Detta examensarbete har utförts vid Linköpings Tekniska Högskola och Tage Rejmes Lastvagnar AB i Norrköping under vårterminen 2016. Tage Rejmes Lastvagnar AB säljer och reparerar lastvagnar och bussar samt erbjuder leasing från företagets lokaler i Butängen, Norrköping. Branschen ställer höga krav på servicenivåer och flexibilitet kopplat till verksamhetens reparation och service av lastbilar, varpå behov av lagerhållna artiklar uppstår för företaget. Majoriteten av dessa artiklar köps in från en enskild leverantör som ensamt styr prognostisering av efterfrågan och inköpskvantiteter. Förändringar i företagets omsättning och förändringar i leverantörens beställningssystem har skapat en ökad kapitalbindning på Tage Rejmes Lastvagnar AB’s lager under de senaste åren. Denna studie har därför genom datainsamling, observationer och intervjuer jämfört det nuvarande beställningssystemet med teoretiska modeller, och genom artikelklassificering föreslagit alternativa tillvägagångssätt för företagets lagerstyrning. Resultatet av ABC-klassificeringen som utförts har kategoriserat företagets artiklar baserat på dess efterfrågan och volymvärde, varpå en differentiering av servicenivån för dessa kategorier gör att kapitalbindningen kan sänkas. Artiklar med låg efterfrågan och höga priser blir i det nya systemet beställningsvaror till priset av en sänkt servicenivå. Studiens analys visar dock att förändrade partiformningar kan öka det totala antalet transporter från beställaren, vilket i sig kan resultera i både en ökad miljöpåverkan och förhöjda orderkostnader.

Syfte – Syftet med studien är ”…att undersöka hur anskaffning av reservdelar kan effektiviseras, utifrån multipla klassificeringsaspekter”. För att besvara syftet har tre frågeställningar formulerats: 1. Vilka aspekter är viktiga vid anskaffning av reservdelar? 2. Hur kan reservdelar klassificeras utifrån aspekterna? 3. Vilka anskaffningsstrategier kan tillämpas på de olika kategorierna av reservdelar? Metod – Studien utfördes som en fallstudie där målet var att studera ett fallföretags processer i deras naturliga sammanhang. Studiens data insamlades via en dokumentstudie samt tre intervjuer med administrativ personal vilket användes tillsammans med tidigare akademisk litteratur. Resultat – Både tidigare teori och insamlad empiriska data pekade på fyra aspekter att beakta vid anskaffning av reservdelar; kriticitet, ledtid, efterfrågan och kostnad. Reservdelarna kunde utefter de fyra beskrivna aspekterna separat tilldelas en klassificering, där flera metoder kombineras till en multiklassificering-modell. Efter klassificering möjliggjordes utformningen av olika anskaffningsstrategier med lämpliga lagerpolicyers, partiformningsmetoder, orderpunkter och övervakningsmetoder för diverse kategori, för att effektivisera lagerstyrningen. Implikationer – Studiens resultat visar en möjlig kombination för att utföra en multiklassificering baserad på kriticitet, ledtid, efterfrågan och kostnad. En sådan klassificering kan hjälpa företag som är starkt beroende av reservdelar att veta vilka reservdelar som mest fokus bör läggas på i anskaffningen. Begränsningar – Studien innefattade enbart ett företag vilket reducerar dess generaliserbarhet. Fallföretaget var dessutom I underhållsbranschen vilket medförde att reservdelar användes till att underhålla kunders produkter och inte egen utrustning.

Purpose – The purpose of this study has been to analyse how activities on loading spaces can be standardized and more effective. The following two questions have been chosen to answer the purpose of the study. 1. Which activities are currently being performed in a disadvantageous manner on loading spaces? 2. Which improvements can be made to enable optimization on loading spaces? Method – A pilot study was conducted at a fall company to identify the purpose to the study and its research questions. The case study was conducted in the form of a onecase design since case study was conducted at only one company. The case study consisted of observations, interviews and document studies. In order to design a theoretical framework as a theoretical basis of the study, a literature review was made. The literature review gave a background to theories in Lean, 5S, Standardized work, Muscle memory, ABC analysis, Poka-Yoke, Warehouse layout and Process mapping. Findings – The study presents several activities that are performed in a disadvantageous way. Examples of these activities are variation in placement of sorting codes, inbound goods or consumables on the loading space and plural wastes connected to a scanning process. An ABC analysis of sorting codes, implementation of 5S and standardized work together with has led to a finding who shows the correlation between the abovementioned methods and how it leads to a standardized and effective work on the loading space. Implications – Based on an existing problem, the study has been based on previously known theories and methods in the areas of inventory and logistics. The study do not present any new theory in these areas but shows the correlations between different methods to standardize and make loading spaces more effective. The correlation between the methods has led to a standardized work process and guideline for how a loading space can be designed which is a relatively unexplored area. Limitations – The study was conducted at a fall company based on their problems at the loading space. A benchmarking within a similar business could increase the understanding of the problems at loading spaces and thus increase generalization further. In the document study have some statistics concerning sorting codes been unspecified, which may have affected the ABC classification. Further does the study only cover activities on the loading space. Activities earlier in the flow have not been taken into consideration which could lead to more solutions to the purpose of the study. Keywords – Loading space, 5S, Standardized work, ABC classification, Wastes, Sorting code, Pallets, Visual aids, Scanning

O desenvolvimento do Sistema ABC (Activity-Based Costing/Sistema de Custeio Baseado em Atividades) e sua aplicação em organizações industriais apresentou-se como uma importante ferramenta no processo de gerenciamento das organizações. A viabilidade deste sistema em organizações industriais e a carência de um sistema que apoiasse o processo de gerenciamento em organizações hospitalares despertaram, na área acadêmica, o desenvolvimento de trabalhos científicos que objetivam discutir a viabilidade da aplicação deste sistema também nas organizações hospitalares. A pesquisa bibliográfica deste trabalho demonstrou a existência de muitos trabalhos acadêmicos abordando a aplicação deste sistema em organizações hospitalares, sendo, no entanto, que todos estes abordam a aplicação em setores isolados. Visando ampliar a discussão a respeito deste tema, procurando discutir como seria a aplicação do mesmo sistema em uma organização hospitalar como um todo, este trabalho teve como objetivo geral delinear um modelo a partir da identificação e integração de dados, baseado na concepção do sistema ABC, que seja aplicável às organizações hospitalares. Para atingir este objetivo, foi aplicado um estudo empírico no Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria em todos os seus setores e clínicas. Os resultados revelaram que o Sistema ABC pode ser aplicado em qualquer tipo de organização hospitalar, seja esta pública, privada ou filantrópica, devendo-se apenas realizar algumas adaptações conforme as características de cada organização. / The viability of the ABC System (Activity-Based Costing) in industrial organizations has led to the academic area to investigate the viability of the application of this system also in hospital organizations. However the studies developed in Hospitals approach the application of this system in isolated sections. Enlarging the discussion concerning to this topic, this work had the purpose of delineating a model starting from the identification and integration of data basing on the conception of ABC system that would be applicable to hospital organizations in a generalized way. In order to reach to this objective, an empirical study was developed in all sections of the Hospital Universitário Clemente de Faria. With the study it was possible to delineate a model applicable to the studied institution. It is understood that this model is applicable to any kind of organization - public, private or philanthropic -, provided that some adaptations are done according to the characteristics of each organization.

Orientador: Neusa Serra / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Humanas e Socias, 2014

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Anapatrícia Morales Vilha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Humanas e Sociais, 2014. / Com as economias globalizadas, a inovação ganha um papel fundamental para o desenvolvimento econômico e social dos países. É a partir desta perspectiva é que os parques tecnológicos são inseridos com o objetivo de articular os atores que compõem um sistema local de inovação de modo a fortalecer as competências inovativas de uma determinada região. É dentro deste contexto que a região do ABC paulista se coloca porque é uma região industrial que passou por transformações em seu setor produtivo na década de 1990 com reflexos significativos para a economia local. Outro ponto é a discussão, a partir da mesma década, da estruturação de um polo tecnológico regional com o intuito de reposicionar a região de modo que ela se alinhasse aos novos paradigmas produtivo, tecnológico e econômico que acabou não avançando neste sentido. Por outro lado, há iniciativas locais para a estruturação de parques tecnológicos na região, mais especificamente nas cidades de Santo André e São Bernardo do Campo. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar estas iniciativas e, ao mesmo tempo, mensurar o sistema local de inovação e seu grau de articulação, via entrevistas de campo qualitativa, semiestruturada e exploratória, além de investigar as implicações que a estruturação de parques tecnológicos pode oferecer ao sistema local de inovação da região do ponto de vista dos atores mais representativos do sistema local de inovação, bem como discutir desafios e potencialidades para alavancar competências tecnológicas e inovativas locais a partir da implantação destes empreendimentos. Como principais resultados da pesquisa, o sistema local de inovação apresenta-se fragmentado e desarticulado, pois as empresas pouco interagem com as instituições de ensino e mesmo entre si, visando melhorias e inovações tecnológicas. As empresas são favoráveis à implantação de parques tecnológicos na região, porém apresentam um comportamento reativo em relação a esta questão, entendendo que estas iniciativas devam ser deflagradas pelo poder público, desconhecendo os esboços destas iniciativas porque estão circunscritas à esfera pública e política. Outro ponto identificado é a carência de espaço físico disponível e de recursos financeiros próprios para a implantação destes empreendimentos; a ausência de um projeto estruturado; definição de competências tecnológicas; empresas âncoras e um corpo gestor já definido demonstram que os projetos ainda são embrionários. Em contrapartida, a região possui um tecido industrial diversificado, algumas instituições ensino superior no campo das engenharias e esforços para a constituição e fortalecimento de arranjos produtivos locais, além de uma regionalidade construída ao longo das últimas duas décadas que não podem ser negligenciadas, fazendo com que estas inciativas possam ser consolidadas de modo que seja um elemento capaz de contribuir com o fortalecimento e articulação do sistema local de inovação da região. / With globalized economies, innovation assumes a fundamental role to economic and social development of the countries. It is from this perspective that technology parks are inserted with the purpose of coordinating the actors that composes a local innovation system in order to strengthen the innovative competences of a particular region. It is within this context that the ABC Paulista arises because it is an industrial area that has suffered changes in its productive sector in the 1990s with significant consequences for the local economy. Another point is the discussion, from the same decade, the structuring of a regional science park in order to replace the region into a new production, technological and economic paradigms but without positive results in this direction. On the other hand, there are local initiatives for structuring science parks in the region, more specifically in the cities of Santo André and São Bernardo do Campo. Therefore, this study aims to examine these initiatives and at the same time, measure the local innovation system and its articulation applying qualitative interviews, semi-structured and exploratory interviews and investigate the implications of structuring science parks can offer to the local innovation system in the point of view of the stakeholders of the local innovation system region and discuss challenges and opportunities to leverage local technological and innovative competences from the implementation of these enterprises. The main results of the research, the local innovation system is fragmented and disarticulated because the interaction among companies and educational institutions is inexpressive and even among themselves, seeking improvements and technological innovations. The companies agree with the implementation science parks in the region, however with a reactive attitude towards this issue, understanding that these initiatives should be triggered by the government, ignoring the efforts of these initiatives because they are tied to public and political sphere. Another point identified is the lack of available physical space and own financial resources for the implementation of these projects; the absence of a structured design; definition of technological skills; anchor companies and a managing team already set demonstrate that the projects are still embryonic. In contrast, the region has a diversified industrial base, some higher education institutions in the field of engineering and efforts to build and strengthen local productive arrangements, plus a regionality built over the past two decades can¿t be neglected, causing that these initiatives can be consolidated so that it is an element that can contribute to the strengthening and coordination of the local innovation system in the region.

Este trabalho tem por proposta analisar os modelos utilizados nos processos de gestão de materiais e compras para itens MRO em uma empresa do setor agroindustrial com ênfase no gerenciamento destes itens e das atividades executadas para sua aquisição a fim de identificar as melhores práticas de gestão visando à manutenção de seus estoques em níveis considerados satisfatórios. O estoque de itens MRO pode ter tanta importância para a empresa quanto o estoque de matérias-primas, haja vista o custo de interrupção da produção, como mão-de-obra parada, equipamento ocioso, prazos de entrega adiados e a perda de encomendas ou de clientes em decorrência de paradas não programadas que a má administração destes recursos pode causar. Além disso, o custo da oportunidade perdida em se obter rendimento durante o tempo de uma eventual parada, o lucro cessante, demonstra como o mau planejamento ou a falta deste para itens MRO pode prejudicar os indicadores de desempenho de uma organização. O trabalho foi dividido em duas fases: a análise conceitual e a análise prática. Na análise conceitual, o pesquisador estabeleceu os temas à cerca dos processos para gestão de materiais e compras em geral e avaliou sua aplicabilidade para itens MRO. Na análise prática, o pesquisador, por meio de pesquisa-ação com a aplicação da metodologia Transmeth (NUMA, 2003), analisou os processos praticados pela empresa citada, a fim de promover o mapeamento e a análise dos processos inerentes à função gestão de materiais e compras para itens MRO. Finalmente, o pesquisador propôs um modelo de gestão de materiais e compras de itens MRO para as empresas que atuam neste segmento. / The purpose of this work is analyzing the models employed in MRO material and purchasing management processes in an agro industrial company focusing on the management of these items and their purchasing activities, performed in order to identify the best management practices aiming the maintenance of their stocks at satisfactory levels. The MRO items stocks can be as important as raw-material stocks, considering the production interruption cost: employees without work, idle equipments, postponed deliveries and the loss of orders of clients due to unscheduled production interruption, which can be caused by the bad administration of these resources. Moreover, all the profit loss and a bad or the absence of planning for MRO items management can damage the performance indicators of an organization. This work was divided into two phases: conceptual analysis and practical analysis. Through the conceptual analysis, the researcher established the topics regarding the material and purchasing management processes in general and evaluated its applicability to MRO items. In the practical analysis, the researcher, applying an action-research methodology based on Transmeth methodology, analyzed the processes employed by an agro industrial company in order to map and evaluate the MRO material management and purchasing. Finally, the researcher suggested a MRO material management and purchasing model for agro industrial companies.

This study focuses on the organisation and operation of the Australian Government’s Department of Information that operated from 1939 to 1950. Equal weighting is given to the wartime and peacetime halves of the Department’s existence, allowing a balanced assessment of the Department’s role and development from its creation through to its abolition. The central issue that the Department had to address was: what was an appropriate and acceptable role for a government information organisation in Australia’s democratic political system? The issue was not primarily one of formal restrictions on the government’s power but rather of the accepted conception of the role of government. No societal consensus had been established before the Department was thrust into dealing with this issue on a practical basis. While the application of the Department’s censorship function attracted considerable comment, the procedures were clear and accepted. Practices laid down in World War I were revived and followed, while arguments were over degree rather than kind. It was mainly in the context of its expressive functions that the Department had to confront the fundamental issue of its role. This study shows that the development of the Department was driven less by sweeping ministerial pronouncements than through a series of pragmatic incremental responses to circumstances as they arose. This Departmental approach was reinforced by its organisational weakness. The Department’s options in its relations with media organisations and other government agencies were, broadly, competition, compulsion and cooperation. Competition was never widely pursued and the limits of compulsion in regard to its expressive functions were rapidly reached and withdrawn from. Particularly through to 1943 the Department struggled when it sought to assert its position against the claims of other government agencies and commercial organisations. Notwithstanding some high profile conflicts, this study shows that the Department primarily adopted a cooperative stance, seeking to supplement rather than supplant the work of other organisations. Following the 1943 Federal elections the Department was strengthened by stable and focused leadership as well as the development of its own distribution channels and outlets whose audience was primarily overseas. While some elements, such as the film unit, remained reasonably politically neutral, the Department as a whole was increasingly employed to promote the message of the Government of the day. This led to a close identification of the Department with the Labor Party, encouraging the Department’s abolition following the Coalition parties’ victory in the 1949 Federal elections. Nevertheless in developing its role the Department had remained within the mainstream of administrative practice in Australia. While some of its staff assumed a greater public profile than had been the practice for prewar public servants, this was not unusual or exceptional at that time. Partly through the efforts of the Department, the accepted conception of the role of government had expanded sufficiently by 1950 that despite the abolition of the Department most of its functions continued within the Australian public sector.

This thesis sheds light on the ways in which audiences are made through the relationships between organisational policy and news production practice. It explores the relationships between news practitioners� perceptions and definitions of audiences, production, and organisational policies, using the radio news service of the Australian national public broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC). In so doing, the thesis demonstrates that production, in its institutional context, is a crucial site for the creation of audiences in the study of news journalism. In the process, it illuminates the role of public service broadcasting, in a world of digital media The conceptual framework utilises a new approach to framing analysis. Framing has been used to examine the news "agenda" and to identify the salient aspects of news events. This thesis demonstrates ways in which framing can be used to research important processes in news production at different levels, from policy level to that of professional culture, and generate insights to the relationship between them. The accumulated evidence of the bulletin analysis - using structural and rhetorical frames of news - field observation and interviews, shows that a specific and coherent audience can be constructed as a result of newsroom work practices in combination with organisational policies. The thesis has increased knowledge and understanding both of how news workers create images of their audiences and what the institutional factors are that influence the manufacture of audiences as they appear in the text of news bulletins.

Les canaux potassiques sensibles à l'ATP (KATP) jouent un rôle primordial dans la sécrétion pancréatique d'insuline et participent au contrôle du tonus vasculaire ainsi que de l'excitabilité des cellules musculaires cardiaques et neuronales. Constitués de l'assemblage unique d'un récepteur membranaire de la famille des transporteurs ABC, le récepteur des sulphonylurées SUR, et d'un canal potassique rectifiant entrant, Kir6.2, ces canaux couplent le métabolisme cellulaire au potentiel membranaire et constituent en ce sens un modèle naturel de biocapteur.<br />Le caractère unique de cet assemblage tient au fait que SUR est capable de réguler l'activité de Kir6.2 suite à la fixation de ligands: nucléotides, activateurs ou inhibiteurs pharmacologiques. Nous nous sommes intéressés aux déterminants moléculaires intervenant dans le couplage fonctionnel de SUR au canal Kir6.2. Utilisant une stratégie chimérique, nous avons identifié une région C-terminale de l'isoforme SUR2A essentielle aux mécanismes d'activation du canal, assurant le lien entre la fixation de ligands à SUR et l'ouverture de Kir6.2.<br />Nous avons également utilisé notre connaissance du modèle du canal KATP pour développer un nouveau type de biocapteur électrique, les Ion Channel Coupled Receptors (ICCR), fondé sur le couplage fonctionnel artificiel entre Kir6.2 et des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G (GPCR). Par ingénierie protéique, nous avons créé deux modèles d'ICCR impliquant respectivement les récepteurs muscarinique M2 et dopaminergique D2: la fixation d'agonistes ou antagonistes spécifiques sur ces récepteurs entraîne une activation ou une inhibition du canal mesurables électriquement en temps réel, jetant les bases prometteuses d'une nouvelle génération de biocapteurs acellulaires.