<p>Twice as many women as men suffer from mental ill-health. The negative trend of mental problems among teenagers continues. In certain places in Sweden, 40 per cent of the teenage girls have outspoken symptoms of depression. This is why it is important to observe mental ill-health in a public health perspective.</p><p> </p><p>One effect evaluation of the DISA method (Depression In Swedish Adolescents) drew the conclusion that this universal depression preventive method is well working. The DISA method includes cognitive behavioural techniques that change negative pattern of thinking, give practice of communication, strategies of problem solution plus exercises to strengthen the social network. The purpose, in current investigation, was to let the group leaders’ estimations of the carrying through and of future prospects of the method be the basis of the method development as the method can be more effective. Six persons, who recently had became group leaders of DISA in Västmanland, were selected as interviewees by structured selection. Qualitative interviews were completed. A manifest qualitative content analysis carried through on the transcriptions.</p><p> </p><p>Generally speaking, the interest of the method is great and there are bright prospects, according to the result of investigation. The basic education of DISA could however be experienced as heavy and intensive with a negative focus. The structured method material has an advanced language and a stereotyped gender perspective that influence the group meetings, which takes a lot of work and time. The supervision facilitates for the group leaders, as they through supervision will learn from each other’s experiences. A conclusion is that good anchorage of the method facilitates for the group leaders during implementation where the group meetings are carried through.</p> / <p>Dubbelt så många kvinnor som män lider av psykisk ohälsa. Den negativa trenden av psykiska besvär bland tonåringar fortsätter. På vissa ställen i Sverige har 40 procent av tonårsflickorna uttalade depressionssymptom. Därför är det viktigt att uppmärksamma psykisk ohälsa ur ett folkhälsoperspektiv.</p><p> </p><p>En effektutvärdering av DISA-metoden (Depression In Swedish Adolescents) drog slutsatsen att denna universella depressionsförebyggande metod är välfungerande. DISA-metoden innefattar kognitiva beteendetekniker som förändrar negativa tankemönster, ger kommunikationsträning, problemlösningsstrategier samt övningar till att stärka det sociala nätverket. Syftet, i aktuell undersökning, var att låta gruppledarnas bedömningar av genomförandet och av metodens framtidsutsikter utgöra grund för metodutvecklingen, då metoden kan bli mer verkningsfull. Sex nyblivna DISA-gruppledare i Västmanland valdes ut som intervjupersoner genom strategiskt urval. Kvalitativa intervjuer fullbordades och manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys genomfördes på transkriberingarna.</p><p> </p><p>Intresset för metoden är generellt sett stort och framtidsutsikterna är goda, enligt undersökningsresultatet. Grundutbildningen i DISA kan emellertid upplevas som tung och intensiv med negativt fokus. Det strukturerade metodmaterialet har ett avancerat språk och stereotypt genusperspektiv, vilket inverkar på gruppträffarna som kräver mycket arbete och tid. Handledningen underlättar för gruppledarna, då de under handledningen kan lära av varandras erfarenheter. En slutsats är att god förankring av metoden underlättar för DISA-gruppledarna under implementeringen där gruppträffarna genomförs.</p>

No description available.

Twice as many women as men suffer from mental ill-health. The negative trend of mental problems among teenagers continues. In certain places in Sweden, 40 per cent of the teenage girls have outspoken symptoms of depression. This is why it is important to observe mental ill-health in a public health perspective.   One effect evaluation of the DISA method (Depression In Swedish Adolescents) drew the conclusion that this universal depression preventive method is well working. The DISA method includes cognitive behavioural techniques that change negative pattern of thinking, give practice of communication, strategies of problem solution plus exercises to strengthen the social network. The purpose, in current investigation, was to let the group leaders’ estimations of the carrying through and of future prospects of the method be the basis of the method development as the method can be more effective. Six persons, who recently had became group leaders of DISA in Västmanland, were selected as interviewees by structured selection. Qualitative interviews were completed. A manifest qualitative content analysis carried through on the transcriptions.   Generally speaking, the interest of the method is great and there are bright prospects, according to the result of investigation. The basic education of DISA could however be experienced as heavy and intensive with a negative focus. The structured method material has an advanced language and a stereotyped gender perspective that influence the group meetings, which takes a lot of work and time. The supervision facilitates for the group leaders, as they through supervision will learn from each other’s experiences. A conclusion is that good anchorage of the method facilitates for the group leaders during implementation where the group meetings are carried through. / Dubbelt så många kvinnor som män lider av psykisk ohälsa. Den negativa trenden av psykiska besvär bland tonåringar fortsätter. På vissa ställen i Sverige har 40 procent av tonårsflickorna uttalade depressionssymptom. Därför är det viktigt att uppmärksamma psykisk ohälsa ur ett folkhälsoperspektiv.   En effektutvärdering av DISA-metoden (Depression In Swedish Adolescents) drog slutsatsen att denna universella depressionsförebyggande metod är välfungerande. DISA-metoden innefattar kognitiva beteendetekniker som förändrar negativa tankemönster, ger kommunikationsträning, problemlösningsstrategier samt övningar till att stärka det sociala nätverket. Syftet, i aktuell undersökning, var att låta gruppledarnas bedömningar av genomförandet och av metodens framtidsutsikter utgöra grund för metodutvecklingen, då metoden kan bli mer verkningsfull. Sex nyblivna DISA-gruppledare i Västmanland valdes ut som intervjupersoner genom strategiskt urval. Kvalitativa intervjuer fullbordades och manifest kvalitativ innehållsanalys genomfördes på transkriberingarna.   Intresset för metoden är generellt sett stort och framtidsutsikterna är goda, enligt undersökningsresultatet. Grundutbildningen i DISA kan emellertid upplevas som tung och intensiv med negativt fokus. Det strukturerade metodmaterialet har ett avancerat språk och stereotypt genusperspektiv, vilket inverkar på gruppträffarna som kräver mycket arbete och tid. Handledningen underlättar för gruppledarna, då de under handledningen kan lära av varandras erfarenheter. En slutsats är att god förankring av metoden underlättar för DISA-gruppledarna under implementeringen där gruppträffarna genomförs.

No description available.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The Mycobacterium genus includes M. tuberculosis complex (CMTB) species and others called nontuberculous mycobacteria (MNT). The CMTB bacilli cause tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infectious disease, which commonly affects the lungs. Since the MNT cause other mycobacterial infections. The correct diagnosis of diseases caused by mycobacteria is essential for determining treatment. The tuberculosis treatment regimen in Brazil is recommended by the National Tuberculosis Control/Ministry of Health (PNCT/MS) and was recently modified. The main changes proposed by the Technical Advisory Committee of PNCT/MS were: to introduce a fourth drug, ethambutol, during the attack and take the combination of drugs in tablet form, with fixed-dose combinations (FDC) 4 in 1, for intensive treatment phase, and 2 in 1 for the maintenance phase. Due to the high incidence of tuberculosis in Brazil and worldwide, the emergence of resistant strains and the deployment of new therapies by the Ministry of Health, this study aimed to evaluate the susceptibility to antituberculosis or individually associated clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the University Hospital Mary. The antimicrobial susceptibility alone or associated (rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol) was evaluated using the microdilution method (MMC) and compared to the proportion method (MP), gold standard method for susceptibility to mycobacteria. The MMC has proven to be a rapid, easily performed and well correlated with the MP. We have found various clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis resistant to one, two or three drug when tested against four drugs alone. However, when they were tested against four drugs associated with the FDC no strain was considered resistant. This fact is against the concept of FDC which aims to unite the four anti-TB drugs to combat the resistance of the bacilli. / O gênero Mycobacterium é constituído por espécies do Complexo M. tuberculosis (CMTB) e outras denominadas de micobactérias não tuberculosas (MNT). Os bacilos do CMTB causam a tuberculose (TB), uma doença infecciosa bacteriana, a qual comumente afeta os pulmões. Já as MNT causam outras micobacterioses. O diagnostico correto das doenças causadas pelas micobactérias é essencial para a definição do tratamento. O esquema de tratamento para a tuberculose no Brasil é preconizado pelo Programa Nacional de Controle da Tuberculose/Ministério da Saúde (PNCT/MS) e foi recentemente modificado. As principais mudanças propostas pelo Comitê Técnico Assessor do PNCT/MS foram: introduzir um quarto fármaco, o etambutol, na fase de ataque e adotar a associação dos fármacos em forma de comprimidos, com doses fixas combinadas (DFC) 4 em 1, para a fase de tratamento intensivo, e, 2 em 1, para fase de manutenção. Devido à grande incidência da tuberculose no Brasil e no mundo, à emergência de cepas resistentes e à implantação de novas terapias pelo Ministério da Saúde, este trabalho objetivou avaliar a suscetibilidade aos tuberculostáticos associados ou individualmente dos isolados clínicos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis do Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria. A suscetibilidade aos antimicrobianos isolados ou associados (rifampicina, isoniazida, pirazinamida e etambutol) foi avaliada através do método de microdiluição em caldo (MMC) e comparados ao método das proporções (MP), método padrão ouro para suscetibilidade de micobactérias. O MMC mostrou-se ser um método rápido, de fácil realização e boa correlação com o MP. Foram encontrados vários isolados clínicos de M. tuberculosis resistentes a um, dois ou três fármacos quando testados frente aos quatro fármacos isoladamente. Porem, quando estes foram, testados contra os quatro fármacos da DFC associados nenhuma cepa foi considerada resistente. Este fato vem de encontro ao conceito da DFC a qual pretende unir os quatro medicamentos anti-TB para combater a resistência dos bacilos.

The sudden transition to distance education due to the Covid-19 outbreak was a significant change in the standard of education at many universities. This thesis studies the impact of distance and online-based learning on second- and third-year students within the Computer Science Engineering program at Malmö University in Sweden during the autumn and spring semesters 2020. The data were collected through a questionnaire and interviews as well as Ladok. The results indicated that students’ attendance, participation, motivation, engagement, and interactions with their teachers or classmates were negatively affected by distance and online-based learning. However, the results of the educational outcome differed as the grades of second-year students were negatively affected while the grades of third-year students were unaffected. To improve the specific digital tools/platforms used, teachers and students had suggestions such as using tools with a chat function, recording all lectures, and sending notifications of new material in Canvas to students. To improve the overall experience of distance and online-based education, teachers and students suggested changes such as introducing more interactive elements, planning small-group activities or discussions via Zoom, and providing blended physical/online lectures and labs. / Den plötsliga övergången till distansutbildning på grund av Covid-19 utbrottet var en betydande förändring av utbildnings standarden vid många universitet. Denna avhandling studerar distans och nätbaserat lärandes inverkan på andra- och tredjeårsstudenter inom datavetenskap programmet vid Malmö universitet i Sverige under höst- och vårterminerna 2020. Uppgifterna samlades in genom enkät och intervjuer också från Ladok. Resultaten indikerade att elevernas närvaro, deltagande, motivation, engagemang och interaktioner med sina lärare eller klasskamrater påverkades negativt av distans och nätbaserat lärande. Resultaten av betyg skiljde sig emellertid eftersom betygen för andraårsstudenter påverkades negativt medan betygen för tredjeårsstudenterna var opåverkade. För att förbättra de specifika digitala verktyg/plattformar som använts hade lärare och studenter förslag såsom att använda verktyg med en chattfunktion, spela in alla föreläsningar och skicka meddelanden om nytt material i Canvas till studenter. För att förbättra den övergripande upplevelsen av distans och nätbaserad utbildning, föreslog lärare och studenter förändringar såsom att införa mer interaktiva element, planera små grupper eller diskussioner via Zoom och tillhandahålla blandade fysiska/online föreläsningar och labb.

Byggbranschen är inne i en övergångsfas mellan 2D och 3D. BIM, som arbetsmetod, och 3D-modeller blir allt vanligare. I broprojekt är dock efterfrågan på dessa modeller låg. På WSP i Stockholm används 3D-modelleringprogrammet Tekla Structures i stor utsträckning på flera avdelningar. Önskemål finns om att utöka användningen av programmet även inom broprojektering. För att det ska bli möjligt krävs en större efterfrågan hos företagets kunder. Detta examensarbete har till syfte att ur kundens synvinkel utvärdera Tekla Structures som verktyg samt vilken nytta kunden har av Tekla-modeller. För att kunna belysa ämnet ur detta perspektiv har intervjuer gjorts med olika kunder till WSP. Deras behov och syn på BIM och Tekla Structures i brosammanhang har kartlagts och analyserats. Aspekter som kunden lyft fram i intervjuerna har fungerat som plattform för analys av en 3D-modell som konstruerats med hjälp av Tekla Structures samt två redan projekterade broar, modellerade i samma program. Analysen visar att kundnyttan av att använda Tekla-modeller i broprojekt är stor men för att möjliggöra hantering av modellerna krävs stora insatser. Utvärdering av programvaran visar även dess starka respektive svaga sidor. Resultatet av arbetet redovisas i rapportens följande sidor. / The building industry is going trough a transitional stage, from 2D to 3D. BIM, as a working method, and 3D models are becoming more common. In bridge project however, the demand for 3D models is low. At WSP in Stockholm the 3D modelling program Tekla Structures is widely used in several departments. There is a desire to expand the usage of the program also when it comes to bridge planning. To make that possible a bigger request by the customers is required. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate Tekla Structure as a tool from a customer perspective and to analyse the customer values by using Tekla models. To shed light on this issue interviews have been made with different customers of WSP. The customers’ needs and their reflections on BIM and Tekla Structures in bridge projects are mapped out and analysed. Aspects reached by the customers have served as a basis for analyse of a 3D model, built up in Tekla Structures, as well as two bridges – already modelled in the same program. The analysis shows that there is a big customer value by using Tekla models in bridge projects, but to enable management models great efforts are required. An evaluation of the software also shows both strengths and weaknesses. In the following pages the result is presented.

The purpose of this thesis is partly to analyze the influence of opinion polls on minor parties in the Swedish parliament and partly to study how those minor parties react to poor results in opinion polls. Previous research in the field has been conducted by researchers such as Per Oleskog Tryggvason, who constructed four arenas; internal, electoral, media and parliamentary, in which parties tend to respond to changes in opinion polls. This thesis contribution is to test the results of previous research with the choice of a qualitative method, in contrast to the large amount of quantitative research already conducted in the field. In addition we also found and examined a research gap about how minor parties strategically respond to changes in the arenas, through nine in-depth interviews with mainly former party secretaries. The results show that our study confirms what previous research has said about how opinion polls have affected political parties. Our analysis also shows that minor parties react to poor opinion polls in different arenas, for example they tend to work harder internally, clarify their policies and seek more visibility. Horewer, more research is needed to increase knowledge about the parties' actions against opinion figures.

The load response to voltage and frequency changeshas a considerable impact on the behaviour of the powersystem. Thus, the selection of a load model structure andits corresponding parameters is an important task in orderto study and predict the system behaviour. Currently,the Nordic Transmission System Operators (TSO) use theZIP load model, as it provides an easy and flexible way ofrepresenting the load. The main goal of the thesis has beento test two approaches for deriving ZIP model parameters,namely the component-based and measurement-basedapproaches. The former approach uses predefined parametervalues, and information on the loads electricityconsumption, whereas the latter uses measurement dataand curve-fitting techniques. In order to evaluate themethodology, a case study has been performed, wherethe two aggregation approaches were applied on anevaluation point. It was found that the aggregation bymeans of the component-based approach may result in ZIPparameters lacking physical significance. ZIP parameterswithout physical significance pose a challenge for systemplanners, who may have difficulties in accepting thesevalues as they are less intuitive than physically significantones. Furthermore, the results of the measurement-basedapproach indicate that the ZIP model has some limitationwhen it comes to the sudden load changes that it canaccommodate. This has been the case with the measuredreactive power in the case study. Based on the resultsof applying the methodology, it can be concluded thatthe component-based and measurement-based approachesprovide useful information when understanding powersystem loads. / Lastens svar på spänning och frekvensförändringarhar en betydande inverkan på elkraftsystemet. Sålundaär valet av en lastmodell och dess parametrar viktigt föratt kunna studera och förutsäga systemets beteende. Förnärvarande använder de nordiska stamnätsägarna (TSO)ZIP lastmodellen, eftersom det ger ett enkelt och flexibeltsätt att representera lasten. Huvudsyftet med den häravhandlingen har varit att testa två metoder för att ta framZIP modellparametrar, nämligen en komponent-baseradoch en mätnings-baserade metod. Den tidigare metodenanvänder fördefinierade parametervärden, och informationom lasternas elförbrukning, medan den senare användermätdata och kurvanpassningstekniker. För att utvärderametoden har en fallstudie genomförts där de två metodernaapplicerades på en utvärderingspunkt. Det konstateradesatt den komponent-baserade metoden kan resultera i ZIPparametrar som saknar fysisk betydelse. ZIP parametrarutan fysisk betydelse utgör en utmaning för systemplanerare,som kan ha svårt att acceptera dessa värden eftersom deär mindre intuitiva än fysiskt betydande sådana. Dessutomindikeras det, att ZIP modellen har begränsningar när detgäller att representera stora steg i den uppmätta effektenssvar, då den mätnings-baserade metoden används. Dettaär fallet för den reaktiva effekten i fallstudien. Baserat påresultaten av tillämpningen av metoden, kan man dra slutsatsenatt den komponent-baserade och mätnings-baserademetoden ge användbar information när man vill förståkraftsystems laster.

Stressrelaterade besvär ökar bland ungdomar och majoriteten av studenter upplever stress flera dagar i veckan. Tidigare forskning har visat att det finns samband mellan stress och egenförmåga, egenförmåga och socialt stöd och mellan stress och socialt stöd. Viss forskning visar även att plats i syskonskaran har ett samband med egenförmåga. Syftet med studien var att undersöka dessa samband ytterligare. De frågor som formulerades var (a) Finns det samband mellan stress, egenförmåga och socialt stöd? (b) Kan upplevt socialt stöd och upplevd egenförmåga predicera stress hos studenter? (c) Finns det skillnad mellan studenter som är yngstabarn, mellanbarn eller äldstabarn när det gäller stress, egenförmåga och socialt stöd? Deltagarna var 41 programstudenter, 37 kvinnor och 4 män (M = 25.88, SD = 5.6). Etablerade frågeformulär användes för att mäta stress, egenförmåga och socialt stöd med Cronbachs alfa på .80, .89 och .85. Data analyserades med hjälp av korrelationsanalys, regressionsanalys och oberoende envägsANOVA. Resultatet visade att (a) stress hade ett medelstarkt positivt samband med egenförmåga (r = .55, p &lt;.01), att (b) egenförmåga hade ett medelstarkt positivt samband med socialt stöd (r = .37, p &lt;.05) och att (c) det inte fanns något samband mellan stress och socialt stöd. Det var endast egenförmåga som predicerade stress (R = .52, p &lt;.01). Inga skillander fanns mellan syskonplacering kopplat till stress, egenförmåga samt socialt stöd. Resultaten var delvis i linje med tidigare forskning, dock med ett oväntat resultat angående avsaknad på samband mellan stress och socialt stöd. Resultatet diskuteras utifrån möjliga kulturella skillnader. / Stress-related disorders are increasing among adolescents and the majority of students experience stress several days a week. Previous research has shown that there is a link between stress and self-efficacy, between self-efficacy and social support and between stress and social support. Research has also shown that birth order has a link to self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to investigate these relationships further. The questions for the study was (a) Is there a connection between stress, self-efficacy and social support? (b) Can social support and self-efficacy predict stress among students? (c) Is there a difference between students depending on birth order when it comes to stress, self-efficacy and social support? The participants were 41 students, 37 women and 4 men (M = 25.88, SD = 5.6). Established questionnaires were used to measure stress, self-efficacy and social support, with Cronbachs alpha of .80, .89 and .85. The data was analyzed by using correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and independent one-way ANOVA. The results showed that (a) stress had a positive, medium strong correlation with self-efficacy (r = .55, p &lt;.01), and (b) self-efficacy had a positive, medium strong correlation with social support (r = .37, p &lt;.05) and that (c) there was no correlation between stress and social support. Self-efficacy predicted stress (R = .52, p &lt;.01). No differences were found regarding sibling position was correlated with stress, self-efficacy and social support. The results were partially in line with previous research, however, an unexpected result were regarding the absence of correlation between stress and social support. The results are discussed on the basis of possible cultural differences.