The work of the South African chaplains during the First World War was of an extremely high standard. The postwar military failed to recognise this contribution. In the 1920s and early 1930s the chaplaincy was allocated an inferior position within the military. It was only in 1938 that the first chaplains were appointed in the Permanent Force. During the Second World War the unwillingness of the UDF hierarchy to appoint a single chaplain as the head of a Chaplains' Branch influenced the ministry negatively. Inter-denominational issues were resolved on a basis of consensus amongst Principal Chaplains who were granted very little executive power. The establishment of the SA Corps of Chaplains in 1946 confirmed the permanency of the chaplaincy within the UDF. The appointment of the first Deputy Chaplain General in 1949 did much to ensure effective ministry. The discontinuation of this post in 1954 had a detrimental effect on the chaplaincy. With the establishment of the Department of Physical and Spiritual Welfare in 1966 no clear cut division was made between the responsibility for spiritual (pastoral) care and physical care (social welfare). This anomaly was rectified in 1968 when an independent directorate for the chaplaincy was created and in 1970 when a Chaplain General was appointed. The chaplaincy in South West Africa grew from a single chaplain at Walvis Bay in 1963 to an immense organisation with hundreds of chaplains. In 1980 the SWATF Chaplain Service was formed under command of its own director. The presence of SADF/SWATF chaplains in South West Africa ceased in 1989 with the implementation of UN Resolution 435. The 1990s was a decade of great transition and turmoil for the Chaplain Service. In 1994 the military chaplaincies of the TBVC countries, as well as members from MK and APLA, were integrated into the Chaplain Service. The implementation of the transformation policy of the Department of Defence resulted in the Chaplain Service becoming more representative of the communities it serves. / Theology / D. Th. (Theology)

Zwischen 2001 und 2009, veränderte sich die religiöse Betreuung in portugiesischen öffentlichen Krankenhäusern von einem traditionellen Modell der Betreuung durch Kapläne, in dem Römische Katholische Kapläne die einzigen offiziellen religiösen Vertreter auf dem Krankenhausgelände waren, auf ein gesetzlich erzwungenes pluralistisches Modell, wo die religiöse Vielfalt sowohl eine Herausforderung als auch eine Ressource für religiöse Akteure bedeutet. Als Vergleichsfallstudie von drei High-End, öffentlichen Universitäts Krankenhäusern in Portugal zeigt diese Dissertation, dass die Bestimmung von religiöser Unterstützung strittig wurde, sobald die durch die Römische Katholische Kirche ausgeübte Dominanz in dem speziellen Fall des religiösen Beistands in Krankenhäusern durch Gesetzesänderungen in Frage gestellt wurde, die noch nicht vollständig umgesetzt sind. Rechtsänderungen in Richtung eines Übergangs zwischen traditionellen Kaplansämtern und Leistung Geistiger und Religiöser Unterstützung produzierten unterschiedliche Ergebnisse in den drei untersuchten Fällen in dieser Dissertation. Jede Gruppe religiöser Vertreter innerhalb jedes Krankenhaus hat gezielt lokale Aufträge ausgehandelt, um Ihre strategischen Ziele zu erreichen. Dieses divergierende Muster ist das wichtigste Forschungsrätsel in dieser Studie. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird vorgeschlagen, dass die religiöse Betreuung in öffentlichen Krankenhäusern entlang von vier Dimensionen betrieben wird: das Niveau der organisatorische Integration der religiösen Hilfeleistungen, deren strategischen Ausrichtung, deren institutionelle Untermauerung und deren Kognitiven Orientierungen. Diese Dimensionen bestimmen zu einem großen Teil, die Muster des strategischen Handelns der religiösen Vertreter in Krankenhäusern. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt fest, dass jeder der drei untersuchten Fälle, obwohl integriert in einem einzigen rechtlichen und operationellen Rahmen, in seinem Niveau der organisatorischen Integration divergiert und das dass die Kernursache aller folgenden Unterschiede zwischen den anderen Dimensionen ist. / Between 2001 and 2009, religious assistance in Portuguese public hospitals moved from a traditional chaplaincy model, where Roman Catholic chaplains stood as the only official religious representatives within hospital premises, to a legally enforced pluralistic model where religious diversity is both a challenge and a resource to religious actors. As a comparative case study of three high-end, public university hospitals in Portugal, this dissertation shows that religious assistance provision became contentious as the dominance exerted by the Roman Catholic Church in the specific case of religious assistance within hospitals was challenged by legal changes which are not fully implemented. Legal change towards a transition between traditional chaplaincies and Spiritual and Religious Assistance Services produced divergent results across the three cases studied in this dissertation, as the set of religious representatives within each hospital negotiated through specific local orders in order to achieve strategic goals. This divergent pattern is the most important research puzzle in this study. In this dissertation, it is proposed that religious assistance in public hospitals operates along four dimensions: the level of organizational integration of religious assistance services, their strategic orientation, their institutional underpinnings and their cognitive orientations. These dimensions determine, to a large extent, the patterns of strategic action by religious representatives within hospitals. This dissertation finds that each of the three cases studied, while integrated in a single legal and operational framework, diverge in their level of organizational integration and this is the core cause of all remaining differences across other dimensions.

The work of the South African chaplains during the First World War was of an extremely high standard. The postwar military failed to recognise this contribution. In the 1920s and early 1930s the chaplaincy was allocated an inferior position within the military. It was only in 1938 that the first chaplains were appointed in the Permanent Force. During the Second World War the unwillingness of the UDF hierarchy to appoint a single chaplain as the head of a Chaplains' Branch influenced the ministry negatively. Inter-denominational issues were resolved on a basis of consensus amongst Principal Chaplains who were granted very little executive power. The establishment of the SA Corps of Chaplains in 1946 confirmed the permanency of the chaplaincy within the UDF. The appointment of the first Deputy Chaplain General in 1949 did much to ensure effective ministry. The discontinuation of this post in 1954 had a detrimental effect on the chaplaincy. With the establishment of the Department of Physical and Spiritual Welfare in 1966 no clear cut division was made between the responsibility for spiritual (pastoral) care and physical care (social welfare). This anomaly was rectified in 1968 when an independent directorate for the chaplaincy was created and in 1970 when a Chaplain General was appointed. The chaplaincy in South West Africa grew from a single chaplain at Walvis Bay in 1963 to an immense organisation with hundreds of chaplains. In 1980 the SWATF Chaplain Service was formed under command of its own director. The presence of SADF/SWATF chaplains in South West Africa ceased in 1989 with the implementation of UN Resolution 435. The 1990s was a decade of great transition and turmoil for the Chaplain Service. In 1994 the military chaplaincies of the TBVC countries, as well as members from MK and APLA, were integrated into the Chaplain Service. The implementation of the transformation policy of the Department of Defence resulted in the Chaplain Service becoming more representative of the communities it serves. / Theology / D. Th. (Theology)

Spiritual care in hospitals is a well-established practice in Sweden that is justified by religious freedom. Contemporary Sweden is a multicultural society with a culturally and religiously diverse population. Since 2006, a Muslim spiritual care organization has been established in co-operation with the Swedish state. This interview study with Muslim spiritual caregivers examines how Islam is being interpreted and how Muslim spiritual care in Swedish hospitals is apprehended by the informants. By approaching Islam as a discursive tradition and combining historical and ethnological methods, this study sheds light on what aspects of Islam are considered relevant in the hospital context and it examines why that is the case. The study shows that Muslim spiritual care is regarded to be a complement to other healthcare practices. To a large extent, the care is provided by supportive conversations, Islamic counseling, as well as help with religious practices and rituals. To manage a patient’s various wants and the denominational diversity, the Muslim representatives hold that they put the patient’s and the relatives’ needs and interpretations of Islam first. The study concludes that the representatives are spiritual care professionals that are loyal to the state and the secular institutions they serve. This involves staying true to ideals of cultural and religious pluralism and equality but also knowing that these principles are subordinated to the hospital’s rules. This constructs boundaries regarding how Islam is interpreted and has to be negotiated in the efforts of making Islam a natural part of the institution.

[pt] A dissertação analisa o contexto histórico que marca a origem da função de capelão de navio no mundo; também procura refletir como esta tradição tornou-se comum nos navios brasileiros. Ao refletir sobre o nascedouro do capelão naval, a pesquisa analisa o perfil dos primeiros capelães navais e os desafios que envolveram os primórdios da assistência religiosa em uma embarcação. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, mapeia a presença do capelão naval na historiografia brasileira e de sua Marinha, abarcando o desenvolvimento histórico desta função nas fases da Colônia, Império e República, e da Marinha durante a Armada Real Portuguesa, na criação da Armada Imperial e Nacional, bem como na fase atual da Marinha do Brasil. Embora grande parte da pesquisa se suceda no campo da História, a motivação por trás da interpretação dos eventos é teológica e pastoral, promovendo uma interpretação protestante sobre a missão de um capelão naval na atualidade. A pesquisa reflete sobre a identidade do capelão naval, sua missão, seus desafios pastorais, os saberes que deve possuir e as atribuições deste ministério, revelando a necessidade de o capelão naval corresponder às exigências da instituição que representa, tendo a maturidade para pastorear um grupo heterogêneo e heterodoxo, dialogando com o ecumenismo e a inter-religiosidade, sem descaracterizar-se de sua confessionalidade. Impulsionado pelo desígnio de cumprir sua tríplice missão – assistência religiosa, assistência espiritual e apoio as atividades de educação moral – o capelão naval também é impelido teologicamente pela motivação cristã de servir as pessoas, testemunhando o evangelho de Cristo. / [en] This dissertation analyzes the historical context that sets the origin of the function of ship chaplains in the world; it also tries to reflect on how this tradition became common in Brazilian ships. Upon reflecting on the nascency of the naval chaplain, the research analyzes the profile of the first naval chaplains and the challenges involving the beginnings of religious assistance aboard a vessel. Through bibliographical research, the thesis maps the presence of the naval chaplain in Brazilian historiography and Navy, encompassing the historical development on the Colony, Empire and Republic phases, and the Navy during the Portuguese Royal Armada, in the creation of the Imperial and National Armada, as well as the current phase of the Brazilian Navy. Although a majority of the research takes place in the field of History, the motivation behind the interpretation of the events is theological and pastoral, enabling a Protestant interpretation about the mission of a naval chaplain nowadays. The research reflects on the identity of the naval chaplain, his mission and pastoral challenges, the knowledges he must have and attributions of the ministry, revealing the need for the naval chaplain to correspond to the demands of the institution he represents, having the maturity to shepherd a heterogeneous and heterodox group, whilst dialoguing with ecumenism and inter-religiosity, not losing the characteristics of his confessionality. Driven by the design of fulfilling his triple constitutional mission – religious assistance, spiritual assistance, and support on moral education activities – the naval chaplain is also theologically impelled by the Christian motivation of serving people, witnessing Christ s Gospel.

The thesis deals with the chaplaincy role, taking into consideration man´s religious dimension in a specific Czech Republic Armed Forces environment. It conducts a survey of military chaplaincy history at first, from a biblical ages to the present days and outlines possibilities for it´s further orientation. It deals with a cornerstone of the chaplaincy services afterwords, which is chaplain´s personality and his particular roles. The thesis subsequently analyses the subject of ethics of a soldier as well as marginally deals with the theme of war defense and pacifism. The end of the thesis describes stress and it´s impact to a soldier, including consequences of such an impact and it is dealing with the question of the military chaplaincy role, during following care about soldiers, affected by post traumatic stress disorder, in a context of holistic philosophy. Comparing and assessing the obtained information, this thesis finds out, if the military chaplaincy has an irreplaceable position in the Czech Republic Armed Forces.

Text in Afrikaans / Hierdie navorsing vorm deel van die kerk se roeping tot barmhartigheid en fokus op daardie aspek van die bediening wat gemoeid is met die welsyn van die tagtig plus ouer persoon in die besonder. ʼn Kwalitatiewe studie binne ‘n prakties-teologiese raamwerk is deur middel van in-diepte onderhoude onder die tagtig plus ouer persone, geestelike leiers en verpleegspersoneel betrokke by bejaardesorg, in Mosselbaai gedoen. Die bou van verhoudings, die voer van ‘n sinvolle en menswaardige bestaan, om verstaan te word en onvoorwaardelik aanvaar te word, het duidelik uit die resultate na vore gekom. Dié navorsing noop die gemeente om nuut te dink oor die verouderingsproses en hoe ‘n holistiese benadering tot bejaardesorg empatiese pastorale ondersteuning tot gevolg kan hê waar die afgetrede deur middel van bemagtigingsprogramme die nodige vaardighede ontvang om hulle verder instaat te stel om mekaar in ‘n omgeeverhouding te versorg. / This research forms part of the Church's call for compassion and focus on that aspect of the ministry that is concerned with the welfare of the eighty plus elderly in particular. A qualitative study within a practical theological framework through in-depth interviews among the eighty plus elderly, religious leaders and nursing staff involved in eldercare, were conducted in Mossel Bay. Building relationships, conducting a meaningful and dignified existence, to be understood and unconditionally accepted, clearly emerged from the results. This research compels the congregation to rethink the aging process and how a holistic approach to eldercare can result in empathic pastoral support where the retired through empowerment programs receive the necessary skills to develop their ability to care for each other. Key terms: / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Th. (Pastorale Terapie)

Establishment of Chaplaincy Service at the Hospital in Cheb This thesis describes the process of implementation of the hospital chaplain service in a hospital in Cheb, including a description of the obstacles and problems related to organizational culture change in this medical device. The aim of launching this new service was to contribute in improving the quality of services through complementing existing health services with the spiritual dimension of patient care. In the theoretical part the thesis focuses on knowledge about ecumenically-scale pastoral work of the hospital chaplains in the specific environment of hospitals. These findings are derived from publicly available sources - from secondary sources, or from websites. The practical part of the thesis describes the sequential steps that have been made in the implementation of chaplaincy services in Cheb hospital. The practical part contains interview with a professional chaplain, an experienced priest and nurses of Cheb hospital and a subsequent analysis of these interviews. Processed outputs of the interviews were then applied in the process of individualization of services according to the specific needs of this hospital. In this part also the state of new services a month after its launch had been evaluated. In the conclusion of the...

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This thesis examines the life and works of the English Calvinist clergyman Daniel Featley (1582-1645) through the lens of various printed and manuscript sources, especially his manuscript notebooks in Oxford. It links his story and thought to the broader themes of early Stuart religious, political, and intellectual history. Chapter one analyses the first thirty- five years of Featley’s life, exploring how many of the features that underpin the major themes of Featley’s career—and which reemerged throughout his life—were formed and nurtured during Featley’s early years in Oxford, Paris, and Cornwall. There he emerges as an ambitious young divine in pursuit of preferment; a shrewd minister, who attempted to position himself within the ecclesiastical spectrum; and a budding polemicist, whose polemical exchanges were motivated by a pastoral desire to protect the English Church. Chapter two examines Featley’s role as an ecclesiastical licenser and chaplain to Archbishop George Abbot in the 1610s and 1620s. It offers a reinterpretation of the view that Featley was a benign censor, explores how pastoral sensitivities influenced his censorship, and analyses the parallels between Featley’s licensing and his broader ecclesiastical aims. Moreover, by exploring how our historiographical understandings of licensing and censorship have been clouded by Featley’s attempts to conceal that an increasingly influential anti- Calvinist movement was seizing control of the licensing system and marginalizing Calvinist licensers in the 1620s, this chapter (along with chapter 7) addresses the broader methodological issues of how to weigh and evaluate various vantage points. Chapters three and four analyse the publications resulting from Featley’s debates with prominent Catholic and anti-Calvinist leaders. These chapters examine Featley’s use of patristic tradition in these disputes, the pastoral motivations that underpinned his polemical exchanges, and how Featley strategically issued these polemical publications to counter Catholicism and anti-Calvinism and to promulgate his own alternative version of orthodoxy at several crucial political moments during the 1620s and 1630s. Chapter five focuses on how, in the 1620s and 1630s, the themes of prayer and preaching in his devotional work, Ancilla Pietatis, and collection of seventy sermons, Clavis Mystica, were complementary rather than contradictory. It also builds on several of the major themes of the thesis by examining how pastoral and polemical motivations were at the heart of these works, how Featley continued to be an active opponent—rather than a passive bystander and victim—of Laudianism, and how he positioned himself politically to avoid being reprimanded by an increasingly hostile Laudian regime. Chapter six explores the theme of ‘moderation’ in the events of the 1640s surrounding Featley’s participation at the Westminster Assembly and his debates with separatists. It focuses on how Featley’s pursuit of the middle way was both: a self-protective ‘chameleon- like’ survival instinct—a rudder he used to navigate his way through the shifting political and ecclesiastical terrain of this period—and the very means by which he moderated and manipulated two polarized groups (decidedly convictional Parliamentarians and royalists) in order to reoccupy the middle ground, even while it was eroding away. Finally, chapter seven examines Featley’s ‘afterlife’ by analysing the reception of Featley through the lens of his post-1660 biographers and how these authors, particularly Featley’s nephew, John Featley, depicted him retrospectively in their biographical accounts in the service of their own post-restoration agendas. By analysing how Featley’s own ‘chameleon-like’ tendencies contributed to his later biographers’ distorted perception of him, this final chapter returns to the major methodological issues this thesis seeks to address. In short, by exploring the various roles he played in the early Stuart English Church and seeking to build on and contribute to recent historiographical research, this study sheds light on the links between a minister’s pastoral sensitivities and polemical engagements, and how ministers pursued preferment and ecclesiastically positioned themselves, their opponents, and their biographical subjects through print.