A technological community has hastily been developed and nowadays it is a majority of the Swedish population available. This study is about the constant accessibility of social media from a health perspective. The purpose of the study is to examine why university students use social media and how they feel that the health is affected through constant availability. The method used is qualitative with seven semi-structured interviews. The study result shows that university students consider that constant accessibility through social media affects the health in several ways, both positively and negatively. Positively by facilitating contact and communication, for example, study contexts and that it contributes to tighter social networks. Negatively as it contributes to stress, creates insomnia and low self-esteem. The conclusion to be drawn from the study is that university students seeing social media as a natural part of the life and the mental and physical health is negatively affected, while the social well-being positively affected. / Ett teknologiskt samhälle har hastigt vuxit fram och numera är en majoritet av den svenska befolkningen tillgänglig. Denna studie handlar om ständig tillgänglighet via sociala medier ur ett hälsoperspektiv. Syftet med studien är att undersöka varför högskolestudenter använder sociala medier och hur de upplever att hälsan påverkas genom ständig tillgänglighet. En kvalitativ metod har används med en manifest innehållsanalys. Deltagarna i studien valdes via ett målstyrt urval och sju semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. Studiens resultat visar att högskolestudenter anser att ständig tillgänglighet via sociala medier påverkar hälsan på flera sätt, både positivt och negativt. Positivt genom att det underlättar kontakt och kommunikation vid exempelvis studiesammanhang samt att det bidrar till tätare sociala nätverk. Negativt då det bidrar till stress, skapar sömnsvårigheter och låg självkänsla. Slutsatsen som kan dras av studien är att högskolestudenter ser sociala medier som en naturlig del av tillvaron och att den psykiska och fysiska hälsan påverkas negativt, samtidigt som det sociala välbefinnandet påverkas positivt.

Syftet med denna studie är att synliggöra fritidslärarares arbete med att inkludera nyanlända elever i fritidshemmet. I vår studie har vi utgått ifrån kvalitativa studier i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna skedde på två olika skolor i samma kommun med åtta fritidslärare. Utifrån erfarenheter och upplevelser från fritidslärarna har vi fått fram ett resultat och analys i samband med två olika teorier. Analysen skrevs utifrån en tematisk analys och diskussionen i stöd av tidigare forskning. Resultaten av denna studie har visat hur fritidslärarna beskriver sitt arbete med inkludering. Detta med hjälp av tillgängliga redskap såsom bilder, lekar, sånger och IKT. Hinder som har lyfts fram av fritidslärarna är att det är brist på personal och att de behöver mer tillgång till fler redskap. Slutsatsen av vår studie visar att fritidslärarna är eniga om att fritidshemmet är en viktig plats för de nyanlända eleverna för att de ska kunna inkluderas, skapa sociala relationer samt utvecklas språkligt och i sitt lärande.

Flera av de pianostuderande jag mött, inklusive mig själv, spelade aldrig kammarmusik innan gymnasiet eller musikhögskolan. Det har fått mig fundera över i vilken omfattning klaverstu-derande elever vid kultur- respektive musikskolor deltar i musikaliska samspel. Studien har som syfte att kartlägga i vilken utsträckning lärare i klaverinstrument på kultur- respektive musikskolor i Stockholms län arbetar med musikaliskt samspel med sina elever och vilka faktorer som påverkar vilka elever som samspelar med andra elever. Datainsamling gjordes med hjälp av e-postade enkäter till klaverlärare på kultur- respektive musikskolor. Sedan analyserades svaren univariat, bivariat, tematiskt och samband prövades på sin statistiska signifikans. Resultatet visar dels på att de flesta hade tillfällen då deras elever spelade med någon under deras lektioner, dels att det skilde sig mellan hur lärare arbetade med samspel beroende på om de undervisade individuellt eller som gruppundervisning. Det framgick också att det fanns fyra olika områden som respondenterna menade påverkade vilka elever som fick spela med andra. Dessa var logistiska faktorer, intressen och kompisar hos såväl elev som lärare, elevernas kunskap och ambitioner samt speciella behov hos eleven. I diskussionen problematiseras konsekvenser av individuell undervisning och gruppundervisning samt vad elever lär sig av musikaliskt samspel. / Many piano students I´ve meet, including myself, never played chamber music until they went to gymnasium or university. This made me wonder how many opportunities piano students studying at culture and music schools had to play with others. The purpose of the study is to find out to what extent pianoteachers in these schools in the Stockholm Province work with interaction in music with their students and which factors affects which students interact with others. Data was collected by e-mailing questionnaires to which pianoteachers at the music and cultur schools had to answer. The answers were analyzed univariate, bivariate, tematic and correlations were tested on their statistical significance. The result showes that most teachers occasionally let their students play with someone, during their lessons. The results also showes that it differed between how teachers worked with interaction depending on whether they taught individually or in groups. It also is found that four different types of factors affected the respondents choices of which students who would get the opportunity to play with others. These were logistical factors, interests and friends of both pupil and teacher, the students' knowledge and ambitions, and special needs of the student. In the discussion the consequences of individuell lessons and group lessons are problematized. What the student learn from musical interaction is also discussed.

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O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal à otimização do processo de leitura de idade óssea. Os diversos métodos existentes consistem na análise da maturidade esquelética, baseada nos detalhes dos ossos da mão e do punho. O método mais eficaz é o proposto por Tanner&Whitehouse TW, o qual, gera resultados cerca de cinco vezes mais precisos que o método utilizado freqüentemente, devido à simplicidade dos processos de leitura, proposto por Grelish&Pyle GP. Entretanto, o método TW não é utilizado atualmente no Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto HCFMRP, pois apresenta alto grau de complexidade. Assim, um programa computacional foi desenvolvido para auxiliar nos processos exigidos, com o intuito de viabilizar a implementação do referido método para promover as leituras de idade óssea do HCFMRP. Com esse objetivo, foi desenvolvido um sistema óptico-digitalizador de imagens radiográficas. Assim sendo, utilizando o sistema as imagens são capturadas pelo computador diretamente do negatoscópio, o qual permite realizar ajustes nas imagens adquiridas. A qualidade das imagens radiográficas de extremidades é de fundamental importância. Associada à redução da dose de radiação exposta, principalmente, por se tratar de pacientes jovens, os quais, são mais vulneráveis aos efeitos nocivos causados pela radiação ionizante. Entretanto, há necessidade de se garantir a qualidade na produção de imagens em equipamentos de raios-X, assim como, otimizar a técnica radiográfica visando evitar erros nos diagnósticos devido à formação de imagens de má qualidade. Contudo, a determinação da idade óssea de um paciente é de grande importância para alguns diagnósticos, principalmente em pediatria. As imagens produzidas têm mostrado uma melhoria sensível em sua qualidade, permitindo a visibilização de maiores detalhes, incorporadas a uma diminuição significativa na dose de exposição, ao redor de 20%. O custo sistema de digitalização de imagens utilizado neste trabalho é aproximadamente cinco vezes menor que existente no HCFMRP, mantendo a qualidade das imagens. A automatização dos processos, pelo programa computacional, dinamiza o método TW, bem como, não interfere no valor da idade óssea lida. Conseqüentemente, produz maior rapidez e segurança em diagnósticos com base na leitura de idade óssea, pois 19% das leituras comparadas apresentam erros que comprometem este tipo de informação para o diagnóstico. / The present work has as main objective to the otimization of the process of reading of bony age. The several existent methods consist of the analysis of the skeletal maturity, based on the details of the bones of the hand and of the fist. The most effective method is it proposed by Tanner&Whitehouse TW, which, it generates results about more precise five times than the method frequently used, due to the simplicity of the reading processes, proposed by Grelish&Pyle GP. However, the method TW is not used now in the Hospital of the Clinics of Ribeirão Preto HCRP, because it presents high complexity degree. Thus, a software was developed to aid in the demanded processes, seeking to implement of the referred method to promote the readings of bony age of HCRP. With that I objectify, a system was developed optical-digitizer of X-ray film images. Like this being, using the system the images is captured directly by the computer of the negatoscopy, which allows accomplishing fittings in the acquired images. The quality of the X-ray film images of extremities is of fundamental importance. Associated to the reduction of the exposed dose radiation, mainly, for being of young patients, the ones that, they are more vulnerable to the sick caused by the radiation. However, there is need to guarantee the quality in the production of images in equipments of ray-X, following the approaches demanded by the competent organs, as well as, to standardize the image technical seeking to avoid possible mistakes in the diagnoses due to images of bad quality. Thus, the determination of the bony age of a patient one is of great importance for some diagnoses, mainly in pediatrics. The produced images have been showing a sensitive improvement in its quality, allowing see more details, incorporated to a significant decrease in the exhibition dose, around 20%. The cost of digitizer equipment is five times cheaper than the utilized in HCRP, keeping the same quality of images. The automation of the processes, of way software, becomes the method TW most dynamic, interfere less in the results of reading of bone age. Consequently, it produces larger fast and safety in diagnoses with base in the reading of bony age, because 19% of the reads shows errors.

During the accession period EU has the opportunity to influence a future member state in various political areas. Is gender equality politics one of them? The purpose of this thesis is to explore EUs role in promoting gender equality in Croatia, the latest member who entered 1 July 2013. The theoretical framework consist of two theories, new institutionalism and radical feminism. New institutionalism helps us analyse the tools EU has in order to influence an accession country by dividing them into two themes. Institutions and interest. The theory of radical feminism makes the analyse deeper by deciding the quality of EUs impact on gender equality. The result shows that EU has done a sufficient work making sure Croatia implemented gender equality laws but the laws does not cover all political areas why the overall quality of EUs influence over a member state can be questioned.

Fuktskador uppstår vanligtvis på grund av felaktig planering, projektering och utförande under hela byggprocessen. Dessa felaktigheter resulterar i stora åtgärdskostnader som kan minimeras eller till och med elimineras om fuktsäkerhetsarbetet är väl genomförd. Projekteringsskedet är ett viktigt skede, där en noggrann och korrekt genomförd fuktsäkerhetsprojektering är av stor betydelse för det försatta fuktsäkerhetsarbetet under byggprocessen. Projektörernas roll i detta skede är att utföra en fuktsäkerhetsprojektering utifrån de ställda kraven från byggherren.  Syftet med detta examensarbete är att ta reda på projektörernas val av metod vid genomförandet av fuktsäkerhetsprojektering och granska om behovet av eventuell kompetensutveckling, inom fukt, bland projektörerna är nödvändig.     De två metoder som har använts för att uppnå syftet i detta examensarbete är intervjuer och litteraturstudier.  Målgruppen i detta examensarbete är byggföretagen i Sverige. Det som granskas är hur de hanterar fuktsäkerhetsarbetet i projekteringsskedet, med fokus på hur fuktsäkerhetsprojekteringen utförs. Av de aktörer som medverkar i projekteringsskedet riktas all fokus på projektörerna.   Tre av fem projektörer är missnöjda med den egna fuktkompetensen vilket överensstämmer med de fuktsakkunnigas uppfattning om projektörernas fuktkompetens. Under intervjuerna har flera fuktsakkunniga påpekat behovet av ökat fuktkompetens bland projektörerna. Den bristande fuktkompetensen leder till att projektörerna inte kan beakta eller upptäcka eventuella fuktrisker vid fuktsäkerhetsprojekteringen. Metod som 80 % av projektörerna tillämpar vid fuktsäkerhetsprojektering är ByggaF metoden. Projektörerna kunskap om ByggaF är fortfarande låg enligt de fuktsakkunniga och av den anledningen kan projektörerna inte tillämpa ByggaF metoden i sin helhet. Kompetens och erfarenhet är de viktigaste faktorerna som en projektör måste ha med sig, för att kunna beakta och upptäcka vad som är fel krävs det kunskap samt erfarenhet om vad som är rätt.        Utifrån responsen från både byggnadsnämnden och deltagarna, framgår det att en granskning av dokumentationen gällande fuktsäkerhetsarbetet inte, alltid, begärs in av byggnadsnämnden.    Slutsatsen är att projektörer måste införskaffa sig kompetens inom fukt och ByggaF metoden. / Moisture damage usually occurs due to incorrect planning, design and execution throughout the construction process. These inaccuracies result in large cost of action that can be minimized or even eliminated if the moisture safety work is done properly. The design phase is an important stage and a properly implemented moisture safety design can be of great importance for the moisture safety work during the construction process. The planners’ role at this stage is to carry out a moisture safety work based on the requirements of the developer. The purpose of this exam is to find out the choice of method made by the planners’ in the implementation of moisture safety design and to review the need of competence development among the planners’ about moisture.    The two methods that have been used to achieve the purpose of this exam are interviews and literature studies. The target group in this exam is the construction companies in Sweden. The way of how the companies handle of moisture safety design is being reviewed in the design stage.  Of all involved actors in the design phase, the focus is on the planners'. Three out of five planners' are dissatisfied with their own moisture competence, which is in line with the opinion of the experts' of moisture about the planners' competence.   During the interviews, several experts' of moisture have pointed out the need for increased moisture competence among the planners'. The lack competence means that the planners' cannot consider or detect possible moisture risks during the moisture safety design. The method that is used by 80% of the planners' during moisture safety design is the ByggaF method. The planners' knowledge of ByggaF is still low according to the experts' of moisture and for this reason the planners' cannot apply entirely the ByggaF method. The tools that planners' need to have with them is knowledge and experience. In order to discover what is wrong, you need to have both the knowledge and experience about what is right.  Based on the response from both the building committee and the participants, a review of the documentation regarding the moisture safety work is not always requested by the building committee.  The conclusion is that projectors must acquire competence in both moisture and the ByggaF method.

The aim of this Master’s thesis is to investigate if the library can be a real partner for researchers in managing and dealing with their research information. In this study, six researchers have been interviewed about their problems with information management. This study uses the method Critical Incident Technique for the interviews with the researchers. This method focuses mainly on problems and what happens around those problems. The interview results have been prepared with automatic clustering and analysed with the help of a theoretical model from Minnesota University Library. This is a model of the scholarly research process described in four overlapping areas: 1) Discover, 2) Gather, 3) Create and 4) Share. The studies result gives that there seems to be no problem with accessing full text information, the problem is rather narrowing down the search to get enough time to read it all. The researchers do not find any search skills in the library that match their own search skills. On the question if the library works well as a partner, the answer in this study is no. The researchers do not see the library as a partner in working with research information, but only as a supplier of documents. When they need assistance, they turn to colleagues, students, email, and as a last resort, the library.

Classification systems constitute important tools within the field of knowledge organisation. The following bachelor thesis addresses Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and discusses the potential of bias in the religion class. Prior to this essay, DDC has been criticised for its biased representations, and for conveying an ethnocentric conception of the world. In this era of globalization, there is a want of classification systems that reflect multicultural societies – in other words, classification systems that consist of pluralistic (world)views. This thesis focuses on the 200’s of DDC, with the purpose of illuminating the degree of religious pluralism therein; more specifically, the thesis answers the following questions: 1) what discourse(s) dominates the religion section of DDC 23?, and 2) which groups and perspectives are being marginalized as a consequence of the dominating discourse(s) within the religion section of DDC 23? In order to answer the questions stated above, the analysis is carried out by means of the theoretical framework by Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe regarding discourses. In addition to the discourse analysis, a quantitative content analysis is also performed. This mixed methods approach outlines the frequencies and discursive formations of terms occurring in the 200’s, and accordingly generates the following implications: 1) the religion section of DDC 23 is dominated by a Christian discourse, and 2) the groups and perspectives that are being marginalized consists of all religions other than Christianity. Hence, the degree of pluralism within the religion section of DDC 23 is considered to be low.