Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:52:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FABIOLA PERES DA CRUZ.pdf: 589040 bytes, checksum: 0a4ec702eaf6619b6bcb0bec9ddca283 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-09 / This dissertation aimed at investigating the Student Movement held in Instituto de Educação of Goiás (Institute of Education of Goiás - IEG) from 1964 to 1968. The objective of this work is: to build the memories of a group of women that took part in the Student Movement during that period at IEG,: to research and organize the documents about this Movement and also to register and analyze the Youth Movements of that period. In the 1960s, after a coup d´état, Brazil went through a military dictatorship system, which caused persecution, torture, censorship to people and society. The Student Movement in Brazil had a big repercussion and the young people showed their political consciousness during the demonstrations that took part in many countries. As IEG was a school for girls only, their legacy left important and significant contributions. Therefore, from the female students narratives, it was possible to understand how the Student Movement allowed building experience and the formation of leaders. Nevertheless, there is a lack of discussion of the female legacy in the Movement. The question that arises in this study is: can the 1964-1968 Student Movement be considered a phenomenon of the youth that contributed to the formation of young women and their insertion in the public scenery? Thus, the contribution of the young female students in the Student Movement allowed thinking about the preservation of forgotten memory of important events and making them visible and acknowledged by new generations. / A presente dissertação vincula-se a um projeto mais abrangente denominado Centro de Memória, Documentação e Referência em Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), Educação Popular e Movimentos Sociais para a Região Centro Oeste. Nessa perspectiva, propôs-se investigar o movimento Estudantil no período de 1964 a 1968 por meio da presença das jovens estudantes no espaço do Instituto de Educação de Goiás (IEG) nesse movimento. Com o objetivo de reconstruir a memória de um grupo de mulheres que participaram do movimento estudantil no período de 1964 a 1968 no IEG; localizar documentos que remetem ao movimento estudantil no Instituto de Educação de Goiás; organizar os diversos registros que retratam o movimento estudantil na conjuntura de 1964 a 1968 e contribuir para registrar e analisar os movimentos juvenis na realidade histórica e social no período de 1964 e 1968. Os anos de 1960 foram marcados, na sociedade brasileira, por movimentos políticos e, após 1964, por um golpe político militar e uma ditadura instituída, quando ocorreram perseguições, torturas, censura etc. Nesse contexto, durante os anos de 1960, o Movimento Estudantil no Brasil teve expressiva repercussão, pois, nesse período, os jovens já eram um contingente populacional com consciência etária e o jovem, representado na figura do estudante, deixou isso evidenciado nas manifestações estudantis de protesto que tomaram conta das ruas de vários países. Considera-se que o IEG foi marcado, durante esse período, pela representatividade feminina e o legado deixado por elas foi importante e possibilitou contribuições significativas. Assim, a partir da narrativa de sujeitos que viveram o período, percebeu-se que o Movimento Estudantil permitiu experiências e possibilitou a formação de lideranças no período de 1964 a 1968, mas o legado feminino no movimento estudantil é pouco discutido e lembrado. Nessa perspectiva, a pergunta que dirige esse estudo é: pode o movimento estudantil na conjuntura 1964 a 1968 ser considerado um fenômeno da juventude que contribuiu para a formação de jovens mulheres e sua inserção no cenário público? Desse modo, a contribuição das jovens estudantes no movimento estudantil permitiu pensar intencionalmente na formulação de registros que preservem a memória de acontecimentos marcantes que estão esquecidos, com a intenção de torná-los visíveis e reconhecidos pelas gerações novas.

Att vara ung kvinnlig chef är ett outforskat område som behöver belysas. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vad det innebär att arbeta som offentligt anställd ung kvinnlig chef. Urvalet bestod av fyra unga kvinnliga chefer verksamma inom en stor kommun i Sverige. Med en etnografisk metodansats utfördes åtta deltagande observationer inklusive en fokusgruppsintervju. Resultatet påvisade att cheferna ansåg att faktorer som ålder och kön inte spelade roll när det gällde ledarskap. Trots detta uppfattades en känsla av ambivalens i synen på betydelsen av sin ålder och kön genom att man gjorde skillnad på sina medarbetares ålder och kön. Då ansåg cheferna att yngre, äldre, manliga och kvinnliga medarbetare behövde olika bemötanden. För att förstå studiens resultat i sin helhet användes teorier med inspiration från Charon och den symboliska interaktionismen som betonar att vi blir till i den sociala interaktionen med andra. Systemteori användes även för att synliggöra hur cheferna påverkas och påverkar den samhälleliga bilden av chefsrollen. / Being a young female manager is an unexplored area that needs to be highlighted. This study therefore aims to explore what it means to work as a young female public servant manager. The sample consisted of four young female managers in a large municipality in Sweden. With an ethnographic research approach, eight participating observations including a focus group interview was performed. The result showed that the managers felt that factors such as age and gender did not play a role in their leadership. Despite this, we perceived a sense of ambivalence in the view of the importance of age and gender by making a difference in their employees’ age and gender. The managers considered that younger, older, male and female employees were needed different treatment. To understand the result of the study in its entirety, theories inspired by Charon and symbolic interactionism was used which emphasizes that we become us by the social interaction with others. Systems theory was also used to show how the managers are affected and also affecting the society’s image of the general management role.

In recent years, young university students have experienced a greater concern for the body aspect that is related to having a slim figure. In this sense, it is important to have tools to measure the dissatisfaction they may have with their body appearance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14). Specifically, to evaluate the internal structure of the BSQ-14, the internal consistency of the model, the evidence of discriminant validity based on the correlations of the average score of the BSQ-14 with a measure of mindfulness and the invariance of the BSQ-14 model, considering the variable of performance of physical activities. For hundred two young university students from Metropolitan Lima participated, with an average age of 20.05 years (SD = 18.18). A test battery including the BSQ-14 and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MASS-5) was administered. The results indicate that the one-dimensional structure of the BSQ-14 presented a good fit (x2 = 571,420; CFI = 0.962; SRMR = 0.051) and adequate reliability by the internal consistency method (ω = 0.962). Likewise, the BSQ-14 showed negative correlations with Mindfulness and body satisfaction. The BSQ-14 was shown to be invariant among university women who do or do not exercise. It is concluded that the study provides results that support the use of the BSQ-14 to measure body dissatisfaction with evidence of validity and reliability in a sample of young university students. of Metropolitan Lima.

Eating disorders and low self-esteem among young women is a growing concern in today’s society. Due to this growing concern, this subject has been given a lot of attention both in media and through academic research during recent years. One area that has been highly criticized and examined is the idealized ideals often presented in media and advertisement today. These ideals can, according to literature, harm young women due to social comparison with these idealized images. According to previous research, this social comparison can have a negative effect on both self-esteem and body satisfaction. Research also show that continued exposure to such ideals can lead to internalization of thin and beauty ideals, which in turn is proven to be a strong predictor for these images negative affect on self-esteem and body satisfaction. Because of these findings and the critique of these ideals in media, this is an important subject to study both because of the ethical concerns with continuing to reinforce these ideals in advertisement, and from a society’s perspective in order to learn who might need extra protection in order to not be harmed by these ideals. Therefore, this study will firstly examine if we can see a negative effect on high school student’s self-esteem and body satisfaction, after being exposed to idealized images (in our case thin-models). Our study will also examine, in a second part, if we can see, depending on the lifestyle of the students, if some girls are more vulnerable than others to the exposure of idealized images. The second part of the study will contribute with information of which young women that need extra protection and attention to not develop low self-esteem due to the pressure of living up to the ideals. The method of our study is mostly of a deductive nature since this is an extensively researched topic, where pre-established methods and theories can be found. However, as the second part of the study has not been previous research this part will use a combination of deductive and inductive strategy. To collect the primary data an experimental design is used, with pre-established measurements for self-esteem and body satisfaction. Moreover, statements regarding the participant’s lifestyle are constructed with the help of AIOs lifestyle questionnaire as an inspiration. The experiment processes consists of two steps. First, the participants are exposed to two images, either thin-model images, normal sized woman images, or control images (which is images without any persons in it). After the exposure, the participants are asked to answer the questionnaire consisting of the self-esteem measurement, the body satisfaction measurement, and the lifestyle statements. The first part of our study did not show any sign of the thin-model image having any effect on the participant’s self-esteem or body satisfaction. However, we found a significant difference between the girls of 15-17 years old and those who were 18-20 years old self-esteem and body satisfaction means. Where the girls 15-17 scored significantly lower in both. Our conclusion of these findings is that there still is a high internalization of unhealthy thin and beauty ideals especially among the younger girls. Therefore, idealized media still is harmful for these girls since they are reinforcing and contributing to these ideals in society. For the second part of the study, we found a significant difference between the Party lifestyle group and the Sport lifestyle group’s self-esteem, where the Party Lifestyle group had a significantly lower self-esteem than the Sport lifestyle group. Further, we could also see a connection throw-out all of our results between self-esteem and body satisfaction, where those who scored low in self-esteem most often also scored low in body satisfaction and the other way around. This finding showed us that those with a party lifestyle are more vulnerable to idealized media exposure in that way that they are more likely to internalize unhealthy beauty and thin ideals.

En los últimos años, las jóvenes universitarias vienen experimentado una mayor preocupación por el aspecto corporal que está relacionado con tener una figura esbelta. En este sentido, es importante disponer de herramientas para medir la insatisfacción que pueden tener con su aspecto corporal. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas del Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14). Específicamente, evaluar la estructura interna del BSQ-14, la consistencia interna del modelo, la evidencia de validez discriminante con base en las correlaciones del puntaje promedio del BSQ-14 con una medida de mindfulness y la invarianza del modelo del BSQ-14, considerando la variable de realización de actividades físicas. Participaron 402 jóvenes universitarias de Lima Metropolitana, con una edad promedio de 20.05 años (DE= 18.18). Se administró una batería de pruebas que incluía el BSQ-14 y Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MASS-5). Los resultados indican que la estructura unidimensional del BSQ-14 presentó un buen ajuste (χ²= 571.420; CFI= 0.962; SRMR= 0.051) y una adecuada fiabilidad por el método de consistencia interna (ω = 0.962). Asimismo, el BSQ-14 mostró correlaciones negativas con el Mindfulness y la satisfacción corporal. Se demostró que el BSQ-14 es invariante entre mujeres universitarias que realizan o no ejercicio físico. Se concluye que el estudio brinda resultados que respaldan el uso del BSQ-14 para medir la insatisfacción corporal con evidencias de validez y fiabilidad en una muestra de jóvenes universitarias de Lima Metropolitana. / In recent years, young university students have experienced a greater concern for the body aspect that is related to having a slim figure. In this sense, it is important to have tools to measure the dissatisfaction they may have with their body appearance. The objective of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-14). Specifically, to evaluate the internal structure of the BSQ-14, the internal consistency of the model, the evidence of discriminant validity based on the correlations of the average score of the BSQ-14 with a measure of mindfulness and the invariance of the BSQ-14 model, considering the variable of performance of physical activities. For hundred two young university students from Metropolitan Lima participated, with an average age of 20.05 years (SD = 18.18). A test battery including the BSQ-14 and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MASS-5) was administered. The results indicate that the one-dimensional structure of the BSQ-14 presented a good fit (χ² = 571,420; CFI = 0.962; SRMR = 0.051) and adequate reliability by the internal consistency method (ω = 0.962). Likewise, the BSQ-14 showed negative correlations with Mindfulness and body satisfaction. The BSQ-14 was shown to be invariant among university women who do or do not exercise. It is concluded that the study provides results that support the use of the BSQ-14 to measure body dissatisfaction with evidence of validity and reliability in a sample of young university students. of Metropolitan Lima. / Tesis

PhDGS / Institute of Gender and Youth Studies / The existence of humans has always been associated with movement, owing, among other reasons, conflicts, to disasters and search for more habitable areas and better living conditions. Historically, migration of women has not been given much attention by scholars; international migration literature has always been dominated by data on male migration. However, almost half of the immigrants coming into South Africa are women. Young female immigrants are considered more vulnerable than their male counterparts. Through a qualitative approach, this study aimed at investigating the vulnerability of young Zimbabwean female immigrants in Johannesburg, South Africa’s largest city and its industrial and commercial heartland, in order to develop a comprehensive strategy to minimise their vulnerability. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used for data collection, and Atlas.ti qualitative analysis software was used to analyse the data. The population of the study was young female immigrants between the ages of 18 and 35 years residing in Johannesburg, and experts in the field of migration. Purposive and snowball sampling were used to select the participants. The findings of this study highlighted that the young Zimbabwean female immigrants are vulnerable to abuse, discrimination, xenophobia, poor health, and social and economic problems. The abuse, discrimination and xenophobia were perpetrated by their partners, the society, colleagues in the workplace, employers, and the authorities who are supposed to protect and provide services for these immigrants. These problems were a result of the intersecting factors that cause the young women’s vulnerability. These include nationality, gender, legality, language barriers, type of work, poverty (and the desperation it generates), and competition over job opportunities. The study indicated that these female immigrants do not look for the law’s protection because they are afraid of being deported, and they are afraid of the police, who are reluctant to protect them, and often further abuse them. The study recommends the adoption of the Multistakeholder Comprehensive Migration Strategy which was developed in this study to minimise the young women’s vulnerability. This strategy promotes the collaboration of different parties at all levels – individual, community, civil society, regional and national – in achieving this all-important purpose. All these stakeholders should collaborate in initiatives to promote and protect the rights of these young women, and ensure gender equality in migration. / NRF

Bakgrund: Varje år utbildar Sveriges Riksidrottsgymnasier (RIG) ca 1200 ungdomar med målet att nå internationell nivå inom sin idrott. Studier har visat att ca 32% av de kvinnliga eleverna har någon form av menstruationsdysfunktion vilket kan vara en av konsekvenserna vid låg energitillgänglighet (LEA). När en idrottare har för lågt energiintag i förhållande till träningsmängd kan de drabbas av den kvinnliga idrottstriaden (Triaden; LEA, menstruationsrubbningar och låg bentäthet) som även ingår i syndromet relativ energibrist inom sport (RED-S) och kan påverka både hälsa och prestation negativt. För att förebygga och motverka långsiktiga konsekvenser krävs kunskap bland både idrottare och tränare. Syfte: Syftet med studien var således att undersöka kunskapsläget gällande Triaden och RED-S hos unga kvinnliga idrottare på ett idrottsgymnasium, samt deras tränare. Metod: 16 RIG kontaktades via mejl där kvinnliga idrottare och tränare tillfrågades om deltagande via ett anonymt digitalt frågeformulär bestående av frågor om Triaden och RED-S samt frågor om upplevd trygghet och stöd inom ämnet. Resultat: Totalt svarade 35 personer (25 idrottare och 10 tränare) på enkäten. Resultatet visade att kunskap gällande Triaden och RED-S var relativt låg. Fler respondenter hade hört talas om RED-S jämfört Triaden och signifikant fler tränare jämfört idrottare kunde benämna Triadens tre ingående komponenter (p=0,024). 41% av respondenterna kände sig inte trygga i att rapportera symptom och fler tränare jämfört idrottare kände sig trygga i att söka hjälp utifrån (100% vs. 52%, p=0,032). Vidare visade resultatet att idrottarna önskade mer utbildning och stöd samt någon de kan lita på och prata med vid problem. Även tränarna tyckte mer utbildning inom ämnet vore värdefullt. Slutsats: Resultatet indikerar att få idrottare har goda kunskaper inom Triaden och RED-S och känner en viss otrygghet att rapportera symptom till sin tränare eller annan utomstående. Både idrottare och tränare ansåg det önskvärt med mer utbildning och öppenhet inom ämnet för att kunna förebygga och motverka konsekvenserna av Triaden och RED-S. / Background: Every year, 1200 students start their education at one of the Swedish National Sports Gymnasiums with the goal of reaching international level in their sport. Studies have shown that c. 32% of female students have some form of menstrual dysfunction which can be a consequence of low energy availability (LEA). When an athlete has too low energy intake in relation to training amount they may suffer from the female athlete triad (Triaden; LEA, menstrualdysfuction and low bone density) which is a part of the syndrome relative energy deficiency in sports (RED-S) which can negatively affect both health and performance. To prevent long-term consequences, knowledge is required among both athletes and coaches. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the state of knowledge regarding the Triad and RED-S among young female athletes who attend a sports gymnasium, as well as their coaches. Method: 16 National Sports Gymnasiums in Sweden were contacted through email where female athletes and coaches were asked about participation via an anonymous digital questionnaire consisting of questiones of knowledge about the Traid and RED-S and questiones about percieved safety and support in the subject. Results: A total of 35 people (25 athletes and 10 coaches) completed the survey. The results showed that knowledge regarding the Triad and RED-S was relatively low. More respondents had heard of RED-S compared to the Triad and significantly more coaches compared to athletes could name the three components of the Triad (p=0,024). 41% of the respondents did not feel safe in reporting symptoms and more coaches felt confident in seeking outside help compared to athletes (100% vs. 52%, p=0,032). Furthermore, the results showed that the athletes wanted more education and support as well as someone they can trust and talk to in case of problems. The coaches also thought more education on the subject would be valueble. Conclusion: The results indicate that few athletes have good knowledge of the Triad and RED-S and feel a certain insecurity of reporting symptoms to their coach or other outside staff. Both athletes and coaches consider it desirable to have more education and openness on the subject in order to prevent the consequences of the Triad and RED-S.

Malgré les problèmes que pose la délinquance juvénile au Sénégal, les réponses des décideurs semblent inefficaces, surtout pour les filles déviantes. Ainsi, l’objectif de notre étude est de déterminer les caractéristiques familiales, scolaires et des amis des adolescentes judiciarisées à Dakar en les comparant à celles de Montréal. Les enquêtes se sont déroulées à Dakar sur trente adolescentes interrogées avec un instrument adapté du MASPAQ. Les similitudes entre les échantillons concernent l’âge moyen et le statut judiciaire quasi-identiques, le milieu socio-économique défavorisé et la structure familiale en majorité monoparentale matricentrique. Les autres résultats concernent surtout les liens sociaux plus forts chez les dakaroises alors que l’activité marginale est plus importante chez les montréalaises. Les liens sociaux des dakaroises constitueraient une protection contre la déviance. Le contexte culturel également, en favorisant un contrôle social, pousserait à développer plus de contraintes internes, autre protection contre la déviance. Des perspectives sont envisagées notamment utiliser l’instrument avec des garçons. / Despite problems caused by juvenile delinquency in Senegal, authorities'answers seem not to be very efficient, in particular with delinquent girls. This study aims to describe the family, the school and the peers of adjudicated adolescent females in Dakar and compare these features with those of adjudicated adolescent females in Montreal. The study occurs in Dakar with thirty adolescent girls interviewed with a questionnaire adapted from the MASPAQ. The similarities between the two samples are the girls' average age, their judiciary status, their socio-economic status which is disadvantaged and their family's structure which is for most of them a single-mother one. The other results describe the social bonds which are stronger for the Senegalese sample whereas the deviant behaviour is more important for the Montreal's girls. The social bonds may serve as a protection against deviance. The cultural context, as it facilitates social control, may also develop more internal constraints, which constitute another protection against deviant conduct. One possible perspective is to replicate the study using the same questionnaire among samples of male offenders.

Malgré les problèmes que pose la délinquance juvénile au Sénégal, les réponses des décideurs semblent inefficaces, surtout pour les filles déviantes. Ainsi, l’objectif de notre étude est de déterminer les caractéristiques familiales, scolaires et des amis des adolescentes judiciarisées à Dakar en les comparant à celles de Montréal. Les enquêtes se sont déroulées à Dakar sur trente adolescentes interrogées avec un instrument adapté du MASPAQ. Les similitudes entre les échantillons concernent l’âge moyen et le statut judiciaire quasi-identiques, le milieu socio-économique défavorisé et la structure familiale en majorité monoparentale matricentrique. Les autres résultats concernent surtout les liens sociaux plus forts chez les dakaroises alors que l’activité marginale est plus importante chez les montréalaises. Les liens sociaux des dakaroises constitueraient une protection contre la déviance. Le contexte culturel également, en favorisant un contrôle social, pousserait à développer plus de contraintes internes, autre protection contre la déviance. Des perspectives sont envisagées notamment utiliser l’instrument avec des garçons. / Despite problems caused by juvenile delinquency in Senegal, authorities'answers seem not to be very efficient, in particular with delinquent girls. This study aims to describe the family, the school and the peers of adjudicated adolescent females in Dakar and compare these features with those of adjudicated adolescent females in Montreal. The study occurs in Dakar with thirty adolescent girls interviewed with a questionnaire adapted from the MASPAQ. The similarities between the two samples are the girls' average age, their judiciary status, their socio-economic status which is disadvantaged and their family's structure which is for most of them a single-mother one. The other results describe the social bonds which are stronger for the Senegalese sample whereas the deviant behaviour is more important for the Montreal's girls. The social bonds may serve as a protection against deviance. The cultural context, as it facilitates social control, may also develop more internal constraints, which constitute another protection against deviant conduct. One possible perspective is to replicate the study using the same questionnaire among samples of male offenders.

本研究旨在探討年輕女性工作者的生涯阻隔、生涯動機和因應策略之關係。以台北地區25至34歲的年輕女性工作者為研究對象，以立意方式取樣，正式施測後共得326份有效問卷，使用的研究工具為「生涯阻隔因素量表」、「生涯動機量表」和「因應策略量表」，所得資料以描述統計、獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析、二因子多變量變異數分析及典型相關分析等統計方法進行處理。 本研究的主要發現為：第一，年輕女性工作者的生涯阻隔偏低，生涯動機偏高，較常採取問題解決和邏輯思考的因應策略，而較少採情緒逃離策略。第二，不同年齡、職業類型、總工作年資和婚姻狀況等背景變項的年輕女性工作者，在生涯阻隔、生涯動機與因應策略上達顯著差異，其中尤以職業類型最為顯著。第三，生涯阻隔高的年輕女性工作者較會採取情緒逃離策略，生涯動機高的年輕女性工作者則較會採取各種因應策略，而不同的生涯阻隔和生涯動機在情緒逃離策略上有交互作用效果。第四，生涯復原力和生涯洞察力愈高的年輕女性工作者，愈會採取正向因應策略，其中尤以企業型年輕女性工作者更為明顯；而事務型的年輕女性工作者總工作年資愈長，即使個人條件的阻隔較高，若擁有較大的外在支持，也較會採取正向因應策略。 最後，根據研究發現提出對年輕女性工作者、女性生涯諮商工作，以及未來相關研究之建議。 / The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among career barriers, career motivation and coping strategies of young female employees. By using the purposes sampling, there are 326 young female employees from 25 to 34 years old sampled in Taipei. The measure instruments include Career Barriers Inventory, Career Motivation Inventory and Coping Strategies Inventory. Data obtained were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, two-way MANOVA and canonical correlation. The major findings are as follows：first, young female employees had low career barriers and high career motivation, and they were more likely to use problem-solving and logic-thinking coping strategies. Second, young female employees with different age, total working years, occupational type and marriage situation were different in career barriers, career motivation and coping strategies, especially the occupational type. Third, young female employees with high career barriers were more likely to use emotion-escape coping strategies, and young female employees with high career motivation were more likely to use all kinds of coping strategies. There were interaction effect on emotion-escape coping strategies with different career barriers and career motivation. Fourth, young female employees with high career resilience and career insight were more likely to use positive coping strategies, especially enterprising young female employees. Conventional young female employees with long total working years, high barriers on individual conditions and good external support, they were more likely to use positive coping strategies. According to the findings, implications and suggestions for young female employees, career counseling for women and future researches were provided.