This work that called How to orientate social relationships in the crisis period? is concerned with works of three chosen authors of European philosophical phenomenological tradition in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. They are Zygmunt Bauman (Pole), Byung-Chul Han (Korean living in Europe for longer time) and Anna Hogenová (Czech). This work has built according to uniform scheme for all three authors. It presents their life and work shortly then presents their ideas and conceptions in a longer face. It also presents response of their works by chosen authors from The Czech Republic and foreigners. Important ideas and conceptions have to serve as a possible way in a help for social work and also for description, analysis, possible development and solution of problems that arise in the crisis period or - as well as told with Bauman - in liquid times. This work has written i terms of Christian Crisis and Pastoral Work - Diaconia so it contents also reference to this subject of study. This work derives from works of three main authors and from works of next ones, too. An important part is a work with Holy Scripture.

Denna undersökning syftade till att undersöka vad som ligger bakom beslutet att välja ett liv inom en religiös traditionsbunden systerorden, i dagens samhälle där individualism, kommersialism och sekulära värden dominerar. Genom ett fokus på systerorden Daughters of Saint Paul och en kvalitativ analys av publicerat material i form av boken Millennial Nuns- reflections on living a spiritual life in a world of social media, samt det material de själva publicerat under hashtaggen #medianuns på plattformen Instagram, var syftet att försöka uttyda vilka motiv och drivkrafter som legat bakom systrarnas beslut att välja ett vigt religiöst liv där löftet om avhållsamhet, fattigdom och lydnad avges. Syftet har även varit att utröna vilka värden och normer dessa kvinnor ut millenniegenerationen vänder sig till respektive ifrån när de väljer ett liv som syster. Zygmunt Baumans perspektiv, genom boken Liquid Modernity, har tillsammans med tidigare forskning inom religionssociologi och religionspsykologi agerat som guide och tolk till det moderna samhället och i utforskandet av systrarnas bakgrund och omständigheter. Resultatet av undersökningen tyder på att gemenskap och det kollektiva gemensamma syftet, i form av Daughters of Saint Pauls mission genom diverse medier, är av större vikt än ett fokus på individualism. Att tydliga ramar i ett dogmatiskt religiöst sammanhang med ledarskap och vägledning i form av katolska kyrkans lära, vigningslöftets betydelse och en vilja att dedikera sitt liv till en gudsgestalt, väger tyngre än tvåsamhet, karriär och ett individfokus.

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-05-15T17:48:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 468692 - Texto Completo.pdf: 27638414 bytes, checksum: a053973c7f82bd9ac613bafb3e6fe00a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T17:48:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 468692 - Texto Completo.pdf: 27638414 bytes, checksum: a053973c7f82bd9ac613bafb3e6fe00a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-26 / This dissertation analises the work of the austrian director Michael Haneke, placing it as a cinematographic representation of the liquid discomfort. To do so, first, it makes a historical and social survey about the elements that compose the liquid discomfort. Then, it studies is forming concepts, through the work of Jean Braudillard and, mainly, through the liquid theory of Zygmunt Bauman, characterizing the liquid discomfort from those theories. From that point, it brings Haneke as an author, to allow the use of his cinematography in terms of filmic representation of the liquid discomfort. As a methodological model of analysis, it bases in Aumont and Dubois to create an hybrid method of a more fluid and essay-like way: the narrative analysis. Supported in this progression, it analyses Haneke's first two feature films comercially distributed in screening rooms, The seventh continent (1989), and Benny?s video (1992), with the intent of showing its hipothesis. / Esta disserta??o analisa a obra do diretor austr?aco Michael Haneke, posicionando-a como uma representa??o cinematogr?fica do mal-estar l?quido. Para isso, em um primeiro momento, faz um levantamento hist?rico e social a respeito dos elementos que comp?em o mal-estar l?quido. Posteriormente, estuda seus conceitos formadores, atrav?s do trabalho de Jean Baudrillard e, principalmente, da teoria l?quida de Zygmunt Bauman, caracterizando o mal-estar l?quido a partir dessas teorias. Em seguida, traz a figura de Haneke como autor, para possibilitar a utiliza??o de sua cinematografia em termos de representa??o filmogr?fica do mal-estar l?quido. Como um modelo metodol?gico de an?lise, se baseia em Aumont e Dubois para criar um m?todo h?brido de an?lise mais ensa?stica e fluida: a an?lise narrativa. Apoiada nesta progress?o, parte para a an?lise dos dois primeiros longas-metragens de Haneke lan?ados comercialmente em salas de exibi??o, sendo eles O s?timo continente (1989) e O v?deo de Benny (1992), com o intuito de demonstrar suas hip?teses

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-05-12T13:14:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 João Nicodemos Martins Manfio.pdf: 3538637 bytes, checksum: 7455a6d5895789c43e35beeb806af5ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T13:14:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 João Nicodemos Martins Manfio.pdf: 3538637 bytes, checksum: 7455a6d5895789c43e35beeb806af5ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-05 / This thesis analyse the biobibliography of Zygmunt Bauman, sociologist who made the idea of liquid modernity universal. Through the analysis of the phases of his thought, with the help of the interpreters of his work Aguiluz-Ibargüen (2009), Beilharz (2001), Smith (1999), Béjar (2005) and Tester (2004) proved to be essentially concerned thinker with the daily lives of people in their struggle for survival and defender of dialogue between the different. The possibility of an encounter between the author and other important educational thinkers such as Freire (1996), Pineau (2003) and Morin (2015) has been built from the observation that education faces institutional crisis due to the transformations in liquid modernity. From the identification with his thought was made reflection on the personal course from the primary school to the higher teaching highlighting vicissitudes and conquests. Personal interviews were conducted with Bauman that support the understanding of his teachings for the convergence between Social Sciences and Education / Esta tese analisa a biobibliografia de Zygmunt Bauman, sociólogo que universalizou a ideia de modernidade líquida. Por meio da análise das fases de seu pensamento, com o auxílio dos intérpretes de sua obra: Aguiluz-Ibargüen (2009), Beilharz (2001), Smith (1999), Béjar (2007) e Tester (2004), revelou-se pensador preocupado essencialmente com o cotidiano das pessoas na sua luta pela sobrevivência e defensor do diálogo entre os diferentes. Construiu-se possibilidade de encontro entre o autor e outros importantes pensadores da educação como Freire (1996), Pineau (2003) e Morin (2015) a partir da constatação de que a educação enfrenta crise institucional decorrente das transformações na modernidade líquida. Da identificação com seu pensamento fez-se reflexão sobre o percurso pessoal desde a escola primária até a docência superior, destacando vicissitudes e conquistas. Entrevistas realizadas pessoalmente com Bauman sustentam a compreensão de seus ensinamentos para a convergência entre as Ciências Sociais e a Educação

I denna studie undersöks socialsekreterarens moraliska värderingar och resonemang i en situation där polis kräver henne på sekretessbelagd information om en klient med utvisningsbeslut. Studien är genomförd med en kvalitativ vinjettmetod där 10 respondenter, samtliga yrkesverksamma socialsekreterare, tagit del av ett fiktivt fall och utifrån detta besvarat ett tiotal frågor kring värderingar, dilemman och beslutsfattande. Data har analyserats med hjälp av en innehållsanalys. Analysen har genomförts genom Zygmunt Bauman och Tim May ́s  teori om ansvar och moraliskt handlande samt Simone de Beauvoirs teori om människans utövande av frihet. Resultatet visar att samtliga respondenter ställer sig kritiska till polisens order samt upplever en konflikt mellan personliga värderingar och arbetsplikt. Majoriteten uppger att de skulle sätta sina personliga värderingar åt sidan och i första hand agera utifrån vad de anser vara arbetsplikten. Flertalet beskriver samtidigt kompromissande strategier, där deras personliga värderingar får ta plats genom tysta och individuella motståndsstrategier, för att på så vis kringgå det upplevda moraliska dilemmat. Resultatet visar sammanfattningsvis på en stor variation i socialsekreterarens handlande och uppfattning av personligt och yrkesmässigt ansvar, samt upplevelse av frihet. / In this study, the social worker ́s moral values and reasoning are investigated in a situation where the police require her to handle out secret classified information about a client with deportation decisions. The study was conducted with a qualitative vignette method in which10 respondents, all working social workers at the social services, responded to a fictitiou scase, answering ten questions about values, dilemmas and decision-making. Data has been analyzed using a content analysis. The analysis was carried out through Zygmunt Bauman and Tim May's theory of man ́s moral action as well as Simone de Beauvoir's theory of man'sexercise of freedom. The result shows that all respondents are critical to the police's orders and they all experience a conflict between personal values and work obligations. The majority state that they would put aside their personal values and primarily act on basis ofwhat they consider to be the duty to work. at the same time the majority describe compromising strategies, where they let their personal values take place through silent and individual resistance strategies, in order to bypass the perceived moral dilemma. Inconclusion, the results show a great variation in the social workers actions and perception ofpersonal and professional responsibility and their freedom.

I norra London startade, den sjätte augusti 2011, ett av de största upploppen i modern tid. Syftet med denna teoretiska uppsats är att - inspirerat av londonupploppen - diskutera olika teoretiska sätt att förklara och förstå händelserna ifråga, med särskild fokus på relationen mellan strukturellt och direkt våld. Styrande teman är socialt utanförskap, skam och vanmakt. Analysen indikerar att det sociala utanförskap som strukturellt våld och relativ deprivation skapar är grogrunden för vanmakt och skam – två känslor som är intimt förknippade med direkt våld. En central iaktagelse är att när människans möjligheter till gemenskap direkt eller strukturellt hämmas, skapas en sociopsykologisk miljö där riskerna för direkt våld intensifieras.

本研究旨在以社會學家Zygmunt Bauman的「液態現代性」概念為理論基礎，討論社會「液化」過程中新聞工作本質有何轉變，並探究當前未曾經歷台灣新聞產業蓬勃、初入行即面臨新聞價值、專業與勞動條件不穩定狀態的新一代記者，如何看待新聞工作及其自身角色意涵。 　　Bauman指出，當前社會在由固態現代性過渡至液態現代性過程中具「時空關係轉變」、「資本與勞動力分離」、「生產者社會轉向者消費社會」及「權力運作方式改變」等特質。本研究循此討論新聞工作之本質於「時間與速度」、「傳受雙方關係」、「工作穩定性」及「媒體組織角色」等面向的轉變，並以敘事探究之方式蒐集新一代記者的工作故事，分析其對新聞工作及自身角色的認知。 　　研究結果發現，當前新聞工作深陷伴隨媒體科技而來的速度競賽中，使報導傾向快速淺薄，記者個人工作成果亦難以累積。而由於媒體組織內未能提供穩定薪資成長或以裁員及短期約聘為營運手段，促成當前新聞工作的高流動性與低穩定性。且當前媒體組織與新聞記者之權威地位常賴閱聽人／消費者之觀看與評價而確立，使新一代記者改視新聞工作為提供資訊之「服務業」。 　　此種媒介境況影響著新一代記者對自身角色的認知：工作不穩定使其須時時關注自身表現能否被組織看見並達成期待，凸顯其為「組織中之工作者」；當其應組織要求執行業配等額外工作時，又須「兼具記者、廣告與業務之角色」；在組織頻以商業利益主導人事策略之際，則迫使其屢「以商業價格衡量自身價值」，認為「便宜又好用」是其未被裁員或受聘雇之緣由，無法感受自身的不可替代性。 　　但另一方面，當前媒體境況中的新一代記者亦「期待改變並尋求突破」，希冀藉由接觸新的人事物刺激思維且提升能力，並於固有工作中尋找突破之可能；而於媒體環境及記者社會地位不佳之際，他們仍「對自身表現充滿期許」，認為須每日拿出成績、努力獲得挖角加薪之機會與他人肯定；新一代記者亦認為新聞工作「具影響力與個人意義」，個人的興趣與工作成就感是其繼續工作之動力。 　　綜上所述，液態現代性社會中的速度競賽、勞資分離、消費者社會以及對輕盈流動與彈性靈活的追求顯皆促使整體媒介境況變遷，改變新一代記者與新聞工作、媒體組織及閱聽人／消費者間之關係。而新一代記者對自身角色的理解一方面受媒體組織內的工作形態與工作穩定性之影響，另方面則反映其在具流動靈活的液態現代性社會中猶能積極工作的心境。

A mídia impressa foi o foco central deste estudo, que se centrou na análise de revistas e, simultaneamente, na discussão das mesmas por um grupo de acadêmicos de Comunicação Social. A pesquisa busca compreender como uma expressão ambivalente como “ter atitude” — disseminada amplamente na mídia — acaba por mostrar as fraturas de um conceito historicamente construído como o de “juventude”; ou seja, busco analisar a importância da expressão “ter atitude”, na medida em que, por meio dela, podemos observar o quanto características dadas como “imutáveis” para caracterizar os jovens vêm se modificando, vêm se dissolvendo.Tendo como referência teórica privilegiada os estudos de Zygmunt Bauman, desenvolvi análises que colocam em relevo a estreita relação entre a cultura jovem e a globalização. Tal articulação permitiu‐me estruturar discussões sobre os conceitos que emergiram como centrais na tese: juventude líquida, ambivalência e identidade. Dois conjuntos de materiais constituíram o corpus de análise da pesquisa. O primeiro conjunto foi composto por materiais extraídos da Revista MTV (especialmente, editoriais e campanhas publicitárias). O segundo conjunto resulta das discussões desenvolvidas junto a dois grupos de acadêmicos do curso de Comunicação do Centro Universitário Feevale. A investigação evidenciou de que maneira uma expressão ambivalente como “ter atitude” encontra num universo igualmente ambivalente (o dos jovens) um lócus notável para sua efetivação, e analisou de que forma e por quais caminhos ela acaba por encontrar no universo jovem um meio singular e sugestivo para seu implemento. / Printed media has been the central focus of this study, which has concentrated on both the analysis and discussion of magazines by a group of students of Social Communication. The research is an attempt to understand how an ambivalent phrase such as “showing attitude” – widely spread in media – has ended up uncovering fractures of a historically built concept such as “youth”. I have tried to analyze the importance of the phrase “showing attitude” in the sense that, through it, we can observe how features viewed as “immutable” that characterize youths have both changed and dissolved. Having the studies carried out by Zigmund Bauman as a privileged theoretical reference, the analyses have emphasized the strict relationship between young culture and globalization. Such articulation has allowed for structuring discussions about the concepts that emerged as central to this thesis: liquid youth, ambivalence and identity. Two sets of materials have constituted the corpus of analysis. Materials extracted from MTV Magazine (especially editorials and advertising campaigns) composed the first set. The second set resulted from discussions developed with two groups of Communication students of Centro Universitário Feevale. The investigation has evidenced the way an ambivalent phrase such as “showing attitude” has reached a remarkable locus in an equally ambivalent universe (that of young people) so as to take effect. It has also analyzed how and in which ways that phrase has found a singular and suggestive means, in the young universe, to be implemented.

This study investigates the relationship between the individual and their monthly donation to the INGO Amnesty International Sweden as a process of identity stimulation. Problematizing how consuming a brand whichdoes not give anything concrete back to the individual communicates through core values in order to strengthen identity. The study uses theories from Zygmunt Bauman, Sidney Levy, Lilie Chouliaraki and Ronald E. Anderson. According to research for the relationship between the individual and brand there has been a shift where the individual choses brands from other parameters than function, rather this is made from its representation. Therefore consuming brands is an expression for identity. Furthermore research about charity organizations states that there has been a shift in how they communicate and affect individuals’ need to reduce suffering - identity stimulation - as a consequence of neoliberalism. The study is constructed through a qualitative methodology that collects empirical data from responsive- and flexible deep interviews, with respondents who donates monthly to Amnesty International Sweden and are in the age gap between 18-30 years old. The study does not aim for a generalization of the result, rather it investigates how identity can be stimulated through Amnesty International Sweden using concepts as self-oriented, others-oriented and reduce suffering. The result proves what have been stated by former theories, were the relationship between the individual and brand functions as an identity stimulation through different aspects such as identification and distance, the individual as a product and ways to materialize this. However, there has been a clear shift in the individuals awareness of online and offline behaviour which affects how they present themselves as a product. As pointed out earlier by theories from Bauman and Levy, the resultemphasizesthat the individual consumes a brand that represents themselves and strengthens their identity individually and to their social environment. Lastly,the study discuss its result of new individual behavior online and offline as a consequence of neoliberalism and how research within media- and communication studies can further help us understand how communication technology and political forces can affect each other in regards of individual behaviour. The study and its result is situated in the junction between the digital communicative sphere and constant political changes.

A mídia impressa foi o foco central deste estudo, que se centrou na análise de revistas e, simultaneamente, na discussão das mesmas por um grupo de acadêmicos de Comunicação Social. A pesquisa busca compreender como uma expressão ambivalente como “ter atitude” — disseminada amplamente na mídia — acaba por mostrar as fraturas de um conceito historicamente construído como o de “juventude”; ou seja, busco analisar a importância da expressão “ter atitude”, na medida em que, por meio dela, podemos observar o quanto características dadas como “imutáveis” para caracterizar os jovens vêm se modificando, vêm se dissolvendo.Tendo como referência teórica privilegiada os estudos de Zygmunt Bauman, desenvolvi análises que colocam em relevo a estreita relação entre a cultura jovem e a globalização. Tal articulação permitiu‐me estruturar discussões sobre os conceitos que emergiram como centrais na tese: juventude líquida, ambivalência e identidade. Dois conjuntos de materiais constituíram o corpus de análise da pesquisa. O primeiro conjunto foi composto por materiais extraídos da Revista MTV (especialmente, editoriais e campanhas publicitárias). O segundo conjunto resulta das discussões desenvolvidas junto a dois grupos de acadêmicos do curso de Comunicação do Centro Universitário Feevale. A investigação evidenciou de que maneira uma expressão ambivalente como “ter atitude” encontra num universo igualmente ambivalente (o dos jovens) um lócus notável para sua efetivação, e analisou de que forma e por quais caminhos ela acaba por encontrar no universo jovem um meio singular e sugestivo para seu implemento. / Printed media has been the central focus of this study, which has concentrated on both the analysis and discussion of magazines by a group of students of Social Communication. The research is an attempt to understand how an ambivalent phrase such as “showing attitude” – widely spread in media – has ended up uncovering fractures of a historically built concept such as “youth”. I have tried to analyze the importance of the phrase “showing attitude” in the sense that, through it, we can observe how features viewed as “immutable” that characterize youths have both changed and dissolved. Having the studies carried out by Zigmund Bauman as a privileged theoretical reference, the analyses have emphasized the strict relationship between young culture and globalization. Such articulation has allowed for structuring discussions about the concepts that emerged as central to this thesis: liquid youth, ambivalence and identity. Two sets of materials have constituted the corpus of analysis. Materials extracted from MTV Magazine (especially editorials and advertising campaigns) composed the first set. The second set resulted from discussions developed with two groups of Communication students of Centro Universitário Feevale. The investigation has evidenced the way an ambivalent phrase such as “showing attitude” has reached a remarkable locus in an equally ambivalent universe (that of young people) so as to take effect. It has also analyzed how and in which ways that phrase has found a singular and suggestive means, in the young universe, to be implemented.