Den liberala ekonomiska globaliseringen har lett till att Indien öppnat upp sin ekonomi och landets politiker välkomnar idag utländska investeringar såsom multinationella företag i hopp om ekonomisk tillväxt. Då Coca Cola Company etablerade en fabrik i byn Plachimada i södra Indien medförde detta miljöproblem i form av vattenbrist och förgiftning, vilket i sin tur ledde till stora sociala problem för byns befolkning. Idag är fabriken stängd på grund av invånarnas långvariga och kollektiva protester i vilka byns kvinnor varit särskilt aktiva. Studiens syfte är att söka kunskap om hur Coca Cola Companys etablering i Plachimada liksom det kollektiva motståndet mot fabriken har påverkat identiteten hos de kvinnor som varit aktiva i motståndet. Syftet är vidare att skapa förståelse för hur kvinnorna ser på ”västvärlden” liksom på sig själva i förhållande till väst. Utifrån studiens syfte har ett kvalitativt och reflexivt arbetssätt tillämpats där ett empiriskt material insamlats genom sex semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med kvinnor bosatta i Plachimada, kombinerat med observationer. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån teorier om empowerment, kollektiv identitet samt postkolonialism. Resultatet visar att kvinnorna genom deltagandet i protesterna känner sig stärkta, upplever att de har fått större kunskap samt en känsla av stolthet. Studien visar vidare på att det verkar finnas en närvaro både av en identifiering med hembyn – Plachimada och med nationen – Indien hos kvinnorna vi har intervjuat. Resultatet visar även på tankar bland intervjupersonerna som tyder på att koloniala maktstrukturer finns närvarande i kvinnornas syn på sig själva i relation till västvärlden. / The liberal economic globalization has led to the opening of the Indian economy and in hope for economic growth, the Indian government today welcome foreign investments such as multinational corporations. When Coca Cola Company established a factory in the village of Plachimada in the south of India, this led to environmental problems such as water shortage and contamination, which in turn caused big social problems for the villagers. Today the factory is closed as a result of the villagers’ collective protests in which the women of Plachimada have been particularly active. The aim of this study is to seek knowledge about how Coca Cola Company’s establishment in Plachimada as well as the collective protests against the factory has effected the identity of the women who have been active in the protests. The aim is further to create an understanding of how the women perceive the western world as well as themselves in relation to the western world. To accomplish the aim a qualitative and reflexive method was chosen, where an empirical material was collected through six semi structured interviews with women living in Plachimada, combined with observations. The empirical material has been analyzed using theoretical perspectives of empowerment, collective identity and post colonialism. The result shows that the women, through participation in the protests, experience themselves stronger, find that they got more knowledge as well as a feeling of pride. Furthermore the study shows a presence of identification among the women with the village – Plachimada and the nation – India. The result also denotes that colonial power structures are present in the ways the women perceive themselves in relation to the western world.

Sammanfattning Studien syftar till att ge fördjupad kunskap om svenskt internationellt biståndsarbete samt hur problem formuleras och lösningar konstrueras av biståndsorganisationernas arbetsätt.  Studien är genomförd med en kvalitativ metod och det empiriska materialet har inhämtats genom intervjuer. Intervjuerna genomfördes med tre ledande personer från två svenska biståndsorganisationer som arbetar på internationell nivå. Vidare inryms i studien observationer från dessa två biståndsorganisationer. Studiens teoretiska perspektiv är den postkoloniala teorin, teorin om konstruktion av sociala problem samt begreppen kolonialism och eurocentrisk diffusion. Resultatet i studien visar att de studerade biståndsorganisationerna i stora drag har ett liknande tillvägagångssätt i sitt arbete med internationellt bistånd. De arbetar utifrån att ha en stödjande roll gentemot mottagarna av biståndet så att mottagarna kan definiera sina behov och vara aktiva i lösningarna tillsammans med de svenska biståndsorganisationerna.  Samtidigt agerar de kontrollerande gällande huruvida biståndsorganisationernas egna visioner och värderingar ska vara styrande i utformningen av hjälparbetet.   De svenska biståndsorganisationernas mål är att kunskapsbilda, medvetandegöra och ombilda befintliga lokala organisationer för att förbättra människors levnadsvillkor till det bättre i utsatta länder. För att detta ska vara möjligt är det avgörande att samarbeta med lokala organisationer som är likasinnade med de svenska biståndsorganisationerna.  Studien påvisar att det finns en idé om att påverka mottagarna av biståndet genom eftersträvan av att de ska anamma de svenska biståndsgivarnas egna visioner och värderingar. Detta framkommer tydligt genom de svenska biståndsorganisationernas arbetsätt samt deras delaktighet vid formuleringar av problem och konstruktioner av lösningar hos biståndsmottagarna. Vidare framkommer att biståndsorganisationernas kunskapsgivande och ombildning av lokala organisationer bidrar med att västerländsk kunskapssyn sprids ut i världen. / The study aims to provide profound knowledge of Swedish international aid work and how problems are formulated and solutions designed by aid organizations working methods. The study is conducted using a qualitative approach and the empirical material has been collected through interviews and observations. The interviews took place with three leading figures from two Swedish aid organizations working at international level. Furthermore, are observations from these two aid organizations part of the studies method. The studies theoretical perspective is the post-colonial theory, the theory of constructions of social problems and the concept of colonialism and eurocentrism diffusion. The result of the study shows that the studied organizations have broadly similar procedures in their work with international aid work. The organizations work on a paradoxical basis. On the one hand they have a supporting role to the recipients of aid so that the recipients can define their own needs and be active in the solutions along with swedish aid organizations. On the other hand, the organizations acts controlling where their own vision and values are guiding the relief effort. The swedish aid organizations aim is to educate, raise awareness and transform existing organizations in the countries they operate in order to improve people's lives for the better in vulnerable countries around the world.  For achieving this purpose, it is crucial for them to work with local organizations that are like-minded the swedish aid organizations.  This study shows that there is an idea to affect the recipients of aid in pursuing them to embrace the Swedish donors' own visions and values. This is clearly shown by the Swedish aid organizations working methods as well as their involvement in the formulation of problems and constructions of solutions of aid recipients. Furthermore, it appears that the aid organizations' knowledge rewarding and transformation of local organizations contribute to Western conception of knowledge spread out in the world.

À travers l’étude du cas de Salwa, féministe musulmane engagée au Québec, ce mémoire a pour objectif de relever divers facteurs qui contraignent et orientent l’engagement politique d’une féministe musulmane en contexte occidental. Si nous avions au départ postulé que l’intersection de ses identités de « femme » et de « musulman(e) », deux catégories hiérarchiques1 qui nous semblaient alors centrales dans l’élaboration de notre problématique, entraînerait chez Salwa divers paradoxes politiques en raison des tensions existant entre le féminisme et le multiculturalisme dans les démocraties occidentales, l’analyse de la gestion identitaire de ces paradoxes politiques chez Salwa, par notre approche interdisciplinaire et intersectionnelle, a révélé l’existence d’une multitude d’identités non hiérarchiques revendiquées - mais occultées au niveau politique par ce même contexte – qui remet en question la centralité de ces catégories de « femme » et de « musulman(e) ». Ainsi, si nous croyions que le contexte énoncé pouvait orienter l’engagement politique des féministes musulmanes dans un sens réducteur en exigeant d’elles qu’elle priorisent, malgré leur identité de femme et de musulmane, un axe de lutte, entre le sexisme et le racisme, nous voyons qu’une prise en compte, même intersectionnelle, des seuls axes d’oppression interagissant dans la construction de l’identité politique d’un individu peut être tout aussi réductrice. Si l’approche intersectionnelle veut arriver à 1 Nous qualifions ces catégories de « hiérarchiques » en ce qu’elles sont présentées dans notre problématique comme des catégories relationnelles co-construites au sein de rapports sociaux inégalitaires dans un ordre social hiérarchique, en opposition à des catégories « non hiérarchiques » que la théorie et/ou l’empirie ne problématise(nt) pas comme hiérarchiques pour le cas spécifique qui nous intéresse. ii prendre en compte l’imbrication des axes d’oppression agissant simultanément chez un même individu, elle doit aussi prendre en compte la façon dont le contexte occulte l’interaction des identités hiérarchiques et non hiérarchiques en réduisant l’individu à son ou ses axe(s) d’oppression présumé(s). / Through the case study of Salwa, active muslim feminist in Québec, this master’s thesis has for objective to identify diverse factors orienting the political commitment of a muslim feminist in western context. Our basic premise anticipated her exposition to political paradoxes due to the existing tensions between feminism and multiculturalism in western democracies and the intersection of her identities as “muslim” but also as “woman”; two hierarchical categories which, at first, appeared fundamental in our problematic. Only, our interdisciplinary and intersectional approach analysis of Salwa’s identity process of the aforementioned paradoxes revealed the existence of several non-hierarchical claimed identities which, in this context, were eclipsed by the political level. This revelation questions the centrality of the “muslim” and “woman” categories. So, if we believed that the western context could orient the political commitment of muslim feminists in a reducing direction by requiring from them that they prioritize, in spite of their “woman” and “muslim” identities, a political stake between sexism and racism, we see that a consideration, even intersectional, of axis of oppression alone in the construction of one’s political identity can also be reducing. If the intersectional approach wants to take into account the interaction of axis of oppression acting simultaneously for the same individual's, it also has to take into account the way the context hides the interplay between hierarchical and not hierarchical identities by reducing the individual to it(s) presumed axis of oppression.

Le nationalisme est souvent présenté comme étant civique ou ethnique. En réalité, toute nation se définit avant tout par sa culture. Les États, le plus souvent composés de deux ou plusieurs nations, sont le théâtre permanent d'une guerre culturelle. Inspiré par le cadre théorique défini par le post-structuralisme et le post-colonialisme, l’objectif de la recherche est de montrer que le sport en tant qu’agent culturel actif a historiquement été instrumentalisé pour alimenter la guerre culturelle au sein des États. L'analyse critique des différents écrits académiques touchant au Canadien de Montréal montre comment la guerre culturelle s’est déployée sur le territoire du Québec à travers les pratiques discursives qui ont sculpté les représentations symboliques de cette équipe de hockey. / The theory of nationalism is often delineated by its civic or ethnic counterparts. In fact, every nation is defined by its culture. Therefore, the state is permanently under siege in a culture war of the nations. The aim of this research is to show in a historical perspective how sport as a cultural agent can be instrumentalised in the conduct of the culture war. Critical analysis of the discursive practices surrounding the hockey club Montreal Canadiens show how the culture war took place on the territory of Québec. Post- structuralism and post-colonialism are used as a theoretical framework.

The roots of international voluntary work can be said to stem back to the 19:th century missionary work. It is thus nothing new with westerners wanting to spread their knowledge or help the poor in other countries. However, relatively recently the international voluntary work or, as termed in this thesis, volunteer tourism have become more like an industry. Both the older phenomenon of non-profit organizers of volunteer travels and the newer, nowadays more visible, alternative of commercial companies are to choose from. Within this relatively new landscape of volunteer travels, this study seeks to understand the volunteers’ and the volunteer experience through a comparison of non-profit and profit organizers of volunteer travels. To do this, open-ended interviews were conducted with 14 former volunteers who had travelled with various organizers. The interviews took place in Stockholm, March-April 2015. The theoretical framework is based on critical theories, social movement theory and theories about (volunteer) tourism. The study showed that the experiences of and motivations for volunteering were quite similar between the groups. However, the volunteers’ who had travelled with non-profit organizers were in retrospect less focused on the aim of “helping” and they had to a larger extend revalued the aim and concept of volunteering. The most common least satisfactory part of the travel was the working situation. For all, the in general most valuable outcome of the travel was a cultural insight (exchange) rather than making a difference or helping, which is the common image marketed by many volunteer travel organizers.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-09-21T20:12:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Jose. O CRISTO AFOGADO.pdf: 2556420 bytes, checksum: d265a2ae013643cfbff4afd671ea3260 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-21T20:12:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Jose. O CRISTO AFOGADO.pdf: 2556420 bytes, checksum: d265a2ae013643cfbff4afd671ea3260 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation seeks to deepen a crisis within theological liberation perspectives starting from postcolonial discourse. Liberation theology had promoted a profound revolution in third world theological studies since 1970. To continue this revolution we will read Gabriel Garcia Marquez “El ahogado más hermoso del mundo” (1968), analizing and assessing its cultural and political strategies. In order to accomplish this task we need to go beyond the secular/religious binary vision that divides the world into religious and non religious ideas/practices. We need a unified vision that comprehends the worldliness of those realities categorized as “religious” as well as those categorized as “non-religious”. Theology and Religious Studies, as the scientific discourse dealing with the economy of the exchange within world visions, practices and consciousness marked by a certain inherent mystery, have a fundamental roll in comprehending, evidencing, articulating and making available these cultural forces. The perception of existing symbols related to Jesus-Christ within this story gave us a path for the analyses, although we were not caught up within the disciplinary constraints implied in christological thinking. At the same time, there were no possibility of leaving untouched the imperial/colonial relation inherent to images and discourses on Jesus-Christ. We therefore build up a theoretical structure that could explicit the values, gestures and worldly horizons of GarcíaMárquez’s literary writing, being Christological or non Christological. We looked forward the destabilization of traditional frameworks of Theology and Religious Studies; destabilization of GarcíaMárquez writing as literature; and destabilization of the colonial/imperial geography which postulates the fictional realism of territories such us “Latin America”. We opened up a theoretical space that reads the story as a “non-christology”, displacing the disciplinary and classificatory imprisonment of the elements involved in the analysis. Critical works of Edward Said, Homi Bhabha and GayatrySpivak, as well as the critical works of Asian, African and Latin American feminist theologians shall enunciate the political emancipatory scenario that we will denominate theological secular criticism. / O objetivo dessa tese é aprofundar, a partir do discurso pós-colonial, uma crise na perspectiva teológica da libertação. Esta promoveu, na década de 1970, uma reviravolta nos estudos teológicos no terceiro mundo. Para tanto, leremos um conto de Gabriel García Márquez chamado “El ahogado más hermosodel mundo” (1968) analizando e avaliando as estratégias políticas e culturais ali inscritas. Para levar a frente tal avaliação é preciso ampliar o escopo de uma visão que divide o mundo em secular/religioso, ou em ideias/práticas religiosas e não religiosas, para dar passo a uma visão unificada que compreende a mundanalidade, tanto do que é catalogado como ‘religioso’ quanto do que se pretende ‘não religioso’. A teologia/ciências da religião, como discurso científico sobre a economia das trocas que lidam com visões, compreensões e práticas de mundo marcadas pelo reconhecimento do mistério que lhes é inerente, possuem um papel fundamental na compreensão, explicitação, articulação e disponibilização de tais forças culturais. A percepção de existirem elementos no conto que se relacionam com os símbolos sobre Jesus/Cristo nos ofereceu um vetor de análise; entretanto, não nos deixamos limitar pelos grilhões disciplinares que essa simbologia implica. Ao mesmo tempo, esse vínculo, compreendido desde a relação imperial/colonial inerente aos discursos e imagens sobre Jesus-Cristo, embora sem centralizar a análise, não poderia ficar intocado. Partimos para a construção de uma estrutura teórica que explicitasse os valores, gestos, e horizontes mundanos do conto, cristológicos e não-cristológicos, contribuindo assim para uma desestabilização dos quadros tradicionais a partir dos quais se concebem a teologia e as ciências da religião, a obra de García Márquez como literatura, e a geografia imperial/colonial que postula o realismo ficcional de territórios como “América Latina”. Abrimos, assim, um espaço de significação que lê o conto como uma “não-cristologia”, deslocando o aprisionamento disciplinar e classificatório dos elementos envolvidos na análise. O discurso crítico de Edward Said, Homi Bhabha e GayatriSpivak soma-se à prática teórica de teólogas críticas feministas da Ásia, da África e da América Latina para formular o cenário político emancipatório que denominaremos teologia crítica secular.

Submitted by Cristiana Trindade Ituassu (cristianaituassu@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-03-20T18:50:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE VERSAO FINALISSIMA.pdf: 2845970 bytes, checksum: 3ea08039e3283416f6fedaf64d262d9f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gisele Isaura Hannickel (gisele.hannickel@fgv.br) on 2012-03-20T19:45:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE VERSAO FINALISSIMA.pdf: 2845970 bytes, checksum: 3ea08039e3283416f6fedaf64d262d9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-03-20T19:47:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE VERSAO FINALISSIMA.pdf: 2845970 bytes, checksum: 3ea08039e3283416f6fedaf64d262d9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-28 / Este trabalho investiga o sucesso como um processo de construção social, a partir da análise de mais de seiscentas edições da revista Exame ao longo de três décadas. O argumento proposto na pesquisa é que o conceito de sucesso faz parte da cultura do management que, em conjunto com tecnologias administrativas, foi introduzida no País, sobretudo a partir dos anos cinquenta. A perspectiva pós-colonialista adotada permite contextualizar a importação de práticas e princípios gerenciais que compreendem o gerencialismo, a cultura do empreendedorismo e o culto da excelência. Nesse processo, destacamos o papel da mídia na difusão, legitimação e co-produção desse ideário, a partir da descrição do desenvolvimento do conceito de sucesso nos Estados Unidos e de sua reprodução no imaginário social brasileiro. Ressaltando os problemas trazidos por uma definição do sucesso ligada a aspectos extrínsecos e materiais, e reconhecendo que estudos funcionalistas ainda não ofereceram caminhos para ampliar o termo com elementos de ordem subjetiva, propomos que o sucesso seja visto como uma instituição. Por atribuirmos posição central à linguagem no processo de construção social, a base empírica desta pesquisa está fundamentada nas práticas discursivas – mais precisamente, nos repertórios linguísticos – da mídia de negócios, dado seu papel na circulação de conteúdos simbólicos. A análise dos editoriais do período de 1971 a 1998 mostrou três fases da publicação: uma em que ela se promovia; outra em que se legitimava como porta voz das empresas e uma terceira, marcada pela personalização, quando os responsáveis pelo veículo apareciam com toda sua pessoalidade, refletindo um deslocamento do foco da revista, das organizações para os indivíduos – movimento pelo qual a ideia de sucesso também passou. A análise das reportagens demonstrou que o sucesso ganhou relevância nos anos noventa e permitiu traçar um retrato do bem-sucedido segundo a Exame, a saber: como um homem empreendedor e ambicioso, branco, magro e bem aparentado, maduro nos anos setenta e jovem nos noventa, que tem alto cargo, bom salário e empregabilidade, mas vida pessoal conturbada. A análise das capas reforçou essas impressões. Se não encontramos discrepâncias na definição do sucesso ao longo da análise, percebemos a valorização do conceito e também que o sentido assumido para o termo corresponde ao sucesso norte-americano a partir dos anos trinta, relacionado à capacidade do indivíduo de impressionar, mais do que a seu caráter. No contexto brasileiro do fim do século XX, esse sucesso atende demandas de flexibilização do trabalho: cada um é um negócio e precisa se vender. A cultura do management, tão presente na publicação, justifica essa dinâmica com uma visão de mundo que sustenta um sentido do sucesso com repercussões individuais reconhecidamente negativas. Tudo isso evidencia que o Brasil absorveu um sucesso made in USA, adotado e difundido pela revista Exame. Ligado a recompensas objetivas, diante de tantas possibilidades interpretativas, esse sucesso institucionalizado atendeu interesses organizacionais, formando individualidades voltadas para esforços produtivos. Na descrição dessa dinâmica está nossa contribuição para a desnaturalização do sucesso, convidando a configurações inéditas e alternativas para o termo. / This paper investigates success as a social construction process based on an analysis of more than six hundred editions of Exame Magazine published over three decades. The proposed argument is that the concept of success is part of the culture of management that was introduced in Brazil together with administrative technologies, mainly in the 1950s. The herein adopted post-colonialist perspective allows for contextualizing the importation of management practices and principles that comprise managerialism, entrepreneurship culture and the cult of excellence. Throughout this process, we have highlighted the role played by the media in the dissemination, legitimization and coproduction of such mindset by describing the development of the concept of success in the United States and its reproduction in the Brazilian social imaginary. While pointing out the problems arisen from a definition of success connected to extrinsic and material aspects and recognizing that functionalist studies still have not been able to provide ways of expanding the term, we propose viewing success as an institution. Since language takes a central position in the social construction process, the empirical basis of this research is grounded on the discursive practices of the business media, given its role in the circulation of symbolic contents. The analysis on the editorials of the period from 1971 to 1998 uncovered three phases of the publication: one of self promotion; another one in which it legitimatized itself as a mouthpiece for businesses; and a third one, marked by personalization, when those responsible for the magazine appeared in all their personhood, thus reflecting a shift of its focus from organizations to individuals – a movement also made by the idea of success. The analysis on the reports showed that success gained prominence during the 1990s and allowed drawing a picture of the successful person according to Exame, namely an enterprising and ambitious man, white, slim and good-looking, mature in the 70s and young in the 90s, with a top position, high earnings and employability, but a troubled personal life. The analysis of the magazine covers strengthened this view. While we did not find any divergences in the definition of success throughout our analyses, we realized the valorization of the concept along with the meaning assigned to it in North America from the 1930s, which was more linked with the individual’s ability to impress than to the strength of his/her character. In the Brazilian context by the late twentieth century, success had to do with meeting job-related flexibility demands: each person is a business and needs to sell him/herself. The culture of management, clearly present in the analyzed publication, justifies this dynamics with a view of the world that reinforces the meaning of success with recognizably negative personal consequences. All this provides evidence that Brazil absorbed a made-in-the-USA success concept, as adopted and spread by Exame. Being attached to objective rewards, in face of so many possible interpretations, such institutionalized success was able to meet organizational interests by making up individualities committed to productive efforts. In the description of this dynamics lies our contribution towards the denaturalization of success, while inviting novel and alternative configurations for the term.

Este trabalho examina o romance O último voo do flamingo, do escritor moçambicano Mia Couto, publicado pela primeira vez em 2000, em Portugal. Inicialmente apresentado como um enredo policial, o romance é narrado por um personagem que testemunhou os fatos: o tradutor de Tizangara, responsável por traduzir o diálogo entre a cultura eurocêntrica e as crenças míticas moçambicanas. A mediação cultural, a narração da história e os momentos em que o narrador/tradutor conta sua vida pressupõem um trânsito de pontos de vista que se estuda por meio das considerações dos pesquisadores Oscar Tacca e Gérard Genette. A ambivalência que é tanto causa quanto consequência dessa construção narrativa reflete a contrariedade em que vive a pequena vila moçambicana de Tizangara, cenário do romance. A partir da concepção de mito estabelecida por Mircea Eliade, verifica-se que a visão sagrada de mundo, característica de parte da história das tradições moçambicanas, é representada em O último voo do flamingo por antepassados, feiticeiros e homens mais velhos, os detentores de sabedoria nas crenças africanas. Diante disso, a corrupção, marca do poder dos governantes locais em Tizangara, ameaça a continuidade da vila, conduzindo a narrativa ao cenário apocalíptico proposto por Mia Couto enquanto uma forma de recomeço. Para compreender esse contraponto, considera-se o percurso histórico não só de Moçambique como também de Tizangara, uma metonímia do país africano. Como reflexo do complexo momento histórico por que passa aquele país, o ano de 1992 é escolhido para contar a história – primeiro ano de paz após décadas de guerra (de libertação e civil). Ainda que já liberto da colonização portuguesa desde 1975, Moçambique permanece colonizado, agora de forma distinta. Identificam-se também algumas das condições que contribuíram para o neocolonialismo com apoio bibliográfico proveniente sobretudo de Stuart Hall e Kwame Anthony Appiah. A apresentação histórica de Moçambique baseia-se nas diretrizes estabelecidas pelo historiador africano Joseph Ki-Zerbo. / This work examines the novel O último voo do flamingo, written by the Mozambican author Mia Couto, published for the first time in 2000, in Portugal. Initially presenting as a police plot, the novel is narrated by a character who witnessed the facts: the Tizangara‘s translator, responsible for translating the dialogue between Eurocentric culture and Mozambican‘s mythical beliefs. The cultural mediation, the story‘s narrative and the moments in which the narrator/translator tells his life presuppose a shift of points of view which are studied under considerations of the researchers Oscar Tacca and Gérard Genette. Ambivalence, which is both cause as well as consequence of this narrative construction, reflects the contrariety lived by the small Mozambican village of Tizangara, scenario of the novel. From the conception of myth established by Mircea Eliade, it is seen that the sacred worldview characteristic of part of Mozambican‘s historical traditions, is represented in O último voo do flamingo by ancestors, wizards and eldest men, the bearers of wisdom in African beliefs. Given that, corruption, as a sign of power of Tizangara‘s local governors, threatens continuity of life, leading the narrative to the apocalyptical scenario suggested by Mia Couto as a way of restart. To understand this contrast, it is considered not only the historical background of Mozambique as well as Tizangara, a metonym of the African country. Reflecting the complex historical moment in which that country is going through, the year of 1992 is chosen to tell the story – first year of peace after decades of war (emancipation and civil). Even though freed from Portuguese colonization since 1975, Mozambique remains colonized, in a different way now. We identify as well some of the conditions that contributed to neocolonialism with bibliographic support of Stuart Hall and Kwame Anthony Appiah. The historical presentation of Mozambique is based on guidelines established by the African historian Joseph Ki-Zerbo.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:25:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JossefraniaVM_DISSERT.pdf: 1408650 bytes, checksum: 67250343326edcbc4d76feb8b9531bc7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Based on the relation history, literature and space, this work examines the production and the closing of the representation of the hinterland in the Romance d A Pedra do Reino of the paraiban writer Ariano Suassuna. Inspired by method proposed by deconstructionist by Jacques Derrida, our reflection decomposes the writing scene of Suassuna by means of it s tracks to interpret the operation of the representation of the space-hinterland for the speech of the writer. Being thus, we present the elements chosen for Suassuna to weave an identification it s with this space-hinterland, taking a priori as a sentimental place and of familiar origin . The construction of this relation of belonging in great is measured grounded for a familiar memory entangled in the context politician who culminated in the Revolution of 1930 and that he resulted for the writer in the death of father. Suassuna launches a look on the identity and the Brazilian culture that guided in the tradition concept it searchs to deny the gift grounding its speech in the return to the past, a past order . Specifically in it s romance we notice to exist the fusing of these tracks in the production of a representation of the hinterland that it intends to close a concept of this space and its culture. Soon, the idea of kingdom sends to the space of the enchantments manufactured in infancy and retaken by the intellectual radical who in the anxiety of honor the father figure, does not save efforts in constructing a space representation that, over all, either faithful the representation that it searchs to trace of proper itself. Under one it marks of universality , the hinterland-kingdom of Suassuna if discloses eurocentric in the measure where it perpetuates discurse the filiation of the European cultural traditions. / Partindo da rela??o hist?ria, literatura e espa?o, este trabalho examina a produ??o e o fechamento da representa??o do sert?o no Romance d A Pedra do Reino do escritor paraibano Ariano Suassuna. Inspirada no m?todo desconstrucionista proposto por Jacques Derrida, nossa reflex?o decomp?e a cena de escritura de Suassuna por meio de seus rastros para interpretar a opera??o da representa??o do espa?o-sert?o no discurso do escritor. Sendo assim, apresentamos os elementos elegidos por Suassuna para tecer uma identifica??o com esse espa?o-sert?o, tomando-o a priori como um lugar sentimental e de origem familiar . A constru??o dessa rela??o de pertencimento ? em grande medida alicer?ada por uma mem?ria familiar emaranhada no contexto pol?tico que culminou na Revolu??o de 1930 e que resultou para o escritor na morte do seu pai. Suassuna lan?a um olhar sobre a identidade e a cultura brasileira que pautado no conceito de tradi??o busca negar o presente alicer?ando seu discurso no retorno ao passado, a uma ordem pret?rita . Especificamente no seu romance notamos existir a fus?o desses rastros na produ??o de uma representa??o do sert?o que pretende fechar um conceito desse espa?o e sua cultura. Logo, a ideia de reino remete ao espa?o dos encantos fabricados na inf?ncia e retomados pelo intelectual radical que na ?nsia de homenagear a figura do pai, n?o poupa esfor?os em construir uma representa??o espacial que, sobretudo, seja fiel a representa??o que ele busca tra?ar de si pr?prio. Sob uma marca de universalidade , o sert?o-reino de Suassuna se revela euroc?ntrico na medida em que perpetua um discurso de filia??o ?s tradi??es culturais europeias.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:00:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pereira_as_me_sjrp.pdf: 1190299 bytes, checksum: 88e3036d89440fc0f70ba67730addb91 (MD5) / Governo Australiano / O escritor australiano Peter Carey promove, em seu romance True History of the Kelly Gang, cuja primeira publicação ocorreu em 2000, a reinterpretação de um período histórico e também de um personagem da época, que se tornou uma figura forte na cultura australiana. A tradução desta obra foi publicada no Brasil em 2002 com o título A história do bando de Kelly. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos que o estabelecimento de uma colônia penal causou na cultura e na literatura australianas, e a utilização do texto literário - sobretudo esta obra de Carey - como espaço de debate sobre a identidade nacional e de questionamentos ou respostas à antiga metrópole. Para tanto, este trabalho traça, em primeiro lugar, um panorama da história da Austrália, até a época em que viveu Ned Kelly, um fora-dalei que se tornou herói popular e ícone nacional, e do desenvolvimento da literatura no país. Em segundo lugar, são analisados alguns aspectos deste romance, entre os quais a crítica ao sistema colonial britânico, a oposição centro-margem representada pelo conflito entre as autoridades e o bando de Kelly, e o uso da variante australiana do inglês. Desta forma, procuramos mostrar que, neste romance, parte da história da Austrália - em especial o período colonial e o sistema de degredo, cuja influência ainda se faz sentir nos dias de hoje - são problematizados e colocados em discussão. / The Australian writer Peter Carey reinterprets, in his novel True History of the Kelly Gang, whose first publication took place in 2000, a historical period and also a character of that time who has become a strong figure in Australian culture. The translation of this book was published in Brazil in 2002, with the title A história do bando de Kelly. This Master's Degree Thesis has the objective of analyzing the effects that the settlement of a penal colony had on Australian culture and literature, and the use of literary texts - especially this work by Carey - as a space for debate on national identity and for questioning or striking back at the former centre. In order to do so, this work firstly presents a panorama of Australian history, up to the time Ned Kelly, an outlaw who became a popular hero and a national icon, lived, and a survey of the development of Australian literature. Then, some aspects of this novel are analyzed, such as the critique of the British colonial system, the opposition centre-margin represented by the conflict between the authorities and the Kelly gang, and the use of the Australian variant of English. Thus, it is possible to show that, in this novel, part of Australian history - particularly the colonial period and the transportation period, whose influence can still be felt nowadays - is questioned, discussed and reevaluated.