Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:20:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 437426.pdf: 671255 bytes, checksum: d32920d4f6a7e65c17265f357eae8b0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / The study on the form of organization of new social groups emerges with strength, especially, in the end of the decade of 80-90 of the 20th Century. The Sustainable Communities, recurring theme, are configured as a one-way announcement of new possibilities of peaceful coexistence, based on economic issues, either by relational issues, or personal and collective ideals. Signal and represent something that is in contemporary scene, and also as a complaint that life in society needs to offer elements of a more ecological, holistic and harmonious character. This dissertation seeks, in its central base for research, to understand how to operate the authority and autonomy within Sustainable Communities. These were the Community Sustainable Ecological Spiritual Dwelling of Peace - CMP and the Foundation Land Mirim - Center of Light - FTM - CL. The selection was performed with intentionally character , and is justified for the fact that they were spaces of social, environmental and cultural impact, with important coverage local-regionalnational, representing, in the same way, cultures and ways of living in different regions of the Country. Also been used as criteria for the choice: the time of existence of at least five years, the bond of the researcher with the communities to be investigated, the experience in the development of social, environmental and/or educational projects, with local impact, and the willingness to give access to the documents relating to their activities. Morada da Paz with its territory central in the South of Brazil and Earth Mirim in the Northeast. This research?s methodology is based on documentary analysis using as a source the institutional or personal files supplied by the two communities. It is clear that, even though they are located in different locations, and have different time of existence and cultural characteristics, they also have similar items in respect to: its content and organizational challenges experienced. Even in a different context, they experienced the same requirements and similar demands. The standpoint made possible by this experienced investigation are the contributions on the way to look at and how to input may exist to the extent that they build interfaces between the Social Work and all of its corpus methodology, with the socio-environmental manifestations of the social question, expressed in this thesis, through the study of the Sustainable Communities. Another result of the research is the need for greater production of Social Work on the socioenvironmental theme, however it stands out the learning that is in giving visibility to the dialectic be-being that exists between the social worker and be composing as part of a sustainable community and contributing to this area of proclamation and complaint that characterize it. In the research on the processes of the authority and autonomy, it identifies as central to the practice of participatory activities, with and interdisciplinary theoretical basis, universal ethical principles, with cultural and ritualistic basis, applicable to their members and to all those who interact with these communities. These practices show the validation of the legitimately constituted, from the individual and collective knowledges and practices, thus constitute autonomy on the basis of the recognition of oneself and the other. / O estudo sobre a forma de organiza??o de novos agrupamentos sociais emerge com for?a, sobretudo, no final da d?cada de 80-90 do s?culo XX. As Comunidades Sustent?veis, tema recorrente, configuram-se como uma via de an?ncio de novas possibilidades de conviv?ncia, seja por quest?es econ?micas, relacionais, ou de ideal pessoal e coletivo; sinalizam e representam algo que est? no cen?rio contempor?neo tamb?m como den?ncia de que a vida em sociedade carece de oferecer elementos de car?ter mais ecol?gico, hol?stico e harmonioso. Esta disserta??o busca, em sua base central de investiga??o, compreender como se operam a autoridade e a autonomia no interior das Comunidades Sustent?veis. Sendo as comunidades pesquisadas: a Comunidade Sustent?vel Ecol?gica Espiritual Morada da Paz - CMP e a Funda??o Terra Mirim - Centro de Luz - FTM - CL. A sele??o realizada com car?ter intencional se justifica por serem elas espa?os de impacto social, ambiental e cultural de importante abrang?ncia local-regional-nacional, representando, de igual modo, culturas e modos de viver de regi?es diferentes do Pa?s. Al?m do tempo de exist?ncia de no m?nimo cinco anos, o v?nculo do pesquisador com as comunidades a serem investigadas, a experi?ncia no desenvolvimento de projetos sociais, ambientais e/ou educacionais, com impacto local e a disponibilidade para dar acesso aos documentos referentes ?s suas atividades. A Morada da Paz com seu territ?rio central no Sul do Brasil e Terra Mirim no Nordeste. A pesquisa tem como metodologia a an?lise documental, utilizando como fonte os arquivos institucionais particulares ou fontes de domic?lio particular fornecidas pelas duas comunidades. Verifica-se que, muito embora estejam situadas em localidades diferentes, possuem tempo de exist?ncia e caracter?sticas culturais tamb?m diferentes, h? elementos similares no que diz respeito ao conte?do organizacional e aos desafios vividos, que mesmo em contexto dissemelhantes, apontam, entretanto, as mesmas exig?ncias. Os pontos essenciais possibilitados por esta viv?ncia investigativa s?o as contribui??es sobre o modo de olhar e o quanto de aporte pode existir na medida em que se constroem interfaces entre o Servi?o Social e todo o seu corpus metodol?gico, com as manifesta??es socioambientais da quest?o social, expressos, nesta disserta??o, atrav?s do estudo sobre as Comunidades Sustent?veis. Outro resultante da investiga??o ? constatar a necessidade de maior produ??o do Servi?o Social sobre a tem?tica socioambiental, contudo destaca-se a aprendizagem em dar visibilidade ? dial?tica ser-estar existente entre o ser assistente social e o estar compondo como integrante de uma comunidade sustent?vel e contribuindo para este espa?o de an?ncio e den?ncia que as caracterizam. Na investiga??o sobre os processos de autoridade e autonomia, identificam-se como elementos centrais a pr?tica de atividades participativas, com fundamenta??o te?rica interdisciplinar, princ?pios ?ticos universais com base cultural e ritual?stica, aplic?veis aos seus integrantes e a todos aqueles que interagem com estas comunidades. Estas pr?ticas evidenciam a valida??o da autoridade legitimamente constitu?da, a partir dos saberes e fazeres individuais e coletivos, deste modo, constituem a autonomia com base no reconhecimento de si e do outro.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:35:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438376.pdf: 401653 bytes, checksum: 71b508ee48ad226494584a2a12902901 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-29 / Objective: Analyze the lipid profile of patients with SCASSST/Unstable Angina and IAM with no ST-segment elevation (IAMSSST), including the determination of non- HDL-C. Methods: Observational Transversal. Study analyzed data of 1080 admitted patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (IA/IAMSSST at the cardiovascular Intensive care unit at PUCRS-S?o Lucas Hospital between the period of September/1999 and October/2010. Analysis of the lipid profile were realized in the first 24h of the admission. Results: Among the 1080 patients, 51,9% male, 32,9% diabetics, 84,1% presented systemic arterial hypertension,26,1 smokers. In the analyzed sample it was observed that 53,4% of the patients had been using hypolipidemic treatment. At the lipid profile it was observed that 44,8% of patients presented abnormal levels of Triglycerides, 66,6% (men) and 73,3 (women) HDL-C out of goals; 30,2% of patients presented total cholesterol >200mg/dL, and 24,4% had LDL-C >130mg/dl and 51,7% LDL-C >100mg/dL. Among the 1080 patients 182 had triglycerides >200mg/dL associated to LDL-C > 130mg/dL of which, 58 patients (31,9%) presented non-HDL-C >160mg/dL. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrate that the majority of patients with SCA (AI/IAMSSST) had low HDL-C and about half of them presented LDL-C <100mg/dL. The non-HDL-C had been elevated in one third of the patients, associated to elevated triglycerides levels / Introdu??o: A dislipidemia ? um dos principais fatores de risco para a doen?a arterial coronariana, por?m cerca de um ter?o dos pacientes com infarto agudo do mioc?rdio est?o com n?veis de colesterol total e LDL-C normais. H? poucos dados do perfil lip?dico e do n?o-HDL-colesterol (n?o-HDL-C), em pacientes com s?ndrome coronariana aguda sem supradesnivelamento de ST (SCASSST). Objetivo: Analisar o perfil lip?dico de pacientes com SCASSST/Angina Inst?vel e IAM sem supradesnivelamento de ST (IAMSSST), incluindo-se a determina??o do n?o-HDL-C. M?todos: Estudo observacional transversal analisou 1080 pacientes internados com S?ndrome Coronariana Aguda (AI/IAMSSST) na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Cardiovascular do Hospital S?o Lucas-PUCRS, entre setembro/1999 a outubro/2010. Foram realizadas an?lises do perfil lip?dico nas primeiras 24h da admiss?o. Resultados: Entre os 1080 pacientes, 51,9% do sexo masculino, 32,9% diab?ticos, 84,1% apresentavam hipertens?o arterial sist?mica e 26,1% tabagistas. Na amostra analisada, observou-se que 53,4% dos pacientes faziam o uso de tratamento hipolipemiante. Na an?lise do perfil lip?dico observou-se: 44,8% apresentaram n?veis de triglicer?deos anormais; 66,6% (homens) e 73,3% (mulheres) HDL-C fora das metas; 30,2% dos pacientes apresentavam colesterol total >200mg/dL, sendo que 24,4% tinham LDL-C >130mg/dL e 51,7% LDL-C >100mg/dL. Entre os 1080 pacientes, 182 tinham triglicer?deos >200mg/dL associado a LDL-C > 130mg/dL; destes, 58 pacientes (31,9%) apresentavam n?o-HDL-C >160mg/dL. Conclus?o: Os resultados do nosso estudo demonstram que a maioria dos pacientes com SCA (AI/IAMSSST) tinham HDL-C baixo e cerca de metade apresentavam LDL-C <100mg/dL. O n?o-HDL-C esteve elevado em um ter?o dos pacientes associado a n?veis elevados de triglicer?deos.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RomarioCPC_DISSERT.pdf: 2804031 bytes, checksum: de24445f3cd5632ba7fbddbcd387cbaa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07-31 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Materials consisting of perovskite-type oxides (ABO3) have been developed in this work for applications in fuel cell cathodes of solid oxide type (SOFC). These ceramic materials are widely studied for this type of application because they have excellent electrical properties, conductivity and electrocatalytic. The oxides LaMnO3, LaFeO3, LaFe0.2Mn0.8O3 e La0.5Fe0.5MnO3 were synthesized by the method of microwave assisted combustion and after sintering at 800?C in order to obtain the desired phases. The powders were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and voltammetric analysis (cyclic voltammetry and polarization curves). The results obtained by XRF technique showed that the microwave synthesis method was effective in obtaining doping oxides with values near stoichiometric. In general, powders were obtained with particle size less than 0.5 &#956;m, having a porous structure and uniform particle size distribution. The particles showed spherical form, irregular and crowded of varying sizes, according to the analysis of SEM. The behavior of the oxides opposite the thermal stability was monitored by thermogravimetric curves (TG), which showed low weight loss values for all samples, especially those of manganese had its structure. By means of Xray diffraction of the samples sintered at 800?C was possible to observe the formation of powders having high levels of crystallinity. Furthermore, undesirable phases such as La2O3 and MnOx were not identified in the diffractograms. These phases block the transport of oxygen ions in the electrode/electrolyte interface, affecting the electrochemical activity of the system. The voltammetric analysis of the electrocatalysts LF-800, LM-800, LF2M8-800 e L5F5M-800 revealed that these materials are excellent electrical conductors, because it increased the passage of electrical current of the working electrode significantly. Best performance for the oxygen reduction reaction was observed with iron-rich structures, considering that the materials obtained have characteristics suitable for use in fuel cell cathodes of solid oxide type / Materiais constitu?dos de ?xidos do tipo perovskita (ABO3) t?m sido desenvolvidos no presente trabalho para aplica??es em c?todos de c?lulas a combust?vel do tipo ?xidos s?lidos (SOFC). Estes materiais cer?micos s?o amplamente estudados para esse tipo de aplica??o porque apresentam ?timas propriedades el?tricas, condutoras e eletrocatal?ticas. Os ?xidos LaMnO3, LaFeO3, LaFe0,2Mn0,8O3 e La0,5Fe0,5MnO3 foram sintetizados pelo m?todo de combust?o assistida por microondas e logo ap?s sinterizados a 800?C a fim de obter as fases desejadas. Os p?s obtidos foram caracterizados por termogravimetria (TG), difratometria de raios-X (DRX), fluoresc?ncia de raios-X (FRX), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura (MEV) e an?lise voltam?trica (voltametria c?clica e curvas de polariza??o). Os resultados obtidos atrav?s da t?cnica de FRX evidenciam que a escolha do m?todo de s?ntese por microondas foi eficaz na obten??o de ?xidos com valores de dopagens pr?ximos ao estequiom?trico. No geral, foram obtidos p?s com tamanho de part?culas inferiores a 0,5 &#956;m, apresentando estrutura porosa e distribui??o de part?culas uniformes. As part?culas se apresentaram na forma esf?rica, irregular e aglomerada de tamanhos variados, segundo a an?lise de MEV. O comportamento dos ?xidos frente ? estabilidade t?rmica foi monitorado atrav?s das curvas termogravim?tricas (TG), a qual mostrou baixos valores de perdas de massa para todas as amostras, principalmente aquelas que apresentavam o mangan?s em sua estrutura. Por meio da difratometria de raios-X das amostras sinterizadas a 800?C foi poss?vel observar a forma??o de p?s com elevados valores de cristalinidade. Al?m disto, fases indesej?veis como La2O3 e MnOx, n?o foram identificadas nos difratogramas. Estas fases bloqueiam o transporte de ?ons oxig?nio na interface eletrodo/eletr?lito, comprometendo a atividade eletroqu?mica do sistema. A an?lise voltam?trica dos eletrocatalisadores LF-800, LM-800, LF2M8-800 e L5F5M-800 demonstrou que estes materiais s?o ?timos condutores, porque aumentaram a passagem de corrente el?trica do eletrodo de trabalho de forma significativa. Melhor desempenho para a rea??o de redu??o de oxig?nio foi observado com estruturas ricas em ferro, considerando que os materiais obtidos possuem caracter?sticas apropriadas para aplica??o em c?todos de c?lulas a combust?vel de ?xidos s?lidos

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:58:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Augusto CesarVieira Neves Junior.pdf: 2971994 bytes, checksum: e609bbbaf217d220df7b14eb6fba68bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-21 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Minimally processed products are safe and ready to eat, in spite of adding value, has a short life. Edible coatings can be an important tool to ensure the quality and increase the shelf life of minimally processed products, including persimmon. The 'Mikado' variety Persimmon has astringency and need a specific astringency process to get a minimally processed product with quality. Therefore, the objective of this work was to develop and characterize the edible coatings for use in 'Mikado' minimally processed persimmon. It was necessary to determine the exposure time of the fruit to alcohol vapor until the decrease of astringency. It was performed the flowchart for the fresh-cut of persimmon evaluating the quality of the final product. Evaluations of thickness, gas permeability, mechanical properties of coatings applied were also performed. It was also verified the efficiency of use 70% alcohol (7.00 mL ?lcool.Kg-1 fruit) to reduce astringency. There were performed the following analysis: firmness, pH, total soluble solids (? Brix), total titratable acidity, total tannins and weight loss and sensory analysis during the process. These analyses were necessary to determine the time of exposure to the alcohol vapor to decrease the concentration of soluble tannic acids in fruit that it was not tasted by panelists and determine that concentration. It was evaluated persimmon storage with and without coatings. Three experiments were conducted during this work. In the first experiment, it was set up two coatings which were used in the second trial of minimally processed. It was evaluated four different types of coatings: cassava starch, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and bovine gelatin. In the first experiment (edible coating), it was set up two coatings which were used in the experiment of minimally processed. Four different types of coatings were evaluated: cassava starch, sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and bovine gelatin. In the second experiment (astringency reduction) it was defined the time required to keep the fruits in alcohol atmosphere to reduce total soluble tannins tasted by panelists. The times tested were: 10 hours, 36 hours, 55 hours, 83 hours, 107 hours, 130 hours and 155 hours. It was defined a flowchart for persimmon minimally processed. The best coatings applied in minimally processed persimmon were the cassava starch and CMC. The firmness of the fruit remained until to 55 hours of exposure to alcohol vapor. Fruits were exposure to 83 hours or up caused loss firmness below that it is commercially tolerated. The astringency was not tasted by panelists from 55 hours exposure of alcohol vapor. The threshold detection of total soluble tannin in the pulp of fruit was 0.8161 ?g.100g-1. The tannins content decrease with the increasing exposure of fruit to alcohol vapor. The reduction of astringency with 70% alcohol vapor may not be the most indicated method due to high losses in this step (21.76%). The minimally processed fruits treated with CMC coating showed less dark spots in the pulp than the other treatments and all treatments were microbiological adequates. / Produtos minimamente processados s?o produtos seguros e de pronto consumo, que apesar de agregar valor, possui uma vida ?til mais reduzida. Os revestimentos comest?veis podem se constituir em importante ferramenta para garantir a qualidade e estender a vida ?til de produtos minimamente processados, entre eles, o caqui. O caqui Mikado por ser adstringente necessita de um processo adequado de destaniza??o para gerar um produto minimamente processado de qualidade. Diante disto, este trabalho teve como objetivos o desenvolvimento e caracteriza??o de revestimentos comest?veis para a utiliza??o em caqui Mikado minimamente processado, determina??o do tempo necess?rio de exposi??o ao vapor de ?lcool para que o fruto n?o apresente adstring?ncia e elabora??o de um fluxograma para o processamento m?nimo de caqui com avalia??o da qualidade do produto final. Para o desenvolvimento e caracteriza??o dos revestimentos foram realizadas avalia??es de espessura, permeabilidade gasosa, propriedades mec?nica e pr?via sensorial do caqui Mikado minimamente processado tratados com os revestimentos comest?veis. Definiram-se dois revestimentos [amido de mandioca e carboximetilcelulose (CMC)], a partir de quatro revestimentos (amido de mandioca, alginato de s?dio, CMC e gelatina bovina) para serem testados em caqui minimamente processado. Foi tamb?m avaliado o tempo de exposi??o ao vapor de ?lcool a 70% (7mL de ?lcool.Kg-1 de fruto), por meio de an?lises f?sicas, qu?micas e sensoriais. Tais analises foram necess?rias para determinar o tempo de exposi??o ao vapor de ?lcool que diminuiria a concentra??o de ?cido t?nico sol?vel nos frutos at? que este n?o fosse mais sensorialmente percept?vel, determinando esta concentra??o e verificando-se se o fruto tinha firmeza adequada ao minimamente processado. Desta forma, foi poss?vel determinar o limiar de detec??o dos taninos sol?veis (0,8161?g.100g-1) e o tempo de exposi??o ao vapor de ?lcool mais adequado para o processamento m?nimo, que provavelmente estava entre 55 e 83 horas, sendo que os tempos testados foram de: 10 horas; 36 horas; 55 horas; 83 horas; 107 horas; 130 horas; e 155 horas. A firmeza dos frutos se manteve adequada at? as 55 horas de exposi??o ao ?lcool, sendo que um tempo igual ou superior a 83 horas de exposi??o causou perda de firmeza a um n?vel abaixo do tolerado comercialmente. Por fim foi obtido um fluxograma da produ??o de caqui Mikado minimamente processado e avaliado o armazenamento com e sem revestimentos, sendo realizado para isto analises f?sicas, qu?micas, microbiol?gicas e sensoriais ao longo do per?odo de armazenamento de 10 dias. Para a realiza??o deste experimento (processamento m?nimo de caqui) utilizou-se revestimentos de amido de mandioca e de CMC, e o tempo de destaniza??o foi de 70 horas. Verificou-se que a destaniza??o neste tempo pode n?o ser a mais adequada devido ?s altas perdas verificadas nesta etapa (21,76% dos frutos n?o se mostraram adequados ao processamento m?nimo). Os frutos minimamente processados tratados com revestimento de CMC apresentaram-se com menos manchas na polpa que os demais tratamentos e todos os tratamentos mostraram-se adequados microbiologicamente.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:12:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Omar Souza Nicolau.pdf: 2729935 bytes, checksum: eb8a202ed2c7218ce40017550b9ec376 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work aims to present environmental issues that emerged in Caravelas between 2002 and 2006. Two proposals are being dispute in the city: the establishment of a protected area of sustainable use versus a large shrimp farming project. These two enterprises are proposed within the same area, thus unabling the realization of both. Within this scenario, different local agents made efforts to mobilize the local community in order to support one or another proposal. This dissertation is a narrative on these agent s efforts, also evaluating their actions on truth disputes in place. These different agents, with include representatives from local municipal government, environmental non-governmental organizations (NGOs), the environmental federal agency (Ibama) and local traders, disposed themselves to mobilized the local community, lead to a situation of opposition: each action from one group of agents led to a reaction from the opposite group, forming a complex dynamics of reactive actions. This dispute grows up to involving other agents, such as representatives of the Federal Senate, State Government of Bahia, State Government of Esp?rito Santo, Public Prosecutor Bureau and local and the local and regional media. Futhermore, my insertion as a reasercher and, at the same time, activist from one of the two disputing permeate this study, influencing the narrative presented herein. / Este trabalho pretende apresentar as quest?es ambientais que se revelaram em Caravelas entre os anos de 2002 e 2006. H? duas propostas em disputa no munic?pio: a de uma Unidade de Conserva??o de Uso Sustentado; e outra, um mega-projeto de carcinicultura. A ?rea de ambos os empreendimentos se sobrep?em inviabilizando a realiza??o concomitante dos dois projetos. Neste cen?rio, diferentes agentes locais envidaram esfor?os para a mobiliza??o da comunidade caravelense para ades?o de uma ou outra proposta. A disserta??o narra o esfor?o dos agentes nesse processo, avaliando as a??es impetradas pelos mesmos na disputa pelas verdades que ora se encontram em jogo. Estes diferentes agentes, que incluem desde o poder p?blico municipal, ONGs de cunho ambientalista, Ibama at? comerciantes locais, se dispuseram a contribuir na mobiliza??o comunit?ria que se edificou e se comp?s em oposi??o: a cada dispositivo acionado por um grupo de agentes, impunha uma atua??o em resposta do outro grupo polarizado, constituindo uma din?mica complexa de a??es reativas. Esta disputa avan?a e se amplia envolvendo outros agentes tais como o Senado Federal, O governo do Estado da Bahia, do esp?rito Santo, o Minist?rio P?blico Estadual e Federal, a m?dia local e de outros estados. Ademais, a minha inser??o como pesquisador e ao mesmo tempo militante de um dos p?los da disputa tamb?m permeia todo o trabalho, explicitando as dificuldades e oportunidades que o fazer do trabalho acad?mico e a a??o pol?tica influenciaram mutuamente na produ??o da disserta??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Fernando Cesar da Veiga Neto.pdf: 2745669 bytes, checksum: bcdb8bd5fbdff78fe5f64f0827ab85d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The goal of this thesis is to analyze the institutional construction of environmental services markets and its implications for sustainable rural development in Brazil. This market development process, considered by many as one of the most innovative processes related to environmental conservation, particularly those associated with carbon, water and biodiversity, has been assuming an increasing role on the international scene, especially within the context of discussions on sustainable development, climate change, water supply and biodiversity conservation. The central hypothesis that guided this work was that environmental services markets have a great potential to generate economic, social and environmental benefits toward rural development in the country, whether through direct payments to landowners, other economic incentives or local pro-development actions (jobs and income) generated by the projects and their activities. To test the hypothesis, the study assessed the state-ofthe- art of these markets at the national and international levels. In the case of Brazil, a literature review and case studies were conducted to assess the institution building processes, the stakeholders involved, the main barriers found and the potential benefits cited above. The economic theories used in the work were Ecological Economics, through the concepts of limits to growth and critical natural capital; Neoclassical Economics and its economic instruments based on externalities and the development of property rights, and the New Institutional Economics to address the market development and associated transactions costs. The thesis concluded that, based on international experiences combined with diverse experiences at an incipient stage in the country, it seems that there is arising a new market for Brazilian landowners that we can generally call an environmental services market. This new market has the potential to generate positive environmental, social and economic impacts and also to reduce the tensions between rural economic development and conservation of Nature. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a constru??o institucional dos mercados de servi?os ambientais e suas implica??es para o desenvolvimento rural no pa?s. O movimento de cria??o e constru??o destes mercados, considerado por muitos, como o que vem acontecendo de mais inovador nestes anos recentes em rela??o ? conserva??o ambiental, particularmente aqueles relacionados com o carbono, com a ?gua e com a biodiversidade, vem ocupando um papel crescente no panorama internacional, sendo parte fundamental nas discuss?es sobre desenvolvimento sustent?vel, mudan?as clim?ticas e outras grandes quest?es ambientais, como o abastecimento de ?gua e as perdas irrevers?veis da biodiversidade. A hip?tese central que guiou este trabalho foi a de que os mercados de servi?os ambientais t?m um grande potencial de gera??o de benef?cios econ?micos, sociais e ambientais ao desenvolvimento rural no pa?s, tanto na forma de pagamentos diretos, quanto na forma de outros incentivos econ?micos ou ainda atrav?s de a??es pr?-desenvolvimento local (emprego e renda) decorrentes dos projetos benefici?rios dos pagamentos. Para tanto, o estudo realizou um mapeamento do estado da arte destes mercados em todo o mundo, seu est?gio de desenvolvimento, e no caso brasileiro, a partir dos estudos de caso, seus processos de constru??o institucional, os principais atores envolvidos, as principais barreiras encontradas para seu estabelecimento e os potenciais benef?cios citados acima. As refer?ncias econ?micas te?ricas utilizadas foram a economia ecol?gica, no qual a import?ncia dos limites ao crescimento e a relev?ncia do conceito de capital natural e as quest?es de escala e distribui??o s?o centrais para a an?lise; a economia neocl?ssica e o seu instrumental de mecanismos econ?micos baseados nos conceitos de externalidades e na cria??o de direitos de propriedade, e a nova economia institucional, para tratar da an?lise do desenvolvimento dos mercados e dos custos de transa??o associados.O trabalho conclui que, baseado nas experi?ncias internacionais aliadas ?s diversas experi?ncias em est?gios iniciais no pa?s, podemos afirmar que parece haver uma tend?ncia bastante forte de desenvolvimento de um novo mercado para os produtores rurais brasileiros, chamado genericamente de mercado de servi?os ambientais, mercado este capaz de gerar novos impactos positivos ambientais, sociais e econ?micos; e potencialmente capaz de reduzir as tens?es entre o desenvolvimento econ?mico rural e a conserva??o da natureza.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:13:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Antonio Ricardo Pereira de Andrade.pdf: 10505908 bytes, checksum: 9e4dd86b114780d4f7c3264b5c14d5a7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-26 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / It investigates the relationships that involve culture, tradition and sustainability in the territory of the Potiguara Indians in Brazil, starting from previous studies on the local environmental, on general ethnographic observations and specifically on the analysis of the histories of life of native people, extrapolating occasionally towards a parallel synthesis of the historical evolution of the western civilization and of present global condition, in terms of those mentioned relationships, which manifest in another dimension of the same problems observed on the micro-region of influence of the Potiguara Indians. The reflections involve, more carefully, the concepts of popular cultures x hegemonic culture proposed by Garc?a Canclini, the concept of traditional populations just as proposed by Diegues, the notion of sustainable development suggested by the World Commission (of UN) on Environment and Development and the debate between ethnic borders and identity, updated recently by Fredrik Barth, although embryonic in the social-anthropological and psychosocial thought as revealed, for instance and, somewhat, more categorically in Marx's and Freud s converging approaches, starting respectively from the economical and territorial disputes and from that of innate instinctive drives economy and their specific patterns of accommodation in the several stages of a civilization process and Norbert Elias' controversial approach assuming that of such tensions tend to be related more closely to the cultural system, and symbolic disputes. In synthesis, we ended for appreciating an extraordinary, although not so surprising, similarity between the central conditions and the derived problems of the current and effervescent Potiguara society in the search of its paradoxical civilized/traditional utopia and what could called, reviving the social-psychological intents of the Freudian maturity, the new and contusing discontents with global civilization. / Investiga as rela??es entre cultura, tradi??o e sustentabilidade no territ?rio dos ?ndios potiguara na Para?ba, partindo de estudos anteriores ali realizados sobre a quest?o ambiental, de observa??es etnogr?ficas gerais e especificamente da an?lise de hist?rias de vida de nativos potiguara. As an?lises extrapolam, quando necess?rio, o eixo local para realizar uma s?ntese paralela da evolu??o hist?rica da civiliza??o ocidental, sob o ponto de vista da tem?tica em apre?o, e das condi??es globais na atualidade, que parecem manifestar, numa outra dimens?o, os mesmos problemas vivenciados na micro-regi?o de influ?ncia dos ?ndios potiguara. As reflex?es envolvem mais detidamente os conceitos de culturas populares x cultura hegem?nica propostos por Garc?a Canclini, o conceito de popula??es tradicionais tal como proposto por Diegues, a no??o de desenvolvimento sustent?vel sugerida pela Comiss?o Mundial (da ONU) sobre Meio Ambiente e Desenvolvimento. Envolve tamb?m, o debate entre fronteiras ?tnicas e identidade, atualizado recentemente por Fredrik Barth, embora embrion?rio no pensamento s?cio-antropol?gico e psicossocial tal como revelam as abordagens de Marx e Freud. Tais abordagens confluem, respectivamente, a partir do caminho das disputas econ?micas e territoriais e do caminho da economia das puls?es instintivas inatas e seus padr?es espec?ficos de acomoda??o para justificar as diversas etapas do processo civilizat?rio. Nesta mesma linha debate-se a abordagem de Norbert Elias que, de alguma forma, tenta recolocar o problema das fronteiras ?tnicas no ?mbito meramente cultural, das disputas simb?licas. Em s?ntese, conclu?mos por apreciar uma extraordin?ria, embora n?o t?o surpreendente, semelhan?a entre as condi??es centrais e os problemas derivados da atual e efervescente sociedade potiguara na busca de sua paradoxal utopia civilizat?ria/tradicional e o que poder?amos chamar, retomando os arroubos s?ciopsicol?gicos da maturidade freudiana, de um novo e contundente mal estar na civiliza??o global.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:18:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Vinicius Villas Boas de Brito.pdf: 2268646 bytes, checksum: e949027c863bdba33b474d06d53aaebc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-29 / Six different frames of low cost external skeletal fixators used in veterinary orthopedics were submitted to mechanical evaluation of the axial compression. The apparatuses were separated in two different models, one with wooden connection bars (Pinnus ellioti) and another with PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) connection bars. Tubes of polyvynil chloride (PVC) were used to simulate the bone model. Each model were respresented by frames elaborated in typo Ib configuration, with eight insertion pins (four per fragment/ two per connection bar in each fragment), 12 insertion pins (six per fragment/ three per connections in each fragment) and 16 insertion pins (eight per fragment/ four per connection bar in each fragment). We have employed a universal essay machine, model 4204, Instron, at a two cm/min speed to submit the models to axial compression force tests and thus calculate their stiffness, safety load and yield point. Within the results, stiffness increase with a higher number of insertion pins; significant difference between the two models of connection bars is not detected. Otherwise the strength necessary to promote a one milimeter displacement at the fracture gap (safety load) is higher at the wooden connection bars apparatuses; this value also increases if the number of fixation pins is elevated, except if we compare frames with 12 insertion pins (six per fragment/ three per connections in each fragment) and 16 insertion pins (eight per fragment/ four per connection bar in each fragment). The strength necessary to promote a permanent deformation at the apparatuses (yield point) do not show significant statistic difference. / Foram submetidos ? avalia??o mec?nica de compress?o axial seis diferentes conforma??es de fixadores esquel?ticos externos de baixo custo para aplica??o em ortopedia veterin?ria. Os aparelhos se diferenciavam em dois modelos, um com barras de conex?o de madeira (Pinnus ellioti) e outro com barras de conex?o de resina acr?lica autopolimeriz?vel. Foram utilizados tubos de policloreto de vinila (PVC) para simular os fragmentos ?sseos. Cada modelo possu?a aparelhos montados na configura??o tipo Ib, com oito pinos de inser??o (quatro por fragmento/ dois por barra de conex?o em cada fragmento), 12 pinos de inser??o (seis por fragmento/ tr?s por barra estabilizadora em cada fragmento) e 16 pinos de inser??o (oito por fragmento/ quatro por barra de conex?o em cada fragmento). Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ? for?a de compress?o axial pela m?quina de ensaio universal, modelo 4204, Instron, a velocidade de dois cm/min. Sendo mensurados a rigidez, carga m?xima de seguran?a e o ponto de escoamento. De acordo com os resultados, a rigidez aumenta de forma diretamente proporcional ao incremento no n?mero de pinos de inser??o; n?o ? observada diferen?a significativa entre os dois tipos de barras de conex?o. Por?m o valor de for?a necess?ria para causar um deslocamento de um mil?metro no foco de fratura (carga m?xima de seguran?a) ? mais elevado nos aparelhos com barras de conex?o de madeira; esse valor aumenta tamb?m com o incremento do n?mero de pinos de inser??o, excetuando-se quando se compara aparelhos com 12 pinos de inser??o (seis por fragmento/ tr?s por barra estabilizadora em cada fragmento) e 16 pinos de inser??o (oito por fragmento/ quatro por barra de conex?o em cada fragmento). J? os valores da for?a necess?ria para causar uma deforma??o permanente nos aparelhos (ponto de escoamento) n?o apresentaram diferen?a estatisticamente significativa.

Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-03-23T11:25:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Jos? Adilson Gon?alves de Souza.pdf: 1218745 bytes, checksum: 84625bf13e0c0adf4f55d188a675635b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T11:25:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Jos? Adilson Gon?alves de Souza.pdf: 1218745 bytes, checksum: 84625bf13e0c0adf4f55d188a675635b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-26 / The full formation of professionals on agricultural area consists on the possibility to insert pedagogical practices of learning in the Agriculture Technic Course?s students, as a strategic factor on the sustainable social development of a country, being decisive in the construction of their cultural, scientific and technological identity. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the student?s knowledge construction using the Projects Methodology in the direct seeding system of lettuce, in order to contribute to the knowledge construction of these professionals and also to provide technological information that will subsidize the increase of lettuce?s production and quality. The study was managed at IFFluminense ? campus Bom Jesus of Itabapoana-RJ, with the participation of the students of Concomitant Agriculture Technic Course. So the experiment with lettuce cultivation on direct seeding system was implanted in two stages: in the first one, it was done the plantation of plant species for mulch formation and, in the second stage, 25 days after the plant species lodging, the lettuce seedlings were transplanted. In the first stage, the mass production of dry matter in the aerial part of the species was evaluated, while in the second stage it was evaluated the phytosociological survey of weeds on the 21st day after the transplantation and the lettuce production characteristics. All along the study, analysis tool was used to monitor the knowledge gains, both transmitted and acquired, through questionnaires and reports obtained during the conduction of field experiment with the lettuce cultivation. The highest mass production of dry matter in cover crops was obtained with the treatment using corn species. The species of cover crops which promoted greater reduction on weeds infestation, compared to the conventional plantation, were the following treatments: cowpea + corn; crotalaria + corn; cowpea + wheat. When checking the weight of fresh mass of the aerial part of the lettuce, the treatments that had better results were the conventional plantation and the one with crotalaria. When analyzing the several teaching methods, it was found that the best one was the projects methodology, with 90% of acceptance. When checking the students? performance level in terms of fulfilling the objectives that were set to them, in the first and in the second stage of the experiment it was found that 70% and 90%, respectively, clearly overcame the objectives. The students? interaction with the project contributed to the construction of learning and socialization with the practical realities proposal. Therefore, the students observed that the direct seeding system of the lettuce was viable and efficient in the study, besides having a positive effect on the productivity and low impact upon the soil and on the environment / A forma??o plena de profissionais da ?rea agr?cola consiste na possibilidade de inserir pr?ticas pedag?gicas de aprendizagem aos estudantes do Curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria, como fator estrat?gico no desenvolvimento social sustent?vel de um pa?s, sendo decisivo na constru??o da sua identidade cultural, cient?fica e tecnol?gica. Nesse trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a constru??o de conhecimentos dos discentes utilizando a Metodologia de Projetos no sistema de plantio direto de alface, de modo a contribuir na constru??o de conhecimento desses profissionais e, tamb?m, disponibilizar informa??es tecnol?gicas que ir?o subsidiar o aumento da produ??o e qualidade da alface. O trabalho foi conduzido no IFFluminense ? campus Bom Jesus do Itabapoana-RJ, com a participa??o dos estudantes do Curso T?cnico em Agropecu?ria concomitante. Assim, foi implantado um experimento com a cultura de alface em sistema de plantio direto em duas fases: na primeira fase, foi realizado o plantio de esp?cies de plantas para forma??o da cobertura morta e, na segunda fase, ap?s 25 dias do acamamento das esp?cies de plantas, foram transplantadas as mudas de alface. Na primeira fase, foi avaliada a produ??o de massa de mat?ria seca da parte a?rea das esp?cies. J? na segunda fase, foram avaliados o levantamento fitossociol?gico das plantas espont?neas, aos 21 dias ap?s o transplantio, e as caracter?sticas de produ??o da alface. Foi utilizado, ao longo do trabalho, ferramenta de an?lise e acompanhamento de ganhos de conhecimentos transmitidos e adquiridos atrav?s de question?rio e relat?rios obtidos na condu??o de experimento de campo com a cultura de alface. A maior produ??o da massa de mat?ria seca das plantas de cobertura foi com o tratamento da esp?cie de planta milho. As esp?cies de plantas de cobertura que promoveram maior redu??o da infesta??o de plantas espont?neas, em rela??o ao plantio convencional, foram os tratamentos feij?o-mi?do + milho; crotal?ria + milho; feij?o-mi?do + trigo. Ao verificar o peso da massa fresca da parte a?rea da alface, os tratamentos que apresentaram melhores resultados foram o plantio convencional e a crotal?ria. Ao analisar os v?rios m?todos de ensino, verificou-se que o melhor m?todo de aprendizagem foi a metodologia de projetos com 90% aceita??o. Ao verificar o n?vel de desempenho dos alunos em termos de cumprimento dos objetivos que lhe foram fixados, na primeira e segunda fase do experimento, constatou-se que 70% e 90%, respectivamente, superaram claramente os objetivos que foram fixados. A intera??o dos estudantes com o projeto contribuiu para a constru??o da aprendizagem e socializa??o com a realidade pr?tica proposta. Assim, os estudantes constataram que o sistema de plantio direto de alface foi vi?vel e eficiente no estudo e tem efeito positivo na produtividade e baixo impacto sobre o solo e o ambiente.

Submitted by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-12T16:29:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoGondinhodeOliveiraDissertacao2015.pdf: 1064516 bytes, checksum: 20c4b0964249cf25258e28d01761cc50 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sara Ribeiro (sara.ribeiro@ucb.br) on 2017-04-12T16:29:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoGondinhodeOliveiraDissertacao2015.pdf: 1064516 bytes, checksum: 20c4b0964249cf25258e28d01761cc50 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-12T16:29:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoGondinhodeOliveiraDissertacao2015.pdf: 1064516 bytes, checksum: 20c4b0964249cf25258e28d01761cc50 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-01 / In the present work, it aims to examine the tax aspects of commercial ICMS with the new direct electronic trade, M-Commerce, of B2C, and the reflexes caused mainly to the State public funds. As this form of trade has increased in the last years, the State has been much worried about its tax regulation in order to framing, in an egalitarian way, the suppliers of intangible goods that act in the Worldwide Web and the consumers who use this sales channel. This work searches its implications in the economy and national market, as there is no legal provision that works effectively on several elements that exist in the electronic trade and that assure legal certainty and fair taxation to the suppliers including those that do not trade their goods through the Worldwide Web with M-Commerce.Above all, when such goods have no physical support, as there are no appropriate devices from the Tax Authorities to frame these transactions in the same way of the classical trade. For this, the necessary concepts are studied to understand the electronic mobile trade and its models of negotiation, establishing a relation with the tax legal system of Brazil and a criticism to the proposal of taxation on the destiny of the goods, as well as, the behavior of the commerce ICMS. At last, the work addresses the possible solutions to manage both the losses in the collection of commerce ICMS and the admission of egalitarian treatment to the taxpayers of this tax. / No presente trabalho, busca-se examinar os aspectos tribut??rios do ICMS mercantil com o novo com??rcio eletr??nico m??vel, o M-Commercedireto do tipo B2C, e os reflexos causados, principalmente, aos cofres p??blicos estaduais. Como essa modalidade comercial tem crescido nos ??ltimos anos, o Estado tem se preocupado pouco ou quase nada com sua regulamenta????o tribut??ria, para enquadrar de forma ison??mica os fornecedores de bens intang??veis atuantes por meio da Rede Mundial de Computadores e dos consumidores que usufruem desse canal de vendas. Busca-se estudar as suas implica????es na economia e no mercado nacional, j?? que n??o h?? previs??o legal que regule de forma eficaz sobre diversos elementos presentes no com??rcio eletr??nico m??vel e que configure seguran??a jur??dica e justi??a fiscal aos fornecedores, inclusive ??queles que n??o comercializam suas mercadorias peloM-Commerce, sobretudo, quando essas mercadorias n??o possuem suporte f??sico, j?? que n??o existem mecanismos apropriados pelo Fisco para enquadrar essas transa????es da mesma maneira que o com??rcio cl??ssico. Para tanto, s??o estudados os conceitos necess??rios para compreender o com??rcio eletr??nico m??vel e seus modelos de negocia????o, estabelecendo uma rela????o com o sistema jur??dico tribut??rio do Brasil e uma cr??tica a proposta de tributa????o no destino, bem como o comportamento do ICMS mercantil. Por derradeiro, o trabalho indica as solu????es poss??veis para contornar tanto as perdas na arrecada????o com o ICMS mercantil, bem como as consequ??ncias quanto ?? admiss??o de tratamento ison??mico aos contribuintes desse imposto.