The purpose of this grounded theory qualitative study was to examine the experiences of college students who defined themselves as high-risk drinkers in order to understand the meaning and purpose that engagement in such a leisure occupation held for them. By examining the world of high-risk drinking, the study also sought to develop an understanding of the impact that high-risk drinking had upon psychosocial development during the college years. Individual open-ended interviews were conducted with four male and four female participants (aged 21 to 27). The data were analyzed by three analysts utilizing constant comparative procedures. The findings revealed an emergent grounded theory indicating high-risk drinking adhere to the serious leisure hobby framework developed by Stebbins (2007). As such, the participants had a long-term time investment with drinking, developed special skills through sustained effort, solidified a unique identity as a hobbyist, found deep meaning and purpose through the hobby, and performed the hobby within a unique and special world in concert with other hobbyists. Their high-risk drinking provided structure and a sense of belongingness within the larger university context. Further, the findings indicate that across time, facilitating factors catalyzed their engagement in the hobby, while the moderating factors became less influential. The participants also believed that their highrisk drinking will easily diminish post-graduation merely by changing their life role and context. iv Envisioning high-risk drinking as a serious leisure hobby, rather than a psychiatric or medical disorder, provides an alternative framework upon which prevention and intervention programming may be focused. Occupational therapist could provide an important health care role on campuses by assisting students to (a) understand the factors underlying the appeal of high-risk drinking, (b) understand the implications that a restricted range of leisure occupations may have upon their health, psychosocial development, and occupational identity, and (c) explore alternative health-producing leisure occupations.

El presente proyecto de una aplicación móvil para estudiantes universitarios muestra la viabilidad de su ejecución en base a la investigación realizada a lo largo del trabajo, la cual permitió detectar que tras analizar el panorama actual, muchos de estos estudiantes encontraban una serie de barreras en la búsqueda de empleos relacionados a sus carreras,. Asimismo, lo anterior se ha visto acrecentado por la pandemia, pues, ha disminuido gran parte de la demanda en el mercado laboral, por lo que se optó por la realización de una aplicación que ayude a los estudiantes universitarios a conseguir prácticas en pequeñas y medianas empresas de una manera más sencilla, eficiente y directa. De esta manera nació SolusJob. SolusJob consiste en una aplicación que sirve como intermediaria entre estudiantes universitarios y empresas que necesiten de servicios específicos, lo cual les dará la posibilidad a los estudiantes de mostrar sus habilidades, dando la posibilidad de brindarles empleo a plazo fijo, con lo cual podrán cumplir con los requerimientos de prácticas pre-profesionales. Para poner en marcha este proyecto se hizo un análisis del mercado, además, se desarrollaron una serie de planes operativos, los cuales contienen una serie de estrategias necesarias para asegurar su viabilidad. / The present project of a mobile application for university students shows the viability of its execution based on the research carried throughout the project, which allowed detecting that after analyzing the current panorama, many of these students faced a series of barriers in the search for jobs related to their careers. Likewise, the above has been increased by the pandemic, since a large part of the demand in the labor market has decreased, so it was decided to carry out an application that helps university students to get internships in small and medium-sized companies in a simpler, more efficient and direct way. In this way, SolusJob was born. SolusJob consists of an application that serves as an intermediary between university students and companies that need specific services, which will give students the possibility to show their skills, giving them the possibility of offering them fixed-term employment, with which they will be able to comply with the requirements of a pre-professional internship. To start this project, a market analysis was carried out, in addition, a series of operational plans were developed, which contain a series of strategies necessary to ensure its viability. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo determinar una solución a la problemática de no poder decidir que carrera reflejada los jóvenes en etapa escolar cursando cuarto y quinto de secundaria incluyendo a los que culminaron secundaria y no iniciaron sus estudios universitarios. El proyecto refleja un modelo de negocio Freemium basado en un servicio dónde el cliente experimenta con la aplicación durante siete días de manera gratuita, en caso sea de su agrado y cumpla con sus expectativas, tiene la opción de adquirir el servicio premium en base a dos planes, uno para alumnos que no tienen en mente ninguna carrera y otro para los que tienen una noción de que estudiar. Este servicio no cuenta con restricciones y ofrece una variedad de herramientas dividida en tres bloques. El desarrollo del trabajo de investigación empieza identificando una necesidad personal en distintos servicios, pero no en uno solo que aplique todos los demás. Por lo tanto, se aplicaron muchas entrevistas para identificar a mayor detalle la situación de los alumnos. Después, se realizó el planteamiento del proyecto al identificar las formas más eficientes de llegar al cliente, se establecieron dos segmentos, alumnos y profesores. Se prepararon los canales y medios de llegada a los dos públicos objetivos para vender mientras se cumplen las metas para poder adaptarse al mercado. Por ende, se realizó un plan financiero para lograr identificar una visión real sobre la rentabilidad y viabilidad del proyecto. / The present research work aims to determine a solution to the issue of not being able to decide which career choose reflected in youths studying in fourth and fifth grade of high school, including those who finished studies and haven’t started college. The project reflects a Freemium business model based on a service where the client interacts with the application for seven days at no cost. If they feel comfortable and meets their expectations, they can invest in two service plans, the first one for students who have no profession in mind and the second one for those who would like to explore requirements for entering a career field. This service has no restrictions and offers a variety of devices divided into three blocks. The development of the research work begins by identifying a personal need in different services, not only in just one but also one that applies to all others. Therefore, a considerable number of interviews were applied to identify meaningful details about the situation of the students. Afterwards, the project was carried out by identifying the efficient ways to reach the client, two segments were established, students and teachers. The channels and media to reach the two target audiences were prepared to market the service while achieving the objectives established to be able to adapt to the market. Therefore, a financial plan was made to identify a real vision about the profitability and viability of the project. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar la relación entre la adicción a redes sociales y rasgos de personalidad en universitarios peruanos. Se contó con la participación de 813 jóvenes y adultos de Lima Metropolitana, cuyas edades oscilaron entre 18 a 36 años (Media = 20.69; DE = 3.94); 18.33 % son varones y 81.67 % son mujeres. Se administró, el Cuestionario de Adicción a Redes Sociales de Escurra y Salas (2014) e Inventario de personalidad “Big Five Inventory-15-P (Dominguez-Lara & Merino-Soto, 2018). Los resultados revelan que existe una gran relación entre la ARS con Responsabilidad, para Neuroticismo, Afabilidad y Extraversión la relación es moderada; para Apertura a la Experiencia, pequeña. Asimismo, las comparaciones según sexo, indican que las puntuaciones en los factores de personalidad son superiores en las mujeres; mientras que, los varones tienen puntuaciones más altas en las dimensiones del ARS. Se discuten los resultados y sus implicancias. / The present study aimed to examine the relationship between addiction to social networks and personality traits in Peruvian university students. 813 young people and adults from Metropolitan Lima participated; whose ages ranged from 18 to 36 years (Mean = 20.69; SD = 3.94); 18.33% are male and 81.67 % are female. The Escurra y Salas (2014) Social Media Addiction Questionnaire and the Personality Inventory “Big Five Inventory-15-P (Dominguez-Lara & Merino-Soto, 2018) were administered. The results reveal that there is a great relationship between SNA and Responsibility, while Neuroticism, Affability and Extraversion correlations are moderate; the lowest relationship is presented by Openess to Experience. Likewise, the comparisons according to sex indicate that the scores in the personality factors are higher in women; while, males have higher scores on the ARS dimensions. However, the magnitude of the difference is small for most. The results and their implications are discussed. / Trabajo de investigación

Research has shown that university students are extra vulnerable to experiencing loneliness because of the social, structural, and behavioral changes associated with starting to study at university. Studies have also shown that different attachment profiles can have an impact on an individual's experience of loneliness. A lot of earlier research has investigated loneliness as one whole concept, so the aim of the present study was to look into both emotional and social loneliness in university students and to understand their relationship with adult attachment. One-hundred and twenty-six university students over 18 years old answered De Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS) and Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) through an online survey. A quantitative between groups design was used to explore the specific aims of the study. For the statistical analysis the participants were divided into four groups based on type and amount of loneliness. The results of the study showed that emotional loneliness was associated with insecure-ambivalent attachment and social loneliness associated with insecure-avoidant attachment. Those with high levels of emotional loneliness had significantly higher levels of insecure-ambivalent attachment compared with those with high levels of social loneliness. Individuals with low levels of both loneliness types, had significantly higher levels of secure attachment and lower levels of insecure attachment compared with the other groups, which indicates that the more securely attached an individual is the less lonely he or she is. / Forskning har visat att universitetsstudenter är extra sårbara vad gäller upplevd ensamhet på grund av de sociala, strukturella och beteendemässiga förändringarna som är associerade med att börja studera på universitet. Studier har även visat att olika typer av anknytnings profiler kan ha en påverkan på en individs upplevda ensamhet. Mycket av den tidigare forskningen har undersökt ensamhet som ett enda koncept, så syftet med denna studie var att undersöka både emotionell och social ensamhet hos universitetsstudenter och förstå deras relation till vuxenanknytning. Deltagarna bestod av 126 universitetsstudenter över 18 år som svarade på De Jong-Gierveld Loneliness Scale (DJGLS) och Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) genom en webb-baserad enkät. En kvantitativ mellangruppsdesign användes för att undersöka studiens specifika syften. För den statistiska analysen delades deltagarna in i fyra grupper baserat på typ och mängd av ensamhet. Resultatet av studien visade att emotionell ensamhet var associerat med otrygg-ambivalent anknytning och social ensamhet var associerat med otrygg-undvikande anknytning. De med höga nivåer av emotionell ensamhet hade signifikant högre nivåer av otrygg-ambivalent anknytning jämfört med de som hade höga nivåer av social ensamhet. Individer som hade låga nivåer av båda typerna av ensamhet, hade signifikant högre nivåer av trygg anknytning och lägre nivåer av otrygg anknytning jämfört med de andra grupperna, vilket tyder på att ju tryggare anknytning man har desto mindre ensam känner man sig.

The purposes of this study were to examine the problems of international students, assess the intensity of these problems, and describe relationships between the intensity of the problems and the following demographic variables: age, gender, number of years in the study of English, number of years living in the United States, grade point average at North Texas State University, major area of study at North Texas State University, and country of origin. International students pragmatically view their sojourn in the United States as an educational experience that will allow them to improve their minds and to travel. Financial concerns were expressed by the desire to work either part time or during vacation periods. As a group, international students do not exhibit concerns which debilitate their movement toward established goals. However, there are individual students who are in need of cultural refraining, communication abilities, and coping skills.

The current study objective was to investigate the interrelationship between five attachment styles (need for approval, preoccupation, discomfort with closeness, relationship as secondary, and confidence), perceived social support from family and friends, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. A total of 133 university students at the Department of Psychology in Umeå University filled out a form with a perceived social support from family and friends questionnaire, a scale on symptoms of anxiety and depression, and an attachment style questionnaire. Correlational analysis revealed a significant relationship between (avoidant) attachment style, discomfort with closeness, and low perception of social support from family and friends, and a significant relationship between (secure) attachment style, confidence, and high perception of social support from family. Furthermore, all five attachment styles were significantly related to symptoms of anxiety and depression, e.g., attachment style confidence was related to low reports of symptoms of anxiety and depression, and attachment style preoccupation was related to higher reports of symptoms of anxiety and depression. Results also showed that the relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression and perceived social support was not significant. Additionally, no mediation of perceived social support from family and friends was found between attachment styles and symptoms of anxiety and depression. It was concluded that individuals with high levels of secure attachment perceive more social support from family and friends than individuals with avoidant attachment style. Moreover, individuals with high levels of insecure and/or avoidant attachment have an increased symptoms of anxiety related to social connection than individuals with high levels of secure attachment. No conclusions could be drawn from no mediation of perceived social support from family and friends on the relationship between attachment style and symptom of anxiety from the current population. Several limitations were discussed. / Syftet med den aktuella studien var att undersöka relationen mellan fem anknytningsmönster (bifallsbehov, relationsfixering, distans, sakorientering, och tillit), uppfattat socialt stöd från familj och vänner, och symtom på ångest och depression. Totalt 133 universitetsstudenter från institutionen för psykologi på Umeå universitet fyllde i ett formulär med en enkät om uppfattat socialt stöd från familj och vänner, en enkät för symtom på ångest och depression, samt en enkät om anknytningsmönster. Korrelationsanalys visade en signifikant relation mellan (undvikande) anknytningsmönster, distans, och låg uppfattning om socialt stöd från familj och vänner, och ett signifikant samband mellan (trygg) anknytningsmönster, tillit, och hög uppfattning om socialt stöd från familj. Dessutom var alla fem anknytningsmönstren relaterade till symtom på ångest och depression, t.ex., anknytningsmönstret, tillit, relaterad   till lägre symtom på ångest och depression, och anknytningsmönstret relationsfixering var relaterade till ökade symtom på ångest och depression. Resultaten visade också att relationen mellan symtom på ångest och depression och uppfattat socialt stöd inte var signifikant. Dessutom fanns ingen mediering genom uppfattat socialt stöd från familj och vänner på relationen mellan anknytningsmönster och symtom på ångest och depression. Slutsatsen var att individer med hög grad av trygg anknytning uppfattar mer socialt stöd från familj och vänner än individer med hög grad av undvikande anknytning. Dessutom att individer med höga nivåer av otrygg och/eller undvikande anknytningsmönster har ökade symtom på ångest relaterade till social förbindelse än individer med hög nivå av trygg anknytningsmönster. Inga slutsatser kunde dras från bristen på mediering genom uppfattat socialt stöd från familj och vänner på relationen mellan anknytningsmönster och symptom på ångest från den nuvarande befolkningen. Flera begränsningar diskuterades.

健康的な食事は生活習慣病の予防となり、若い頃からの推進は重要である。大学生は入学を機に親の保護から離れ、食行動が大きく変化する時期を迎える。健康的な食行動の確立は、心身の健康及び充実した大学生活を送ることにつながる。本研究の目的は健康的な食行動を促進させるために、大学生の食行動に影響する要因を明らかにすることであった。京都市内4大学の大学生23名へのインタビュー調査に基づく質的研究を実施した。本研究は、健康的な食行動プログラムの推進方策の検討に資するものである。 / Healthy diet prevents lifestyle-related diseases, and promoting healthy diet is important for adolescents. University students greatly change their eating behavior when they start living away from family home. Establishing healthy eating behavior leads to good physical and mental health, and fulfilling university life. The purpose of this study was to promote healthy eating behavior by clarifying factors influencing the eating behavior of university students. Qualitative research method based on interviews with 23 university students from four universities in Kyoto was conducted. This study will contribute and help to examine measures of promoting healthy eating behavior program for policy makers. / 博士(政策科学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Policy and Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

Solicitud de embargo por publicación en revista indexada. / El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar la relación entre la adicción a las redes sociales y la soledad en estudiantes universitarios en Lima Metropolitana. La muestra estuvo conformada por 146 estudiantes de nueve universidades privadas de Lima, el 56.1% fueron mujeres y el 43.9% hombres; el rango de edad de los participantes fue de 18 a 30 años, y la edad promedio de 23 años. Se les aplicó el Cuestionario de Adicción a Redes Sociales (ARS) y la Escala de Soledad de De Jong Gierveld. Los resultados indican que la soledad social se relaciona positiva y significativamente con las dimensiones de: obsesión por las redes sociales y falta de control en el uso de las redes sociales; mientras que la soledad emocional correlaciona positiva y significativamente con las tres dimensiones de adicción a las redes sociales. En cuanto a la comparación de los resultados del ARS y de la escala de soledad a través del sexo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los datos, a excepción de una dimensión del ARS. Estos hallazgos podrían contribuir en el diseño de talleres informativos y de prevención sobre la adicción a las redes sociales. / The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship between addiction to social networks on loneliness in university students in Lima. The sample consisted of 146 students from nine private universities in Lima, of which 56.1% were women and 43.9% were men; the age range of the participants was 18 to 30 years, and the average age of the participants was 23 years. The Social Network Addiction Questionnaire (ARS) and the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale were applied to them. Among the results, it was found that the social loneliness is positively and significantly related to the dimensions of obsession with social networks and lack of control in the use of social networks. On the other hand, it was found that emotional loneliness has positively and significantly correlated with the three dimensions of the addiction variable to social networks. / Tesis

El presente trabajo tuvo como finalidad relacionar el sexismo ambivalente y la violencia de género en parejas de jóvenes universitarios. La metodología fue cuantitativa, siendo una investigación transversal de tipo correlacional, utilizando como muestra 262 estudiantes. Se aplicó el Inventario de Sexismo Ambivalente adaptado por Espósito, Muya y Glick (1998) para medir el nivel de sexismo, y la encuesta para la detección de violencia en el noviazgo en jóvenes (EMVN) propuesta por García-Carpintero, Rodríguez-Santero y Porcel-Gálvez (2018) para determinar la violencia ejercida y padecida en las relaciones de parejas jóvenes. Los datos se analizaron mediante tablas de contingencias y una prueba de Chi cuadrado. Como resultados se obtuvo que no existe correlación entre las variables objeto de estudio y que el rango promedio mayor en cuanto a sexismo y violencia de género corresponde a los hombres. / The aim of this paper was to relate ambivalent sexism and gender violence in couples of young university students. The methodology was quantitative, being a cross-sectional research of correlational type, using as sample 162 students. We applied the Inventory of Ambivalent Sexism adapted by Espósito, Muya and Glick (1998) to measure the level of sexism, and the survey for the detection of violence in dating in young people (EMVN) proposed by García-Carpintero, Rodríguez-Santero and Porcel-Gálvez (2018) to determine the violence inflicted and suffered in the relationships of young couples. The data were analyzed using contingency tables and a chi-square test. The results showed that there is no correlation between the variables studied and that the highest average range in terms of sexism and gender violence is found among men. / Tesis