We explore runtime mechanisms and policies for scheduling dynamic multi-grain parallelism on heterogeneous multi-core processors. Heterogeneous multi-core processors integrate conventional cores that run legacy codes with specialized cores that serve as computational accelerators. The term multi-grain parallelism refers to the exposure of multiple dimensions of parallelism from within the runtime system, so as to best exploit a parallel architecture with heterogeneous computational capabilities between its cores and execution units. To maximize performance on heterogeneous multi-core processors, programs need to expose multiple dimensions of parallelism simultaneously. Unfortunately, programming with multiple dimensions of parallelism is to date an ad hoc process, relying heavily on the intuition and skill of programmers. Formal techniques are needed to optimize multi-dimensional parallel program designs. We investigate user- and kernel-level schedulers that dynamically "rightsize" the dimensions and degrees of parallelism on the asymmetric parallel platforms. The schedulers address the problem of mapping application-specific concurrency to an architecture with multiple hardware layers of parallelism, without requiring programmer intervention or sophisticated compiler support. Our runtime environment outperforms the native Linux and MPI scheduling environment by up to a factor of 2.7. We also present a model of multi-dimensional parallel computation for steering the parallelization process on heterogeneous multi-core processors. The model predicts with high accuracy the execution time and scalability of a program using conventional processors and accelerators simultaneously. More specifically, the model reveals optimal degrees of multi-dimensional, task-level and data-level concurrency, to maximize performance across cores. We evaluate our runtime policies as well as the performance model we developed, on an IBM Cell BladeCenter, as well as on a cluster composed of Playstation3 nodes, using two realistic bioinformatics applications. / Ph. D.

Murderer, bastard, spy: Richard Savage was no stranger to scandal and controversy. And yet, for a man who lived such a varied life, little is known for certain about him. There are rumors, suggestions, and accusations, but little that can be said without debates and arguments. It certainly does not help that Savage is often marginalized in eighteenth-century scholarship as scholars seek to discover and analyze all they can about his more famous, and more upstanding, contemporaries. While Savage's relationship with Johnson is well known and discussed frequently, all that is known of his relationship with Pope is that he contributed information to Pope's Dunciad Variorum (1729) and that Pope later contributed large sums to Savage's support. Pope was the driving force behind Savage's retirement to Wales, possibly alluded to in Johnson's London (1738), as well as the chief financial contributor to this retirement plan. No serious effort has been made to connect these two important episodes in Savage's life, perhaps because no serious effort has been made to establish the extent of his involvement with the Dunciad. It may have been this connection with Pope that drew Johnson to Savage in the first place. The intent of this thesis is to clarify the nature of Savage's collaborations with Pope and the extent of his contributions to the Dunciad Variorum of 1729. The Dunciad seeks to make fun not only of Pope's critics, but of writers who write for bread, the "hack writers" of Grub Street. It was here that Pope would most likely turn to Savage for information; Savage was much better acquainted with those writers than was Pope. But Savage may have done more than simply supply Pope with gossip, and I will consider the possibility that he had a more active role in the publication of the Dunciad Variorum. / Master of Arts

The World Heritage Project ”Finnskogen – vägen till världsarv” was initiated in 2018 with the aim of inscribing the Forest Finnish heritage in northern Värmland on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. This essay examines how the cultural values of Finnskogen are portrayed and communicated by the project owners through visual semiotic analysis. The material consists of the film ‘Finnskogen – vägen till världsarv” and the project’s website finnskogen.se, with communication being related to, among others, the governing documents of the World Heritage Committee. The theoretical approach of the essay is based on Laurajane Smith’s Authorized Heritage Discourse (AHD) and Iain Robertson’s Heritage from Below (HFB). Through these two approaches, we explore how cultural heritage is produced from above, as well as a genuine way of living and transmitting lived cultural heritage. The study’s findings reveal that Finnskogen’s universal, unique, living, and antiquarian aspects are presented as positive values, aligning with several of the UN’s normative sustainability goals in Agenda 2030. Another conclusion from the study is that Finnskogen is portrayed as HFB, but ultimately subordinated to AHD.

The Swedish Library Act stipulates the libraries responsibility to pay specific attention to people with impairments. However, no explicit definition of impairments or disability is offered. Findings in previous disability research show that using the term disability without connection to a theoretical framework leads to an understanding of disability as a phenomenon simply caused by the impairments of individuals rather than aspects of the environment. In the everyday usage disability is thereby commonly determined by visually overt signifiers as wheelchairs or hearing aids. “Invisible” impairments and social or relational aspects of disability is seldom accounted for. In this study, ten randomly selected present public library plans were analyzed through a discourse analysis, focusing on how disability is perceived in the plans. Findings show that disability is predominantly understood as a phenomenon caused by impairments connected to individuals and that these individuals usually come in second place when library services are planned and designed. Furthermore, the design of library services is also depicted as something that could cause disability, especially aspects of the physical environment and alternative formats to facilitate reading are in focus. The acknowledgement of attitudinal or relational aspects of disabilities were not visible in the plans that were analyzed. The overall emerging picture is thus a traditional view of what libraries and library use are, as well as a traditional view of what causes disability. Nevertheless, the responsibility to pay specific attention to people with disabilities is evident and a strong connection to human rights is thereby visible.

Since 2007, about 300 unaccompanied children have annually disappeared in Sweden. This study investigates whether authorities are aware of the problem and how they look at risks, responsibilities and causes of disappearance of unaccompanied children. This is done through a combination of text analyzes of relevant reports as well as qualitative interviews of selected social service professionals and the National Method support against prostitution and human trafficking. The empirical findings have been analyzed with the help of Michael Lipsky’s (2010) Street-Level Bureaucracy theory and Carol Bacchi’s (2009) what’s the problem represented to be – approach. There seem to be a mixed awareness amongst those who are dealing with the problem that unaccompanied refugees disappear. There seems to be, however, a national goal as well as a local interest, to improve the preventive work against the problem that unaccompanied refugee children disappear. Yet the results show that other aspects and participants are to be considered for an extensive understanding of the problem.

Intitulée Conflits franco-allemands et présence missionnaire. La fondation et le développement de la mission des Capucins à Madagascar (1932-1960) , cette thèse s’intéresse aux crises qu’ont dû affronter les Capucins d’Alsace lors de leur installation à Madagascar au début des années trente. Le motu proprio de Pie XI, Supremi apostolatus munus, du 2 février 1932, transférant la préfecture apostolique de Mayotte, Nosy-Be et des Comores agrandie, marquait le début de l’aventure missionnaire de ces religieux sur la grande île malgache. Ces derniers héritèrent ce territoire des Pères du Saint-Esprit qui étaient à Nosy-Be depuis 1879. Ainsi, le problème du transfert des biens se posait, lorsqu’ils y arrivèrent. Il se développait dans une querelle entre les anciens et les nouveaux missionnaires et le conflit d’autorité qui affrontait le P. Lopinot avec le Fr. Brillaud de la Congrégation des Frères de Saint-Gabriel et le Comité d’Action populaire catholique de Nossi-Bé. Il s’ajoutait à cela les débats nourris d’arguments identitaires et patriotiques sur l’origine des Capucins venant d’Alsace. L’étude des diverses sources disponibles montre qu’il y avait des tentatives d’accorder à ce problème particulier de changement des missionnaires une dimension diplomatique et politique. Les opposants des religieux d’Alsace évoquaient leur germanité, et par là mettaient en cause leur attachement à la France. Les Capucins d’origine alsacienne furent soupçonnés d’être au service des intérêts allemands et accusés d’être destructeurs des valeurs religieuses et traditions françaises. Il s’agissait de l’instrumentalisation des conflits franco-allemands dans une crise d’autorité et de conflits personnels, puisqu’au niveau politico-diplomatique, cette crise ne représentait pas les différends directs entre l’Allemagne et la France. La première partie de cette thèse s’ouvre avec un chapitre qui retrace l’histoire de l’établissement des Capucins dans la région alsacienne, couvrant la période 1729-1932. L’intégration de l’Alsace-Lorraine à la souveraineté allemande en 1871 eut des conséquences dans l’histoire de la province des Capucins en Alsace, supprimée lors de la Révolution française. Confrontés avec le Kulturkampf, leurs confrères de la Rhénanie-Westphalie s’installèrent dans la région alsacienne en 1888. La province des Capucins dans l’ancien Reichland Elsaß-Lothringen renaît après la Première Guerre mondiale. Le deuxième chapitre s'intéresse à l’évolution des relations franco-allemandes dans la deuxième moitié des années vingt et au début des années trente. Il aborde la question de la mission dans les vicissitudes des rivalités internationales à la fin des hostilités. La réflexion se focalise sur l’Allemagne, la France et le Vatican. Cette partie se termine avec un chapitre consacré au transfert de la préfecture apostolique de Mayotte, Nosy-Be et des Comores aux Capucins d’Alsace en 1932. Ce chapitre décrit brièvement l’histoire de l’évangélisation de ce territoire avant leur arrivée et retrace l’état de la mission dans les régions du Sambirano et de Maromandia vers la fin des années vingt et au début des années trente ; cette période est marquée par le conflit de juridiction entre le vicariat apostolique de Majunga et de Diégo-Suarez. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l’analyse de la crise qui avait mis à l’épreuve l’installation des Capucins venant d’Alsace à Madagascar. Elle examine le litige à propos des biens de la mission entre les anciens et les nouveaux missionnaires. Ces faits se sont déroulés à l’époque du P. Lopinot (1932-1937). Elle aborde aussi le conflit d’autorité entre celui-ci et le Fr. Brillaud, frère de Saint-Gabriel, à propos de la fanfare communale. Leur querelle se situait dans le contexte de la commémoration de l’armistice de 1918. Elle se prolongeait aux conflits et tensions entre le P. Lopinot et les habitants de Nosy-Be. Cette partie relate aussi l’instrumentalisation des conflits franco-allemands dans cette situation..... / The present dissertation, titled French and German conflicts and missionary presence. The foundation and development of the Capuchin mission in Madagascar (1932-1960) deals with the crises that the Capuchin friars from Alsace had to face while settling in Madagascar in the early thirties. On February, 2nd 1932, Pius XI issued the Supremi apostolatus munus, a motu proprio whose effect was to transfer the aggrandized apostolic prefecture of Mayotte, Nosy-Be and the Comoros to the latter. This marked the beginning of a missionary adventure on the large Madagascar Island for those clergymen. They inherited this territory from the Fathers of the Holy Spirit who had been in Nosy-Be since 1879. This transfer, and their arrival brought about the question of the transmission of assets. This became a real issue as it took place in the broader context of a general dispute between former and new missionaries along with a conflict of authority between Father Lopinot and Brother Brillaud from the Congregation of the Brothers of Saint-Gabriel and the Committee for Catholic Popular Action in Nossi-Bé. Added to that, the Capuchin Friars from Alsace were the target of heated debates on grounds such as their origin, identity, or patriotic spirit. The various sources available lay bare a number of attempts at giving a diplomatic and political dimension to the specific problem of the change of missionaries. Opponents of the clergymen from Alsace put forward their German nature, thereby questioning their affiliation with France. Capuchin Friars of Alsatian origin were suspected of acting in the interest of the Germans and were accused of destroying French religious values and traditions. What actually happened was that they were utilising French and Germans conflicts to fuel a crisis of authority and personal conflicts, as in truth, this crisis was by no means representative of the political and diplomatic disagreements between Germany and France. The first chapter of this dissertation recounts the story of the Capuchin settlement in the Alsatian region from 1729 to 1932. The German sovereign power taking over Alsace and Lorraine in 1871 had repercussions on the history of the Capuchin province in Alsace, which was suppressed during the French Revolution. Faced with the Kulturkampf, their fellows from the Rhineland and Westphalia settled in the Alsatian region in 1888. The Capuchin province in former Reichland Elsaß-Lothringen rose again after World War I. The second chapter focuses on the evolution of French and German relationships during the second half of the twenties and early thirties. It addresses the question of the mission in the tumultuous context of international rivalries at the end of hostilities. Specific attention is paid to Germany, France and the Vatican. This part ends on a chapter about the 1932 transfer of the apostolic prefecture of Mayotte, Nosy-Be and the Comoros to the Capuchin Friars from Alsace. This chapter briefly recounts how that territory had been evangelised prior to their arrival and describes the state of the mission in the Sambirano and Maromandia regions around the end of the twenties and early thirties — a period marked by a jurisdiction conflict between the apostolic curacy of Majunga and Diego-Suarez. The second part is devoted to the analysis of the crisis and the hardships the Capuchin Friars from Alsace were faced with as they settled in Madagascar. It examines the contention between former and new missionaries concerning the assets of the mission. This took place under Father Lopinot (1932-1937). This part also tackles the conflict of authority between the latter and Brother Brillaud, a brother of Saint-Gabriel, on the question of the municipal fanfare. Their quarrel took place in the context of the commemoration of the 1918 armistice.....

Seit der deutschen Wiedervereinigung steht die Stadt Berlin im Fokus einer Kampagne, die die Identität von Berlin neu definiert und die allgemeine Darstellung der Stadt positiv zu beeinflussen versucht. Das weit verbreitete Stadtbild beinhaltet jedoch nicht immer die Vielfältigkeit von sozialen und urbanen Akteuren. Oftmals wird Berlin als eine elitäre Stadt dargestellt, soziale Spannungen werden nicht betrachtet und können sich durch die einseitige Darstellung sogar verstärken. Diese Arbeit vergleicht die verschiedenen Darstellungen der Stadt, die von lokalen politischen Akteuren, der Tourismusbranche und von sozialen Bürgerbewegungen propagiert werden. Sie werden in der Arbeit ausgiebig erläutert und bewertet. Ein abschließender Vergleich legt die unterschiedlichen Darstellungen und Gemeinsamkeiten der verschiedenen Akteure dar. Neben der historischen Analyse mit Einbezug des Wandels der Stadt, werden Aspekte und Themen wie Kommerzialisierung, Bürgerbeteiligung, Multikulturalismus und Subkulturen behandelt. Darüber hinaus werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit Fragen und Probleme des Urbanismus und der Gestaltung des Stadtbildes durch einen bildlichen Ansatz mit Einbezug der verschiedenen Konstellationen analysiert. Der Ansatz beruht auf der Idee des “dialektischen Bildes” von Walter Benjamin aus seinem ‘Passagen-Werk’. Die Auswertung ergibt, dass die öffentliche Darstellung der Stadt von lokalen politischen Akteuren und der Tourismusbranche viele Gemeinsamkeiten aufweisen, während die Darstellung der Bewohner deutlich davon abweicht. Dieser Kontrast spiegelt eine große Unzufriedenheit von Teilen der Bevölkerung mit der offiziellen Darstellung der Stadt, welche sich auf einen post-industriellen, ökonomischen Ansatz stützt. / Since German Reunification the city of Berlin has been the object of a carefully designed campaign to reinvent its identity and to promote its image. The propagated city image does not always include the wide variety of social and urban expressions, and frequently compels an elitist vision of the city that, far from alleviating emerging social tensions, reinforces them. This research offers a comparative analysis of the city image produced by the local government, and the imagery produced by other actors involved in urban processes. To this end, a collection of images representing the city of Berlin was integrated, with materials produced by three main sectors: the local government, the tourism industry and a variety of social movements. The collected images are described and analyzed with the aim of knowing the assumptions they comprise, and are afterwards compared against each other to find similarities and differences between the city visions of their producers. Topics like historical memory, urban change, commercialization, public participation, subcultural expressions and multiculturalism arose from this comparison. In addition, the dissertation proposes a visual approach for the analysis of issues linked to urbanism and the construction of city image. Such approach is inspired in the idea of “dialectical image”, described by Walter Benjamin in his unfinished ‘Arcades Project’, and consists in putting together a set of chosen pictures in small groups or “constellations” that make evident their similarities and differences. The research shows that the image prompted by the local government and by the tourist industry are alike, while there are significant divergences between the official image and the representations of citizens. These divergences seem to reflect a deep dissatisfaction of some sectors of the population with the official city model, based on assumptions of a post-industrial economy.

Optical long baseline interferometry was recently established as a technique capable of resolving stars and their circumstellar environments at the milliarcsecond (mas) resolution level. This high-resolution opens an entire new window to the study of astrophysical systems, providing information inaccessible by other techniques. Astrophysical disks are observed in a wide variety of systems, from galaxies up to planetary rings, commonly sharing similar physical processes. Two particular disk like systems are studied in the thesis: (i) B He-rich stars that exhibits magnetic fields in order of kG and that trap their winds in structures called magnetospheres; and (ii) Be stars, fast rotating stars that create circumstellar viscous disks. This study uses the interferometric technique to investigate both the photosphere proper and the circumstellar environment of these stars. The objective is to combine interferometry with other observational techniques (such as spectroscopy and polarimetry) to perform a complete and well-constrained physical description of these systems. This description is accompanied by radiative transfer models performed by the HDUST code. / Interferometria óptica de longa linha de base recentemente estabeleceu-se como uma técnica capaz de resolver estrelas e seus ambientes circunstelares no nível de mili segundos de arcos (\\textit). Esta alta resolução abre uma janela inteiramente nova para o estudo de sistemas astrofísicos, fornecendo informações inacessíveis por outras técnicas. Discos astrofísicos são observados numa ampla variedade de sistemas, de galáxias à discos planetários, em geral compartilhando de processos físicos similares. Dois sistemas de discos foram estudados nesta tese: (i) o estrelas B ricas em He e que possuem campos magnéticos da ordem de kG e que confinam seus ventos em estruturas chamadas magnetosferas; e (ii) estrelas Be, estrelas de rotação rápida que criam um disco circumstelar viscoso. Este estudo usa a técnica interferométrica para investigar ambas a própria fotosfera e o ambiente circunstelar destas estrelas. O objetivo é combinar a interferometria com outras técnicas observacionais (tal como espectroscopia e polarimetria) para realizar uma descrição física completa e precisa destes sistemas. Esta descrição é acompanhada por modelos de transferência radiativa executados pelo código HDUST.

The results of bark thickness analysis of pine and spruce trees at the thinning age are presented in the work. The main goal of the work was to investigate regularities of bark thickness variance of pine and spruce logs produced out of trees felled during the thinning cuttings. The main tasks of the work were to find out regularities of bark thickness variance depending on age of the stands, tree species and top diameter of the log, to evaluate adequateness modeled regularities to existing Swedish normatives. The empirical material. 200 pine and 200 spruce felled trees at the Kazlu Ruda state forest enterprise were used for the measurements. The trees were selected at the 4 cutting areas of Nb, Lb, Lc, site types. Diameter and bark thickness of imaginative crosscut at height of 0, 1, 1.3, 3 m and following each second meter were measured for each stem. Methods. The multiple linear and nonlinear regression were used to process empirical data. Calculations were made using software STATISTICA v6.0 and EXCEL. The main results. The differences of bark thickness variation regularities were found while comparing gotten results to Existing Lithuanian and Swedish legalized normatives.

Uppsatsen syftade till att undersöka skolpolitiken som låg till grund för Lgy 70 och Lpf 94. Specifikt fokus låg på att i utredningsmaterialet undersöka politikens styrande effekter genom att utifrån argumenten blottlägga dess människo- och kunskapssyn. Metoden som har använts var Carol Lee Bacchis What’s the problem represented to be?-approach. I uppsatsen har en analys av diskursen genomförts på det material som ligger till grund för de nämnda läroplanerna. Undersökningen har funnit att den övergripande problemtiken gällande gymnasieskolorna var att gymnasiet framställdes som omodernt och icke-anpassningsbart till samhället. Dock var det en specifik grupp elever som utgjorde problemet och som skolan var tvungen att anpassas till. Gruppen varierade mellan de olika tidsperioderna, men innefattade dem som inte klarade av skolan i dess dåvarande form. Lösningarna på den av utredningarna antagna problematiken riktades oftast mot den här gruppen och medförde att elevernas valfrihet ökades. Denna valfrihet var dock en strategi som staten använde för att styra in eleverna mot en av staten sedd ”rätt” utbildning. Den underliggande människo- och kunskapssynen i samtliga utredningar var behavioristisk. Utredningarna antog att ungdomarna till stor del påverkades av sin bakgrund och sociala klass i valet av utbildning. Slutsatser som dras är att gymnasieskolan anpassas för arbetsmarknadens behov. Utbildning anses göra ungdomarna mer kvalificerade för yrkesverksamhet. För dem som inte klarar av detta måste skolan anpassas. Således reformerades gymnasieskolan efter de lågpresterande eleverna. / The purpose of this paper was to examine the Swedish school policies that formed the basis for the curriculums Lgy 70 and Lpf 94. Specific focus was on finding the governing effects in the exanimated material by extracting its view on humans and knowledge. The method used was Carol Lee Bacchi’s What’s the problem represented to be?-approach. With this method authors conducted an analysis of the discourse in the material. The investigation of the material found that the overall problem concerning the Upper secondary school was their portrayal as outdated and non-adaptive to the society of that time. However, a group of students were represented to be the problem to which the school needed to adapt. The content of the group differed between the two time-periods (the 1960s and the 1990s), but the group included those who were not capable of managing the school of that time. The solutions to the, by the investigations assumed problem, were directed towards this group of student and resulted in an increased freedom of choice for them. This freedom of choice was however a control strategy used by the government to direct student towards a, by the government considered, “proper” education. The underlying view of humans and knowledge was a behavioural one. The exanimated investigations assumed that young people were largely influenced by their background and social class in their choice of education. In conclusion the Swedish upper secondary school were adapted to the demands of the labour market. Education was considered to make the students more qualified for their future life as workers. The school needed to adapt to those who were not capable of this.