Selective Mu Opioid Receptor (MOR) antagonists possess immense potential in the treatment of opioid abuse/addiction. Utilizing the “message-address” concept, our laboratory reported a novel, reversible, non-peptide MOR selective antagonist 17-cyclopropylmethyl-3,14β-dihydroxy-4,5α-epoxy-6β-[(4՛-pyridyl)carboxamido]morphinan (NAP). Molecular modeling studies revealed that the selectivity of NAP for the MOR is because of a π-π stacking interaction of its pyridine ring with the Trp318residue in theMOR. Pharmacological characterization showed that NAP is a P-glycoprotein substrate, thereby limiting its use in the treatment of opioid abuse/addiction. Thus, to modify NAP, we replaced the pyridine ring with its isosteric counterpart thiophene. Isosteric replacement could lead to development of compounds with different pharmacologic properties. Additionally, exploring other ring systems would diversify and enrich our library of compounds and aid in establishing a comprehensive structure-activity relationship. Therefore, newly synthesized compounds included thiophene derivatives of 6α/β-naltrexamine with potential to be used in the treatment of opioid abuse/addiction. Preliminary in vivo screening revealed that compounds 8 and 11 could be acting as antagonists. To aid in the design and synthesis of newer generation of MOR selective analogs, a 3-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (3D-QSAR) Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) on 6β-N-heterocyclic substituted naltrexamine derivatives was conducted. After rigorous optimizations, the best CoMFA model possessed low predictive power. Results obtained suggested that small structural changes could lead to significant change in binding modes of these ligands. To further validate this observation, molecular docking studies were performed which revealed that these ligands indeed possessed multiple distinct binding modes thereby offering rationale for the CoMFA results. Thus, overall this study furnished useful information about the complexity of protein-ligand interactions which will aid in designing more potent and selective MOR ligands.

張可久，名久可，號小山，是元後期的散曲家。元散曲作家當中，他的作品最多，他一生只創作散曲，不作雜劇，可稱「散曲專家」。他在散曲史上，是元後期「清麗騷雅派」的關鍵人物。而他的散曲在文字運用上，可說是宋詞以後中國韻文的繼承者。故他有「詞林宗匠」之稱。本論文以隋樹森輯《全元散曲》載的小山散曲作品為主要範圍。本論文共分六章，主要內容如下︰首章敘述「研究動機、方法」、「元代的時代背景」、「元後期散曲之潮流」，並簡介「小山作品版本」。第二章探討「小山生平略考」，先研討「名號問題」、「生卒年考」，而後論述「生平略述」、「交遊」。通過這一章，可以深刻地認識作者的生活環境。第三章探討「小山散曲之內容分析」，將小山散曲的內容歸納為十類來說明其作品的內容。第四章探討「小山散曲之藝術技巧」，論述小山散曲在文字上、格律上的技巧，是對小山散曲的形式的探析。第五章探討「小山散曲之風格」，將小山散曲的風格分為「清麗華美」、「騷雅蘊藉」、「積鬱淒婉」、「超脫豪放」四點來論述其風格。第六章為「結論」，綜論「小山散曲的藝術特色」，探討「小山在中國散曲史上的地位」。

The problem of rent-seeking in China’s state-owned enterprises has worsened since the rapid increase in infrastructure investment, such as telecom and railway. State-owned enterprise reform in China has given licensing power to officials and executives without sufficient checks and balances. The Chinese government plans to introduce corporate governance structures and encourage private investment for the previously state-dominated industries, such as the railway industry, in the next decade. Yet these formalities cannot eradicate the political problem of corruption. This thesis will examine rent-seeking through the case studies of China Mobile’s former deputy general manager and Communist Party secretary Zhang Chunjiang’s patronage network in the value-added service industry and the Ministry of Railway’s ex-Minister Liu Zhijun’s patronage networks in the high speed railway project. Both central agents committed collective rent-seeking against the will of the principal through their subsidiaries.

This thesis examines the theme of gender and power relationships in the works of Ding Ling (1904-1986) and Zhang Ailing (1920-1995), focusing particularly on two novels: Ding Ling’s The Sun Shines over the Sanggan River (1948) and Zhang Ailing’s The Rice-Sprout Song (1954). Through this examination, this thesis demonstrates the critiques by these authors of the CCP and its policies which, while ostensibly guaranteeing equality to women, in actuality do nothing more than reinscribe traditional Confucian gender values. This thesis situates these novels historically, and places them into the context of the author’s other writings. The analysis focuses on three main aspects of these two novels: violence, repression of women’s desire, and female sexuality. Through a close reading informed by a feminist approach to gender relationships, this thesis demonstrates the startling similarities in the critiques of Ding Ling and Zhang Ailing, despite the writers’ different political ideologies and situations in regard to the CCP.

在李鴻章的外交生涯中，聯俄政策為最主要部分，也最為後人所詬病。因此 本文以 李鴻章的聯俄外交為研究主題，藉以說明李氏對清季外交問題的體認，以及中俄同盟 的成立及影響。全文包括導論及結論共計五章。正文大要如下： 第二章討論甲午戰前李鴻章對以夷制夷策略的運用，以及和戎的外交主張，藉此探討 李氏早期的外交治術。至於甲午戰前對俄國態度，本章亦專節論述，以說明在确立聯 俄方針前對俄國的認識。 在甲午戰爭爆發，李鴻章一直有引俄介入的想法，直到俄國干涉還遼，朝野形成了一 股聯俄熱，終而有中俄密約簽訂，這是清季聯俄外交的一個關鍵時期，李鴻章一直扮 演相當重要的角色。第三章中將討論這些問題。 從德國佔據膠州灣以後，俄國對華的陰謀已經暴露無遺，但直到庚子事變俄國藉機佔 據東北，李鴻章仍深信俄國的「友誼」，終因俄國藉撤兵多方要挾，聯俄政策乃告徹 底失敗。從此清廷也未再有聯俄之議。第四章主要在探討中俄密約所造成的影響，以 及俄國毀約後中國朝野的態度。 本文在資料運用方面，除了一般所較熟悉的中、英、日文資料外，並儘量顧及俄文史 料，以深入了解俄國在某些問題的立場。另大陸方面陸續整理出版的《李鴻章全集》 ，收集了一部分李氏未曾公開的史料，對本文的撰寫提供了不少意見。

邢福增 = Christian doctrine and national salvation : the cases of Xu Qian, Feng Yu Xiang & Zhang Zhi Jiang / Ying Fuk-tsang. / 論文(博士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部, 1995. / 參考文献 : leaves [308]-327. / Xing Fuzeng = Christian doctrine and national salvation : the cases of Xu Qian, Feng Yu Xiang & Zhang Zhi Jiang / Ying Fuk-tsang. / 致謝 --- p.i / 目錄 --- p.ii / 導論 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 啓蒙與敌亡：民初基督教救國主義的萌生 --- p.11 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「救國」的狂飆 --- p.11 / Chapter 第二節 --- 五四前後的基督敎救國論 --- p.15 / 第一部分 徐謙一基督救國主義 / Chapter 第二章 --- 基督徒革命家與基督敎救國主義 --- p.24 / Chapter 第一節 --- 清末的季世儒者 --- p.24 / Chapter 第二節 --- 從儒者到基督徒革命家 --- p.26 / Chapter 第三節 --- 基督徒革命家與信敎自由會 --- p.29 / Chapter 第四節 --- 基督敎救國主義的萌生與實現 --- p.33 / Chapter 第三章 --- 基督（教〉救國主義析論（1917´ؤ1924) --- p.41 / Chapter 第一節 --- 理論基礎：救人、救國、救世 --- p.41 / Chapter 第二節 --- 基督敎解決方案 --- p.49 / Chapter 第三節 --- 趨於沉寂：基督（敎）救國會的限制 --- p.57 / Chapter 第四節 --- 基督敎救國：直通？曲成？ --- p.64 / Chapter 第四章 --- 革命家徐謙與基督敎（1924´ؤ1940) --- p.69 / Chapter 第一節 --- 思想激化之路 --- p.69 / Chapter 第二節 --- 反帝國主義革命家（1925 ´ؤ1927) --- p.75 / Chapter 第三節 --- 反帝國主義與基督敎 --- p.94 / Chapter 第四節 --- 晚年（1932´ؤ1940) --- p.99 / 小結´ؤ´ؤ基督救國的困局 --- p.103 / 第二部分 馮玉祥一一「基督將軍」 / Chapter 第五章 --- 「基督將軍」的皈信前後 --- p.106 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「基督將軍」的皈信（1900 ´ؤ1913) --- p.106 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「基督將軍」的形象 --- p.111 / Chapter 第六章 --- 馮玉祥與基督教救國論 --- p.123 / Chapter 第一節 --- 基督敎救國論 --- p.123 / Chapter 第二節 --- 基督教救國的同志們 --- p.126 / Chapter 第三節 --- 基督化軍隊 --- p.130 / Chapter 第七章 --- 基督教、三民主義與共產主義 --- p.139 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「基督將軍」與「五卅」 --- p.139 / Chapter 第二節 --- 三民主義與基督敎 --- p.152 / Chapter 第三節 --- 共產主義與基督敎 --- p.174 / Chapter 第八章 --- 基督敎救國論的再思 --- p.190 / Chapter 第一節 --- 抗日戰爭與基督敎（1936 ´ؤ1945) --- p.190 / Chapter 第二節 --- 反内戰與基督敎（1945 ´ؤ1948) --- p.207 / 小結 一位「救國」的「用敎」者 --- p.220 / 第三部分 張之江´ؤ´ؤ信行救國 / Chapter 第九章 --- 「基督將軍」的皈信前後 --- p.223 / Chapter 第一節 --- 從參軍到革命 --- p.223 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「基督將軍」的皈信（1915´ؤ1918) --- p.224 / Chapter 第三節 --- 「基督將軍」的形象 --- p.226 / Chapter 第十章 --- 國家與信仰的平衡與整合（1928´ؤ1931) --- p.235 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「信敎自由」的捍衛 --- p.235 / Chapter 第二節 --- 基督教、帝國主義、三民（孫文）主義 --- p.239 / Chapter 第三節 --- 信敎自由的確立 --- p.244 / Chapter 第四節 --- 整合的努力 --- p.245 / Chapter 第十一章 --- 「信行救國」論與中華基督徒信行救國十人團 --- p.249 / Chapter 第一節 --- 「信行救國」的背景 --- p.249 / Chapter 第二節 --- 「信行救國」的理論基礎 --- p.252 / Chapter 第三節 --- 中華基督徒信行救國十人團的團務發展（1932´ؤ1937) --- p.258 / 小結´ؤ´ؤ另一種抉擇 --- p.268 / 結論基督敎救國主義的全面評檢 --- p.270 / 附錄 --- p.280 / Chapter 1´Ø --- 徐謙遺像 / Chapter 2´Ø --- 基督教救國會三位政界發起人 / Chapter 3´Ø --- 徐謙為基督教刊物題字 / Chapter 4´Ø --- 浦化人著（基督教救國論〉 / Chapter 5 ´Ø --- 陳崇桂著〈馮上將軍傳〉封面 / Chapter 6´Ø --- 馮軍進行洗禮的情況 / Chapter 7´Ø --- 古約翰牧師 / Chapter 8´Ø --- 馮玉祥與張之江 / Chapter 9´Ø --- 馮玉祥軍隊的工廠 / Chapter 10´Ø --- 馮玉祥為南京漢中堂石碑題字 / Chapter 11´Ø --- 馮玉祥日記手稿 / Chapter 12´Ø --- 馮玉祥撰寫之「愛世人」詩 / Chapter 13´Ø --- 張之江將軍 / Chapter 14´Ø --- 張之江部隊查經的情況 / Chapter 15´Ø --- 張之江送贘《聖經》予山東省長韓復 / Chapter 16´Ø --- 張之江為《文社月刊》 封面題字 / Chapter 17´Ø --- 張之江與中外牧師的祈禱會 / Chapter 18´Ø --- 中華基督徒信行救國十人團總團一九三三年各省團員比較表 / Chapter 19´Ø --- 中華基督徒信行救國十人團發起人名單 / Chapter 20 ´Ø --- 中華基督徒信行救國十人團簡章草案 / 參考書目 --- p.308

From December 1983 to January 1984, 228 bamboo strips were unearthed in M247 at Jiangling, Hubei. These strips contained a collection of criminal cases called Zou Yan Shu, as well as 526 strips containing Laws of the 2nd Year. This discovery effectively patched a gap in judicature during the transition from the Qin to the Han. Beginning in 1985, a research group, Li Xueqin, and Peng Hao, began publishing the content of these strips in Wenwu. Soon scholars all over the world began researching the strips. In 2008, the Bamboo and Silk Manuscript Center at Wuhan University used infrared imaging (as well as referencing Cai Wanjin¡¦s revisions of the text and the research of other scholars) to make sense of a very muddled text. This also brought about many breakthroughs in research on the Zou Yan Shu. Now scholars understand much more concerning judicature during the Qin-Han period and how it differed from that of pre-Qin times. Despite this, few scholars have attempted a comprehensive analysis of the 22 cases found in this work. There is much research to be done on legal terminology in the text, the judiciary writing process in Zou Yan Shu, the reasons for compiling these 22 cases, knowledge of judiciary principles during Qin-Han gained from these cases, and several keys to unjust, falsified, and mistaken cases. This dissertation attempts to utilized prior understanding of the scholarly community to systematically and comprehensively analyzing all 22 cases and to explicate the meaning of the title Zou Yan Shu, judiciary terminology, the judiciary process, adjudicatory results, and reasons for the unjust, falsified, and mistaken cases. It was discovered that the purpose for this compilation was to educate law-enforcement officials and portrays the message that from receiving the initial report to apprehending and trying the criminal to gathering evidence to issuing the final judgment, if the principle ¡§all is decided by the law¡¨ is not strictly adhered to then mistakes are easily made. In addition, the way documents are written in Zhou Yan Shu is closely related to the judiciary process from the county-level all the way to the Commandant of Justice, revealing how this process worked at the various levels.

In recent years there has been significant work aimed at understanding what effect the variation of electronic doping has on material properties. In the high transition-temperature (high-T$_c$) cuprate superconductors hole doping has an impact on the superconducting transition temperature. In the underdoped regime, the cuprates exhibit anomalous properties due to a pseudogap which forms and is thought to be related to Mott insulating physics. While there is no general consensus as to the mechanism underlying high temperature superconductivity, the resonating valence bond (RVB) theory proposed by Anderson in 1987 with a Gutzwiller projected d-wave BCS wave function could give a first picture of the high-T$_c$ cuprates. We have calculated properties of the cuprates using the assumption that the pseudogap state acts as a normal state to an otherwise standard BCS mean field theory. We find that the phenomenological RVB spin liquid model proposed by Yang, Rice and Zhang (YRZ) is highly successful at describing the doping dependent features of the cuprates. Through application of the YRZ model and the tools of many-body theory we present results on anomalous properties observed in: electronic specific heat; Raman and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) data; effective mass renormalization; and thermal broadening seen in ARPES. We verify that the YRZ ansatz qualitatively describes these anomalies along with their doping dependent variations. We conclude from this work that the physics underlying the pseudogap, while distinct in origin from superconductivity, is likely to arise from an RVB wavefunction that is closely related to the BCS state. In graphene, variation in doping modifies the polarization function which describes a screened electron-electron interaction. This leads to additional features in the spectral function which are due to electron-plasmon coupling. In this work, we calculated the electronic density of states including this interaction along with its doping dependence with and without an electron-phonon interaction. We find clear features of electron-electron interactions in the density of states. These features are related to the energies of plasmaron bands in the spectral function and can be modified through doping so as to be distinct from the phonon energy scales.

今存唐人選唐詩，共有崔融珠英學士集、殷璠河嶽英靈集、芮挺章國秀集、元結篋中 集、高仲武中興閒氣集、今狐楚御覽詩、姚合極玄集、韋莊又玄集、不詳編選者搜玉 小、集不詳編選者敦煌本唐人選唐詩等十種。茲將其內容摘要如下： 第一章：結論，共分三節。論述本論文之名稱、範圍、研究動機及研究方向。 第二章至第十一章，如前列十種唐人選唐詩之次序，每種各列一專章，分為二至六節 ，詳加討論，每章論述之內容及步驟，大到如下： （一）算先探討編選者、編選年代及其版本。 （二）其次考定其篇卷、編選之數目，並探尋其編撰體例。 （三）再次論究其命名涵意、編選目的，及其選詩標準、選詩情形。 （四）最後再依據前考，或論其於當代詩壇之地位、後代之評價，或究其與前後詩人 、詩選承先啟後之關係，或提出其他值得議論之處，舉凡筆者見識所及，俱另闢專節 詳論之。唯諸集卷帙不一，或多或寡；體例不同，或詳或略，是以每章論訹，亦或長 或短，或繁或簡。總之，以論其要為主，王以其齊否為慮也。 第十二章：結論。

張灝先生曾指出中國近代思想具有一個轉型期。在這轉型期中，傳統概念資源在新時代命題下受到挑戰，使得中國知識分子必須在一個萬國之新世界秩序下，重新擘畫中國的位置，因此在中國要回應內在取向危機與外在列強的挑戰下，便啟動了思想轉型的旅程，上述這段從傳統到現代的發展過程，即稱之為中國近代思想史的轉型時代。「平等」觀念作為中國近代知識分子戮力追求的新價值，自然也經歷了這段思想轉型的過程；在轉型過程中隨著張灝先生所指出中國近代思想之普遍主義/特殊主義雙層建構現象，「平等」論述也呈現出普遍性平等與特殊性平等觀的雙重展演。本文即是欲從轉型時代的角度出發，觀察「平等」觀念從傳統發展至現代的過程中，如何在普遍性上成為中國近代知識分子於理想上的永恆追求；又如何在特殊性上滿足不同行動者於現實層面的生命–政治目的。追尋中國近代平等觀念在轉型時代中的發展，以及平等觀念如何回應中國近代三大兩歧命題：傳統/現代、理想/現實、政界/家界的矛盾與拉扯，即為本文之主要研究目的與論述核心所在。 本文在研究範圍上，主要以康有為、嚴復、章太炎等三人「平等」論述為主，而旁及中國近代其他知識分子的平等觀，以及與平等觀念發展相伴共生的其他相關近代論述。而在研究方法上，則採用綜合的觀念史研究法，一方面觀察宏觀面向的中國近代平等觀念史發展及其類型結構，一方面觀察微觀部分的論者個體「以言行事」(Illocutionary Act)與「以言取效」(Perlocutionary Act)的平等論述內在動機；而上述兼顧宏觀與微觀的綜合觀念史研究法，則必須透過數位人文技術(Digital Humanities)的協助才能達到研究方法循環，故本文研究即由綜合的觀念史研究法與數位人文研究法合作完成。而在研究結果上，本文分析了康有為、嚴復、章太炎等三人平等觀後，提出中國近代平等觀念的形成發展，依序有啟蒙平等、救亡平等、革命平等的歷時性發展特徵；以及三人皆各自代表了國學近代化下的儒家平等、道家平等、佛家平等觀之觀念類型。並在描繪出三人平等觀的特殊性後，更進一步地勾勒出三人平等觀的普遍性意義，即僅追求政界平等而不論家界秩序，呈現出一種有別於五四時期激進式三綱平等訴求的漸進式平等觀念形態，本文認為漸進式平等即是晚清平等觀念最為特殊之展演。 在本文研究貢獻上，則是對以往學者大都認為西方觀念一入中國，就立即挑戰了三綱，而呈現出三綱同時瓦解的主張進行商榷。本文認為以往學者忽略了晚清時期有一批知識分子，他們戮力於緩解家界倫常的平等革命而不贊成家界平等，這一行動群體的存在是前輩學者較為忽略的部份。因此本文透過康有為、嚴復、章太炎等三人，勾勒出中國近代知識分子中僅追求政界革命而反對家界革命一派的主張，並動態刻劃這個群體與主張三綱平等的無政府主義者之對詰過程，豐富清末民初歷史研究的厚度，即為本文之研究貢獻。 而在康有為以儒學本土資源完成啟蒙平等觀的建構、嚴復從道學出發建構救亡平等觀，以及章太炎從佛學會通革命平等觀的行動過程中，也標示了一個晚清階段國學再造的特殊意義，即：中國近代知識分子在意圖透過會通傳統本土資源與西方觀念，以追求啟蒙、救亡、革命目的下，也順勢促成了中國傳統國學的近代化發展。而中國近代平等觀念中所呈現出的國學近代化色彩僅為一個面向，中國近代知識分子乃是透過對於整個傳統國學觀念系統內涵的轉置，來強化國學與西方文明之間的對話能力，並完成國學從傳統邁入現代的再造歷程。故將來可從「國學近代化」的角度出發，觀察各種本土觀念如何透過與西學會通，完成中國近代思想觀念從傳統到現代的轉型過程，藉此更整全地掌握中國近代思想轉型之樣態，此即本文具有借鑑性之理論意義與推廣前景所在。