Aux XVIe et XVIIe siècles, avec la lecture des œuvres d’Achille Tatius et Héliodore d’Émèse, auteurs grecs des premiers siècles de l’ère chrétienne, les auteurs espagnols redécouvrent un genre particulier qui sera qualifié tantôt de romand’aventures, tantôt de roman byzantin. Tant l’appellation de roman que la qualification de byzantin sont fautives puisqu’il s’agit en fait de récits poétiques ou en prose antérieurs à la fin du IVe siècle, c’est-à-dire antérieurs à ce qu’il est convenud’appeler historiquement l’ère byzantine. Pour notre part, nous retiendrons l’appellation de roman néo-hellénistique ou roman néo-grec espagnol – voire « roman baroque », à l’instar de Georges Molinié1 – pour qualifier le nouveau genreromanesque créé à partir de ces récits. Nous voyons dans ce genre le développement d’une littérature en adéquation avec les exigences éthiques et esthétiques de l’« utile dulci » horacien. Influencé par le contexte politico-religieux de la Contre-Réforme, le roman néo-grec espagnol ou roman baroque expose de manière plus ou moins patente le thème de la diatribe à propos du libre arbitre et de la prédestination. Le rôle joué au cœur de ces romans par la Providence et le Destin, en particulier sous leur forme emblématique, semble empreint de l’enseignement des dogmes catholiques défendus lors du Concile de Trente. Dans les quatre ouvrages du corpus (El peregrino en su patria de Lope de Vega, Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda de Miguel de Cervantès, Historia de Hipólito y Aminta de Francisco de Quintana, El Criticón de Baltasar Gracián), le problème du déterminisme et celui du salut sont de nombreuses fois soulevés. Cela se produit soit dans des discussions entre les personnages, soit dans le cours même de l’intrigue par l’apparition de phénomènes de prédiction astrologique ou autre mettant en cause les notions de Fortune et de Destin. De la même façon, les personnages, par leur manière d’être et d’agir, évoquent la notion de libre arbitre soulignant ainsi l’importance des actes qu’ils accomplissent pour assurer leur salut. / In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, thanks to the writings of Achilles Tatiusand Heliodorus of Emesa, two Greek authors who lived the first centuries of the Christian era, the Spanish writers rediscover a new particular genre. Those books are either labeled as adventure novels or Byzantine novels. Both the terms “novel” and “Byzantine” are inadequate since those books deal with storylines in prose or in verse dating back to the end of the fifth century, that is to say prior to what is commonly and historically termed as the Byzantine era. We will stick to the expressions “Spanishand Greek novel” or “Baroque novel” as taken up by Georges Molinié in order to label this new fictional genre in which we can perceive the development of a literature more in terms with the ethic and a esthetic standards of the Horacian « utile dulci ».Influenced by the political and religious frame of the Counter Reformation, the Spanish and Greek novel or « Baroque novel » exposes in an underlying way the theme of the diatribe about free will and predestination. The role played byProvidence and Fate in those novels, in particular under their emblematic form, is revealing of the Catholic dogmas defended during the Council of Trent. In the four books of the corpus (El peregrino en su patria by Lope de Vega, Los trabajos de Persiles y Sigismunda written by Miguel de Cervantes, Historia deHipólito y Aminta by Francisco de Quintana, Baltasar Gracian’s El Criticón) the issues of determinism and salvation are being raised. This occurs either during thedialogues, or in the development of the plot through the appearance of phenomena of astrological prediction or of other natures dealing with the notions of Fortune and Destiny. In the same way, the characters – through the way they act and behave –evoke the notion of free will, thus underlining the importance of the actions they accomplish in order to secure their salvation.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Elias Pavani.pdf: 1086012 bytes, checksum: d5c1abf926843beb6b839505a6efd0f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-17 / The paperwork deals with offices, in particular, the limits imposed by legal system about at-will appointment to their candidate. The study starts from the analysis of public administration in Brazil, its characteristics and the implemented reforms over the years in order to improve it and to overcome rooted patrimonial practices in the Brazilian state. After examining the offices in general, the approach rests on the at-will appointments, the reason for its existence, the discipline afforded to them under national legal system, as well as the limits prescribed by law or arising from the constitutional principles on the appointment to their future occupants. This term paper deals with the control being exercised by the Public Administration itself, the Legislative (either directly or with the aid of the Court of Auditors) or by the Judiciary in relation to the appointment act and it seeks to identify possibilities of illegality (in the broadest sense) of that act, either for an offense against law or principles. The study points out that, unlike the understanding enshrined in binding precedent n. 13 of the Supreme Court, the appointment of relatives to offices, a practice known as nepotism, does not necessarily imply in offense to constitutional principles. The conclusion reached is in the sense that, in the absence of a formal law about the requirements to be met by the future occupant of an office, only the examination of the case peculiarities allows identifying potential harm to the Federal Constitution. / O trabalho aborda os cargos públicos de provimento em comissão, em especial, os limites impostos pelo ordenamento jurídico quanto à nomeação dos seus titulares. O estudo tem início a partir da análise da Administração Pública no Brasil, suas características e as reformas implementadas ao longo dos anos com o propósito de aprimorá-la e de superar práticas de natureza patrimonialista enraizadas no Estado brasileiro. Após o exame dos cargos públicos de uma forma geral, a abordagem recai sobre os cargos comissionados, a razão de sua existência, a disciplina a eles conferida pelo ordenamento jurídico nacional, bem como os limites previstos em lei ou decorrentes dos princípios constitucionais à nomeação dos seus futuros ocupantes. O trabalho trata do controle a ser exercido pela própria Administração Pública, pelo Poder Legislativo (diretamente ou com o auxílio do Tribunal de Contas) ou pelo Poder Judiciário em relação ao ato de nomeação, e busca identificar as hipóteses de ilegalidade em sentido amplo de tal ato, seja por ofensa à lei ou a princípios jurídicos. O estudo aponta que, diferentemente do entendimento consagrado na Súmula Vinculante n. 13 do Supremo Tribunal Federal, a nomeação de parentes para cargos de provimento em comissão, prática conhecida como nepotismo, não implica, necessariamente, ofensa a princípios constitucionais. A conclusão a que se chega é no sentido de que, inexistindo lei em sentido formal a respeito dos requisitos a serem atendidos pelo futuro ocupante de um cargo comissionado, apenas o exame das peculiaridades do caso concreto permite identificar eventual ofensa à Constituição Federal.

Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) foi um filósofo, jornalista e educador. Atualmente seu nome está associado ao movimento Camphill de educação curativa, sua arquitetura, vários estudos sobre religião, à agricultura biodinâmica, à medicina antroposófica e à pedagogia Waldorf. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é investigar a contribuição e validade das concepções sobre o querer, o sentir e o pensar de Rudolf Steiner para os estudos literários. Espera-se contribuir para a ressignificação do papel da literatura como força impulsora na mediação entre o sentimento e a razão para o desenvolvimento e constituição do pensar conceitual e formação do ser harmônico e integral. Esta tese contém uma introdução e seis capítulos. O capítulo 1 dá uma ideia geral do contexto de Rudolf Steiner e trata de sua formação, carreira, interesses profissionais, bem como sobre algumas possíveis influências sobre seu pensamento. O capítulo 2 apresenta as concepções do homem, do querer, do sentir e do pensar que aparecem na obra Filosofia da Liberdade e suas relações com outros estudos do autor. Discute também a importância da arte e das narrativas para a formação do ser humano integral, harmônico e espiritualmente livre. O capítulo 3 compara as ideias de Steiner acerca do pensar, da criança, das narrativas com as concepções de Edgar Morin e Walter Benjamin. Também apresenta indicações de narrativas propostas por seguidores de Steiner. O capítulo 4 apresenta a metodologia e as obras utilizadas na experiência estética de recepção de leitura desenvolvida com ex-alunos formados pela pedagogia Waldorf e ex-alunos formados por outras pedagogias. O capítulo 5 discute os resultados da pesquisa. O capítulo 6 apresenta algumas considerações finais sobre o assunto. / Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) was a philosopher, journalist and educator. Nowadays his name is usually associated with the Camphill moviment of curative education, architecture, biodynamical agriculture, the anthroposophical medicine, several studies on religion and the Waldorf education. The aim of this research is to examine the contribution and validity of Rudolf Steiners concepts of willing, feeling and thinking that may be seen in literary studies. This work is expected to render some contrtibution to resignifying the role of literature as a thrust in mediating feelings and reason in order to develop and constitute conceptual thinking as well as in forming a harmonious and wholesome being. This thesis contains an introduction and six chapters. Chapter 1 provides a general overlook of Steiners context and deals with his background, career, professional interests as well as some of the possible influences he received. Chapter 2 studies Steiners concepts of man, willing, feeling and thinking presented in his work The Philosophy of Freedom as well as in other works by Steiner. It also discusses the importance of Art and the importance of narrative to form a wholesome and harmonious being who is also spiritually free. Chapter 3 compares Steiner\'s ideas about thinking, about the child and about the narratives that follow conceptions by Edgar Morin and Walter Benjamin. It also presents indications of narrative proposed by Steiners followers. Chapter 4 presents the methodology and the works used in the aesthetic experience of reading reception, which was developed with alumni graduated in Waldorf and alumni graduated in other pedagogies. Chapter 5 discusses the results of the research. Chapter 6 presents some final thoughts on the subject.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-12-20T08:46:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jefferson Alexandre da Costa.pdf: 1180011 bytes, checksum: acf5cfa77eb5785a0f17b67bd636641c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-20T08:46:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jefferson Alexandre da Costa.pdf: 1180011 bytes, checksum: acf5cfa77eb5785a0f17b67bd636641c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / One of the great issues of capitalism and the globalized market is the incidence of workers' collective dismissal, whose effects reach, beyond the worker himself, his family and the society. Changes in the economic, technological or structural situation of companies are directly related to the reasons for collective dismissals, however, an adequate evaluation of the circumstances is not always verified, nor are alternatives sought to avoid the termination of the contracts, which violates several fundamental rights. Labor relations are established through labor contracts, which has been developed for a long time within the scope of the autonomy of the will and legal positivism. Modern social relations evolve rapidly, while legislative formalism renders legislation unable to keep pace with social dynamism, strengthening contract use. The classic concept of contract is linked to the pacta sunt servanda, which enforces compliance with the agreement, ignoring possible imbalances caused by external circumstances and which may hinder compliance with the contract. After the Second World War, the sense of positivist Law and distant from morality went through profound changes, reinforced by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, that began to consider the human person as the center of the legal system, also fostering the phenomenon of constitutionalisation and functionalization of Private Law. This set of modifications is contained in the paradigm of legal post-positivism, which advocates the application of constitutional principles in private relations, including labor relations, from pre-contractual to post-contractual phases. The autonomy of the will gives way to the private solidarity autonomy, making every contractual relation respect the dignity of the human person, as well as the objective good-faith and its associated duties, the information duty, solidarity, among other rights and principles. In this context, the present academic work approaches two issues of salient importance for the treatment of contemporary labor relations: the direct and immediate application of fundamental rights and the private solidarity autonomy in labor relations. For that, the hypothetical-deductive method was adopted, associated with the technique of bibliographical research of national and foreign works. The justification is linked to the fact that the doctrine and the jurisprudence have not yet adopted the private solidarity autonomy as a paradigm of contractual relations in the scope of Labor Law. Although it has been the target of the Labor Reform, the regulation of collective dismissal in Brazil was not adequate to meet social needs and interests. The objective is to point out that the private solidarity autonomy is capable of ensuring the effectiveness of fundamental rights and foster the solidarity and cooperative attitude among workers and employers, suggesting the conclusion that the application of the private solidarity autonomy has sufficient conditions to avoid or minimize the impacts of collective dismissal, as well as to prevent abuses or violations of rights / Uma das grandes celeumas do capitalismo e do mercado globalizado é a incidência das despedidas coletivas de trabalhadores, cujos efeitos atingem, além da pessoa do trabalhador, sua família e a sociedade. Alterações na situação econômica, tecnológica ou estrutural das empresas estão diretamente ligadas aos motivos de despedidas coletivas, contudo, nem sempre se verifica uma avaliação adequada das circunstâncias, tampouco, buscam-se alternativas para evitar a terminação dos contratos, ato que afronta diversos direitos fundamentais. As relações trabalhistas são estabelecidas por meio de contratos de trabalho, que por muito tempo se desenvolve no âmbito da autonomia da vontade e do positivismo jurídico. As relações sociais modernas evoluem rapidamente, ao passo que formalismo legislativo torna a legislação incapaz de acompanhar o dinamismo social, fortalecendo o uso do contrato. O conceito clássico de contrato se vincula ao pacta sunt servanda, que obriga o cumprimento do acordo, ignorando eventuais desequilíbrios, provocados por circunstâncias externas e que podem dificultar o cumprimento do contrato. Após a Segunda Guerra Mundial a acepção do Direito positivista e distanciado da moral passou por profundas modificações, que reforçada pela Declaração Universal dos Direito do Homem, passou a considerar a pessoa humana como centro do sistema jurídico, propiciando também o fortalecimento do fenômeno da constitucionalização e funcionalização do Direito Privado. Esse conjunto de modificações está contido no paradigma do pós-positivismo jurídico, no qual se defende a aplicação dos princípios constitucionais nas relações privadas, inclusive as trabalhistas, abrangendo desde a fase pré-contratual até o pós-contratual. A autonomia da vontade cede lugar à autonomia privada solidária, fazendo com que toda relação contratual respeite a dignidade da pessoa humana, a boa-fé objetiva e seus deveres anexos, o dever de informação, a solidariedade, entre outros direitos e princípios. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho acadêmico aproxima dois temas de saliente importância para o trato das relações trabalhistas contemporâneas: a aplicação direta e imediata dos direitos fundamentais e a autonomia privada solidária nas relações trabalhistas. Para tanto, foi adotado o método hipotético-dedutivo, associado à técnica de pesquisa bibliográfica de obras nacionais e estrangeiras. A justificativa está ligada ao fato de que a doutrina e a jurisprudência ainda não adotaram a autonomia privada solidária como paradigma das relações contratuais no âmbito do Direito do Trabalho. Embora tenha sido alvo da Reforma Trabalhista, a regulamentação da despedida coletiva no Brasil não se mostrou adequada para atender as necessidades e os interesses sociais. O objetivo é apontar que a autonomia privada solidária é capaz de assegurar a efetividade dos direitos fundamentais e fomentar a postura solidária e cooperativa entre trabalhadores e empregadores, sugerindo a conclusão de que a aplicação da autonomia privada solidária possui condições suficientes para evitar ou minimizar os impactos das despedidas coletivas, assim como evitar abusos ou violações de direitos

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-10-10T16:46:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NORIVAL BOTTOS JÚNIOR.pdf: 878309 bytes, checksum: 189059bee321c390492588b58bf0ca4f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-10T16:46:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NORIVAL BOTTOS JÚNIOR.pdf: 878309 bytes, checksum: 189059bee321c390492588b58bf0ca4f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-08 / This work has as main objective to discuss the importance of Thomas Mann`s intelectual reflexion about the concepts of art and how the this artist as a figure of deviation of the social and cultural context that he does not attempt to perform. For instance, we Will study how Thomas Mann appropriate to the nietzschian`s philosophy as a model os misreading tradition,to emphasize the main concepts of “drunkeness”, “sickness” and “Will to power”. We Will search yeat, how Thomas Mann promove his asthetic misreading and position himself in a originaly way in front of all tradition, promoting, as we believe, a existencial reflexion that concerns the problems of original creation and the influence of the intertextual object of art. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal discutir a importância da reflexão intelectual de Thomas Mann sobre os conceitos de arte moderna e de como esse artista, como desviante da tradição cultural e social do ocidente busca se posicionar esteticamente dentro de um contexto de mundo que não lhe é inerente. Para tanto, estudaremos como Thomas Mann se apropria da filosofia de Nietzsche como modelo de desleitura da tradição, destacando-se os conceitos de “embriaguez”, “doença” e “vontade de potência”. Buscaremos evidenciar também como Thomas Mann promove sua desleitura da estética tradicional e se posiciona de modo original perante a tradição, promovendo uma reflexão existencial em torno dos problemas de criação e da angústia da influência literária.

A proposta geral deste trabalho é realizar uma leitura das articulações com a psicanálise que permeiam a conceitualização do populismo de Ernesto Laclau. Em particular, detém-se na análise das dimensões teóricas centrais da concepção da representação da teoria da hegemonia que nos permitem pensar a identidade política popular como uma configuração discursiva que supõe uma transformação subjetiva específica, na qual se passa da demanda social à construção de uma vontade coletiva. Neste sentido, iremos analisar as dimensões da nominação e do afeto da teoria da hegemonia à luz de certas conceptualizações freudianas e lacanianas, como o conceito de sobredeterminação, objeto de desejo, point de capiton ou significante amo e gozo. / This work aims to analyze how the conceptualization of populism of Ernesto Laclau is related to psychoanalysis. Particularly, we focus on the main theoretical dimensions of the conceptualization of representation in the theory of hegemony, which allows us to interpret the popular political identity as a discursive setting that assumes a particular subjective change, departing from social demand to the building of a new collective will. Thus we will tackle aspects of nomination and affect in the theory of hegemony in light of some Freudian and Lacanian conceptualizations, such as overdetermination, object of desire, anchoring point (point de capiton), master signifier and joy.

Les indemnités de fin de contrat, qu’elles résultent de la loi ou de la volonté contractuelle, sont nombreuses et variées et malgré leur importance pratique aucune étude d’ensemble ne leur avait été consacrée en droit privé. Cette thèse se propose de les étudier conjointement pour en dresser une typologie et en déterminer le régime juridique. La première partie traite de la variété des indemnités, qu’elles soient légales (VRP, agents commerciaux, gérants-mandataires, bail commercial ou rural) ou conventionnelles (indemnité d’anéantissement unilatéral ou de dédit). Il est démontré que l’indemnité de fin de contrat représente le prix d’une liberté contractuelle retrouvée permettant la sauvegarde de l’équilibre économique du contrat. Les contreparties sont en revanche différentes. Elles constituent un encadrement du droit d’anéantir le contrat unilatéralement ou offrent le droit de se dédire, c’est-à-dire de ne pas exécuter le contrat en tout ou partie. La seconde partie est consacrée au régime juridique des indemnités. Il en résulte une liberté contractuelle orientée in melius au profit du créancier de l’indemnité légale. Ainsi que le constat d’un contrôle judiciaire insuffisant s’agissant des indemnités conventionnelles. Ce faisant, il est proposé des modifications législatives tant concernant les indemnités légales par l’octroi d’une indemnité de fin de contrat au profit des distributeurs-revendeurs, que s’agissant des indemnités conventionnelles par la consécration explicite de la validité du dédit conventionnel ainsi que l’élaboration d’un contrôle judiciaire du montant des indemnités conventionnelles excessives sur le modèle de la clause pénale. / Termination benefits, whether as a result of the law or the contractual will, are numerous and varied and despite their practical importance no comprehensive study had been dedicated to this topic in private law. This thesis proposes to study them jointly to establish a typology and to determine the legal regime. The first part deals with the variety of allowances, whether they are legal or conventional. It is shown that the termination benefit represents the price of a restored contractual freedom with a view to securing a fair balance of interests. The counterparties are, on the other hand, different. They provide a legal framework for the right to annihilate the contract unilaterally or offer the right to withdraw, that is to say, not to execute the contract in whole or in part. The second part is devoted to the legal system of allowances. The result is a contractual freedom directed in melius to the benefit of the creditor of the legal indemnity. As well as the finding of insufficient judicial review in respect of conventional allowances. In this regard, legislative amendments are proposed, both with regard to statutory allowances by granting a termination payment to reseller distributors, as well as conventional allowances by the legal consecration of the validity of conventional withdrawal as well as the development of a judicial review of the amount of excessive conventional allowances, built on the model of the penalty clause.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Biochemistry)) --University of Limpopo, 2009 / Commelina benghalensis Linn is used in traditional medicine in several Asian and African countries for the treatment of various ailments such as stomach irritations, burns, sore throat and feet, diarrhoea and as an anti-inflammatory agent. Recently, our laboratory showed that the crude methanolic extract of Commelina benghalensis L (CMECB) exhibits growth inhibitory and proapoptotic effects in Jurkat T and Wil-2 NS cancer cell lines. In this study, the precise molecular mechanism(s) associated with CMECB-induced growth inhibitory and apoptosis inducing effects in Jurkat T and Wil-2 NS cell lines were investigated. This was achieved by investigating the effects of the extract on the cell division cycle distribution profile as well as its effects on various cell division cycle and apoptosis regulatory genes. Ground stems of C. benghalensis L were extracted with absolute methanol to obtain a crude extract. To assess the effect of CMECB on cancer cell growth, experimental cell cultures were exposed to various concentrations (0 to 600 μg/ml) of CMECB for up to 72 hours. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in cell viability and inhibition of proliferation of experimental cell cultures as determined by the trypan blue dye exclusion assay and the Coulter counter method, respectively. Analysis of nuclear morphological changes in cells stained with Hoechst 33258 confirmed apoptosis as the mode of cell death that is associated with the growth inhibitory effects of CMECB in both the Jurkat T and Wil-2 NS cell lines. This assertion was based on the observed presence of nuclear morphological changes such as chromatin condensation and fragmentation and apoptotic bodies in cells exposed to CMECB. In order to get an insight on the pro-apoptotic mechanisms of CMECB, Western blot xxi and quantitative real-time PCR (qrt-PCR) were used to investigate the expression profiles of various apoptosis and cell division cycle regulatory genes. Qrt-PCR results showed a lack of a clear up- and/or down-regulatory effects of CMECB on the mRNA expression levels of bax and bcl-2 in both Jurkat T and Wil-2 NS cells. Western blot analyses demonstrated that CMECB induced apoptosis by facilitating Bax protein translocation from the cytosol to the mitochondria in both Jurkat T and Wil-2 NS cells. In addition, CMECB down-regulated Bcl-2 protein expression which, as a result, led to the shift in the Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio at certain time points and concentration in both Jurkat T and Wil-2 NS cells. The modulation of the Bcl-2 family members led to mitochondrial cytochrome c release into the cytosol and activation of caspases-9 and -3; this was also confirmed by caspase activity assays and eventual degradation of PARP. Furthermore, CMECB induced Jurkat T and Wil-2 NS cell division cycle arrest at the G2/M phase as determined by flow cytometric analysis. Western blot analyses of G2/M phase regulatory proteins demonstrated that the CMECB-induced cell division cycle arrest was associated with the downregulation of cyclin B1 and Cdc2 protein expression levels. Western blot analyses results further revealed that the arrest of Wil-2 NS cells at the G2/M phase was independent of p21 protein activity. However, Jurkat T cell division cycle arrest was found to be mediated, in part, by p21. Quantitative real-time PCR results did not show a clear trend in terms of the down- or up-regulatory effects of the extracts on the G2/M phase regulatory genes. The CMECBinduced apoptosis and G2/M arrest was found to occur in a p53-independent xxii manner due to the lack and down-regulation of p53 protein levels in both Jurkat T and Wil-2 NS cells, respectively. In conclusion, CMECB induces its anticancer activity by inducing G2/M phase arrest and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis independent of p53 protein activity. Although the study did not perform in vivo experiments to ascertain the efficacy of extracts of CMECB against specific tumour types in animal models, the present findings somehow validate the traditional use of C. benghalensis L as an anticancer agent. A more definitive study needs to be done to ascertain this assertion. / National Research Foundation and the University of Limpopo research office

Includes abstract. Bibliography: leaves 346-374.

身為存在主義及後現代主義先驅之一的尼采，之所以對西方文明造成嚴重的衝擊，就在於他毫不留情的抨擊西方傳統的兩大支柱—蘇格拉底精神所代表的理性文明與基督教道德信仰的彼岸世界！ 尼采認為人是「尚未定型的動物」，強調人的未完成性與可塑性，主張人並沒有一成不變的本質，每個人的本質端賴自己去創造。尼采不同於傳統哲學長期以來所重視的「理性人」，卻強調人的本能、情感對人的重要性，高唱戴奧尼索斯（Dionysus）頌歌。而在他心目中理想的人類圖像就是「超人」，其最重要的特色就在於「自我超越」，並將尼采的「強力意志」學說發揮地淋漓盡致。 尼采批評傳統二元論世界觀，認為只有我們生存的這個現實世界！這也正是尼采宣稱「上帝死了」所代表的劃時代意義。尼采的世界圖像是：一方面，只有我們所居住的這個世界；另一方面，受到赫拉克利特斯流變哲學的影響，尼采認為這個世界永遠地變化著，是個生成流變的世界、強力意志的世界：萬事萬物變化不居，這是世界原來的面貌，是與道德無關的，肯定「生成流變無罪」，同時因為萬物皆流，並不存在任何「確定性」，所有的價值、真理，因而也都不具有絕對支配性。同時，這也是個永恆回歸的世界。 尼采要人重估一切價值，而強力意志，或者更確切地說「生命」，正是作為衡量一切價值的新準繩，同時也是人們賴以重估價值的依據！所有價值、真理、知識，都要以「充實生命」為鵠的，都要展現每個人的強力意志。尼采認為佛教的出世觀、羅馬的極端世俗化，或是基督教的倫理生活、工業革命之後的科學生活，都無法克服人生的悲劇性，唯有透過藝術才是生命自救的途徑。他要人以「審美的人生」取代基督教的「倫理的人生」，因為基督教道德於生命為敵，使人的生命力衰退，於是他要我們向古希臘人看齊。 本文以「成為你自己」作為尼采教育目的，其核心概念就在於實現每個人的真摯性（authenticity）—評估自己的處境，並將一切價值化為己有！真摯性與以往哲學所強調的「自主性」（autonomy）最大的不同在於，自主性與理性有著密不可分的關係，真摯性卻是要實現完整的人，亦即全人！ 在知識教育方面，尼采的「觀點主義」強調一切都是詮釋，所謂的事實、真理並不存在，一切都是主觀的建構。沒有所謂的純粹認識，所有的真理其實都蘊含著價值判斷。知識、真理、邏輯等概念，其實都是人類為了生存所必須的「有用的偽造」，是人類「無可非難的錯誤」。因此，知識教學要重視學生的主觀建構，要讓學生將知識賦予自己的意義，將知識「化為己有」。同時，知識的最終目的在於「充實生命」，知識應當為人生而服務，而不是使人成了「學奴」。 尼采一直強調人要不斷地自我超越，教育當然也要致力於此，舞蹈則象徵了此一教育目的。尼采以「舞者的美德」同嚴肅的精神相對立，認為舞者能輕盈地漫步於傳統之上，以自由自在的舞步踏碎舊有成規，並從傳統束縛中解放出來，從事創造！在舞蹈中，人不但展現了人性，呈現人類存在的意義；同時也整合了自己的身心、思想與行動，並透過自己的詮釋創造出自己的意義，象徵了全人教育。教育就應當使人獲得這種「舞於當下」的實踐智慧！ 尼采生命哲學所描繪出的生命教育之目的，就是要使人獲得人生智慧。人誠然是個悲劇性的存有，尼采卻勉人：面對人生的悲劇性、熱愛生命、肯定生命，連同生命中的一切不幸與痛苦；人生的本質雖然是虛無的與痛苦的，可以藉由藝術的美化作用而獲得人生意義；甚至要學會「笑一切悲劇」。同時，既然生命是與道德無關的，那麼何妨做個非道德者，擺脫對於生命的道德詮釋，自由自在地悠遊於天地之間，好好地享受生命！ 尼采生命哲學對當前教育的啟示有四點：（一）生命教育的重視；（二）教育鬆綁；（三）人文與科技的整合；（四）情意智慧的培養。