the well documented risks concerning for example employment, income and health and the vast literature demonstrating the importance of teacher experience to promote successful student outcomes, little attention has been given to both teacher experience of truancy and in-school truants in a Swedish context. This master thesis explores Swedish secondary teachers’ experience of working with in-school truants. Four secondary teachers working on an Introduction Program in Sweden were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Through this analysis six comprehensive themes were constructed: Multifaceted Role- and Responsibility Description, Structure for Security and Consensus, Hope and Credence Embodied, Relationship building Obstacles and Value, Meaningful, Manageable and Rewarding Work and Solidarity as the Solution and Shield. Understanding of the results was deepened through theoretical connections to results that were particularly distinctive. Some of the issues discussed were theories related to work culture, collegial support, self-efficacy, roles, responsibility, relationship building and teacher-student relationships. The results show that the teachers who participated experience their work with this group of students as one with extra demands. Despite extra demands, neither an excess of demands nor unmanageability were experienced. Rather a conviction was evident regarding the possibility to influence these students despite their form of truancy as well as a feeling of purposeful work. This was something which partly distinguished the findings from previous literature found on the subject. The teachers' experiences further suggest that colleagues and work culture constitute important aspects of the work experience. It is also evident that the teachers involved in this study work within a dynamic field where the teacher needs to balance and continuously reflect upon their way of working. Finally, from the teachers’ perspective, in-school truancy was not considered the most problematic or relevant to distinguish from other sorts of truancy. / Inom svenska gymnasieskolor har ogiltig frånvaro blivit ett allt större bekymmer under de senaste elva åren. En specifik form av frånvaro är så kallad in-school truancy (på svenska korridorselever) där eleven i stor utsträckning befinner sig i skolans område men i låg utsträckning går på undervisningen. Trots väl dokumenterade risker avseende bland annat anställning, inkomst och hälsa och den utbredda litteraturen som finns på betydelsen av lärares upplevelse för gynnsamma elev utfall har både lärares upplevelser av frånvaro samt korridorselever fått sparsamt med uppmärksamhet i en svensk kontext. I föreliggande studie undersöktes gymnasielärares upplevelser av att arbeta med korridorselever. Fyra gymnasielärare på ett Introduktionsprogram i Sverige intervjuades. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Av resultatet konstruerades sex övergripande teman: Mångfacetterad roll- och ansvarsbeskrivning, Struktur för trygghet och samsyn, Hopp och tilltro förkroppsligat, Relationsbyggandets hinder och värde, Det meningsfulla, hanterbara och givande arbetet och Gemenskapen som lösning och sköld. Förståelsen av resultatet fördjupades genom att diskuteras i förhållande till studier, däribland har teorier kopplade till arbetskultur, kollegial stöttning, self-efficacy, roller, ansvar, relationsskapande och lärar-elevrelationer lyfts. Resultatet visar att de lärare som deltagit upplever sitt arbete med elevgruppen som ett arbete med extra krav. Trots ökade krav finns inte upplevelsen av överkrav eller ohanterbarhet. Snarare fanns en övertygelse om möjligheten att påverka dessa elever oavsett frånvaro samt känslan av att ha ett meningsfullt arbete. Detta var något som till viss del skiljer resultatet från tidigare litteratur på ämnet. Lärarnas upplevelser antyder vidare att kollegor och arbetskulturen utgör viktiga aspekter av arbetsupplevelsen. Det framkommer även att lärarna i studien arbetar i ett spänningsladdat fält där läraren behöver balansera och kontinuerligt reflektera kring sitt eget arbetssätt. Slutligen, enligt de intervjuade lärarnas upplevelser, framkommer korridorseleverna inte som mer problematiskt eller meningsfullt att skilja på från andra typer av frånvaro.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sergio Luiz de Almeida Ribeiro.pdf: 960554 bytes, checksum: 933a380e14a9abc84a29f86a8f043069 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-24 / This dissertation is about the habeas data and its procedural aspects, as a mean to protect privacy. The main objective of this study is to analyze the usefulness of this feature as a specific instrument for protection of individuals' privacy, as well as to ensure that citizens may control the wrongful use of their personal data through social networks and credit protection institutions. In this sense, the habeas data would not be restricted to obtaining general information or rectifying data before public authorities and private companies. In order to achieve this purpose, and based on the deductive method and bibliographical research, the following topics have been addressed in this paper: historical aspects, concept and objetive of the habeas data, proceedings upon habeas data under Law 9507/1997, and, lastly, controversial aspects on habeas data. As a conclusion, the main criticism developed herein is related to the comparison between the habeas data and the writ of mandamus, which has caused a procedural impact on the Law 9507/97. This Law, that rules the habeas data, changed the primary constitutional objective of it, which was very much related to the protection of privacy and the proceedings to achieve this objective. Another criticism that is addressed herein is related to the rule that imposes to the parties the burden of having an entire administrative process before making use of the habeas data to obtain information or rectify personal data. In theory, this rule refrains the habeas data to become an effective instrument for the avoidance of damages to individuals' privacy caused by credit protection institutions and social networks, for instance / Versa a presente dissertação sobre o instituto do habeas data como tutela jurisdicional da intimidade e seus aspectos processuais. O principal objetivo é analisar a utilidade do referido instituto como instrumento específico de proteção da vida íntima e evidenciar a possibilidade de o indivíduo exercer preventivamente o controle do manuseio indevido de dados pessoais por entidades mantenedoras de bancos dados, como é o caso de redes sociais e órgãos de proteção ao crédito, não se restringindo apenas ao meio processual para obter e/ou retificar informações em entidades mantenedoras de bancos dados, públicas e privadas de caráter público. Para atingir esse propósito, e com o suporte metodológico da abordagem dedutiva e da técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica, os seguintes assuntos foram abordados: aspectos históricos, conceito e escopo do habeas data, o procedimento da ação de habeas data na disciplina da Lei nº 9.507/1997 e, por último, as questões ainda controvertidas acerca do referido instituto. A título de conclusão, a principal crítica que emerge do tema analisado alude à comparação do habeas data ao mandado de segurança, que repercutiu no procedimento adotado por sua norma específica (Lei nº 9.507/1997), afastando assim este remédio constitucional da sua finalidade precípua, qual seja, preservar objetivamente a vida íntima e servir como instrumento processual específico para esse fim. Outra crítica se refere à exigência de o jurisdicionado trilhar e esgotar toda a via administrativa antes de se socorrer do Judiciário, por meio do habeas data, para obtenção de informações e/ou retificação de dados incorretos a seu respeito. Em rigor, tal exigência impede que o habeas data seja instrumento eficaz na prevenção de danos da vida privada perpetrados por órgãos de proteção ao crédito e redes sociais, por exemplo

This diploma thesis deals with the issue of unauthorized economic activities of Ukrainian migrants in the Czech Republic, which in this case are understood as all the economic activities of these migrants, which are in some way contrary to the valid legislation - i.e. both completely illegal and quasi-legal activities. The thesis builds on a number of important theories and concepts, such as the dual labour market theory, network theory, institutional theory, client system, or precarisation. The main objective of this diploma thesis is to describe and structure the phenomenon of unauthorized economic activities of Ukrainian migrants in the Czech Republic. First, the thesis presents the statistical data concerning the studied phenomenon and outlines the legislative anchoring the employment of Ukrainian migrants within the Czech labour market. This is followed by the description of general context of Ukrainian labour migration to the Czech Republic, its main reasons and associated risk factors. Then attention is paid to the very phenomenon of unauthorized economic activities with a main focus on its causes, forms, consequences and possible solutions. In the research part of this diploma thesis, the data are mainly drawn from interviews with experts on the given issue working in different areas -...

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