Introdução: Desde a década de 70, a limitação de suporte de vida vem sendo discutida como uma forma de oferecer uma morte digna a pacientes fora de possibilidades terapêuticas. A tomada de decisão de limitação terapêutica, quando não compartilhada por toda a equipe assistencial, pode se refletir em desconforto para os cuidadores, que devem executar a assistência conforme planejado, mesmo nem sempre concordando com as decisões tomadas. Esse desconforto pode ser reflexo de percepção de coerção, nem sempre manifesta. Objetivo: o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a expressão de coerção de cuidadores frente à assitência a pacientes pediátricos terminais, em limitação de tratamento. Material e métodos: através de estudo transversal e prospectivo, foi avaliada a expressão de coerção dos enfermeiros, médicos e técnicos de enfermagem que assistiram pacientes terminais, no período de um ano, utilizando-se a Subescala de Voz da MacArthur Admission Experience Survey modificada, solicitando concordância ou discordância a 4 sentenças. Na análise estatística foram realizados os testes de qui-quadrado com correlação de Pearson e o teste de comparações múltiplas de proporções com correção de Bonferroni. Foram utilizados o sistema SPSS v.18 e WINPEPI v.10.11. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5% (P<0,05). Resultados: foram analisados 227 questionários de Expressão de Coerção, relativos à assistência de 17 pacientes pediátricos terminais, no período de 2009 e 2010. Houve expressão de coerção em 17% dos questionários dos médicos, 72% dos enfermeiros (p<0,00001) e 76% dos técnicos (p<0,00001). Não houve diferença significativa de Expressão de Coerção entre enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem. Com relação às sentenças, houve expressão de coerção em todas, em taxas variadas, nas diferentes categorias de cuidadores. Na sentença ―Tive oportunidade suficiente de dizer se concordava com a limitação terapêutica ou não-ressuscitação‖ houve diferença significativa entre médicos e enfermeiros (p=0,004) e entre médicos e técnicos (p<0,001). Na sentença ―Tive oportunidade de dizer o que queria a respeito da limitação terapêutica ou não-ressuscitação‖ houve diferença significativa entre médicos e enfermeiros (p=0,005 ) e entre médicos e técnicos (p<0,002). Não houve diferença entre as equipes nas demais sentenças. Conclusão: a pesquisa evidenciou expressão de coerção nas três categorias de cuidadores de pacientes pediátricos terminais em limitação de tratamento, sendo os médicos os que expressaram menor coerção. Dentre os itens de expressão de coerção, os relacionados à expressão de opinião foram os mais apontados, principalmente entre os enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem. / Introduction: Limitation of life support is considered a means of providing dignified death to patients who are beyond any therapeutic possibility. The decision to limit life support should be shared among patients, their relatives, and their care providers. Health professionals caring for terminally or intractably ill children under limited life support may feel coerced, particularly when they were not involved in decision making for end-of-life care. In order to understand the feelings of these care providers, it is important that this perceived coercion be expressed and measured with valid instruments. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate expression of perceived coercion by nurses, physicians, and nurse technicians during limitation of life support among terminal patients treated at the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary hospital, quantify this expression of coercion, and compare it across the three aforementioned categories of caregivers. Methods: This prospective study used the three-item Voice subscale of the MacArthur Admission Experience Survey, modified by the addition of a fourth statement regarding ―validation,‖ to quantify expression of perceived coercion by the health professionals involved in the care of 17 patients who were under limitation of life support during the study period. The chi-square test with Pearson correlation and multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Overall, 10 nurses, 41 nurse technicians, and 23 physicians (65% of eligible healthcare providers) took part in the study. A total of 227 Coercion Expression questionnaires were completed, 121 by physicians, 50 by nurses, and 56 by nurse technicians, for a return rate of 65%, 61%, and 52% respectively. There was a significant difference in rate of return between physicians and nurse technicians (p=0.0258). Providers in all three categories expressed coercion to varying degrees. Analysis by Pearson's chi-squared test revealed that coercion was expressed significantly more by nurses and nurse technicians than by physicians (p<0.00001 for both comparisons). There was no significant difference between nurses and nurse technicians (p=0.7016). Coercion was reported for all items by caregivers in all three categories. There were significant differences between physicians and nurses and between physicians and nurse technicians in two of the three items concerning ―Voice‖ (p<0.005). There was no significant difference among providers for one of the ―Voice‖ items or for the ―Validation‖ item. Conclusion: This study revealed variable rates of coercion expression across three categories of healthcare providers involved in the end-of-life care of pediatric patients under limitation of life support, with physicians manifesting the least perceived coercion. Among the four items on coercion expression evaluated in this study, those related to expression of one‘s opinion—an essential element of decision-making—were the ones most commonly mentioned, particularly by nurses and nurse technicians.

In 2010 the EU initiated negotiations for new agreements forming the legal basis for relations between it and partner countries of the EaP, termed Association Agreements (AA). Negotiations were entered with all three countries in the South Caucasus as well as Ukraine and Moldova, and foresaw greater political association through extensive rule harmonisation. Yet, when negotiations came to an end at the Eastern Partnership summit in November 2013, Azerbaijan had dropped out, Ukraine made a last minute U-turn, and Armenia instead opted for Russian President Putin’s brand new Eurasian Customs Union (ECU). At the time, the change of events was to a large extent ascribed to Russian coercion. Based on empirical material from over 200 news articles, I perform a descriptive data analysis and process tracing, to elucidate what instruments were used and why. I argue that there is a strong relation between the prior relations of dependence between the target and Russia, lending coercive potential to varying degrees. The individual relations of dependence not only explain the choice of instrument but also its relative success.

Introdução: Desde a década de 70, a limitação de suporte de vida vem sendo discutida como uma forma de oferecer uma morte digna a pacientes fora de possibilidades terapêuticas. A tomada de decisão de limitação terapêutica, quando não compartilhada por toda a equipe assistencial, pode se refletir em desconforto para os cuidadores, que devem executar a assistência conforme planejado, mesmo nem sempre concordando com as decisões tomadas. Esse desconforto pode ser reflexo de percepção de coerção, nem sempre manifesta. Objetivo: o objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a expressão de coerção de cuidadores frente à assitência a pacientes pediátricos terminais, em limitação de tratamento. Material e métodos: através de estudo transversal e prospectivo, foi avaliada a expressão de coerção dos enfermeiros, médicos e técnicos de enfermagem que assistiram pacientes terminais, no período de um ano, utilizando-se a Subescala de Voz da MacArthur Admission Experience Survey modificada, solicitando concordância ou discordância a 4 sentenças. Na análise estatística foram realizados os testes de qui-quadrado com correlação de Pearson e o teste de comparações múltiplas de proporções com correção de Bonferroni. Foram utilizados o sistema SPSS v.18 e WINPEPI v.10.11. O nível de significância estabelecido foi de 5% (P<0,05). Resultados: foram analisados 227 questionários de Expressão de Coerção, relativos à assistência de 17 pacientes pediátricos terminais, no período de 2009 e 2010. Houve expressão de coerção em 17% dos questionários dos médicos, 72% dos enfermeiros (p<0,00001) e 76% dos técnicos (p<0,00001). Não houve diferença significativa de Expressão de Coerção entre enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem. Com relação às sentenças, houve expressão de coerção em todas, em taxas variadas, nas diferentes categorias de cuidadores. Na sentença ―Tive oportunidade suficiente de dizer se concordava com a limitação terapêutica ou não-ressuscitação‖ houve diferença significativa entre médicos e enfermeiros (p=0,004) e entre médicos e técnicos (p<0,001). Na sentença ―Tive oportunidade de dizer o que queria a respeito da limitação terapêutica ou não-ressuscitação‖ houve diferença significativa entre médicos e enfermeiros (p=0,005 ) e entre médicos e técnicos (p<0,002). Não houve diferença entre as equipes nas demais sentenças. Conclusão: a pesquisa evidenciou expressão de coerção nas três categorias de cuidadores de pacientes pediátricos terminais em limitação de tratamento, sendo os médicos os que expressaram menor coerção. Dentre os itens de expressão de coerção, os relacionados à expressão de opinião foram os mais apontados, principalmente entre os enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem. / Introduction: Limitation of life support is considered a means of providing dignified death to patients who are beyond any therapeutic possibility. The decision to limit life support should be shared among patients, their relatives, and their care providers. Health professionals caring for terminally or intractably ill children under limited life support may feel coerced, particularly when they were not involved in decision making for end-of-life care. In order to understand the feelings of these care providers, it is important that this perceived coercion be expressed and measured with valid instruments. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate expression of perceived coercion by nurses, physicians, and nurse technicians during limitation of life support among terminal patients treated at the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of a tertiary hospital, quantify this expression of coercion, and compare it across the three aforementioned categories of caregivers. Methods: This prospective study used the three-item Voice subscale of the MacArthur Admission Experience Survey, modified by the addition of a fourth statement regarding ―validation,‖ to quantify expression of perceived coercion by the health professionals involved in the care of 17 patients who were under limitation of life support during the study period. The chi-square test with Pearson correlation and multiple comparisons with Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: Overall, 10 nurses, 41 nurse technicians, and 23 physicians (65% of eligible healthcare providers) took part in the study. A total of 227 Coercion Expression questionnaires were completed, 121 by physicians, 50 by nurses, and 56 by nurse technicians, for a return rate of 65%, 61%, and 52% respectively. There was a significant difference in rate of return between physicians and nurse technicians (p=0.0258). Providers in all three categories expressed coercion to varying degrees. Analysis by Pearson's chi-squared test revealed that coercion was expressed significantly more by nurses and nurse technicians than by physicians (p<0.00001 for both comparisons). There was no significant difference between nurses and nurse technicians (p=0.7016). Coercion was reported for all items by caregivers in all three categories. There were significant differences between physicians and nurses and between physicians and nurse technicians in two of the three items concerning ―Voice‖ (p<0.005). There was no significant difference among providers for one of the ―Voice‖ items or for the ―Validation‖ item. Conclusion: This study revealed variable rates of coercion expression across three categories of healthcare providers involved in the end-of-life care of pediatric patients under limitation of life support, with physicians manifesting the least perceived coercion. Among the four items on coercion expression evaluated in this study, those related to expression of one‘s opinion—an essential element of decision-making—were the ones most commonly mentioned, particularly by nurses and nurse technicians.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-10-21T17:20:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 clariceaparecidalaierbarroso.pdf: 1856722 bytes, checksum: a2906ab18dfb78597f69106d2c663482 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-12-15T11:43:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 clariceaparecidalaierbarroso.pdf: 1856722 bytes, checksum: a2906ab18dfb78597f69106d2c663482 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-15T11:43:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 clariceaparecidalaierbarroso.pdf: 1856722 bytes, checksum: a2906ab18dfb78597f69106d2c663482 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-07 / No processo de transição para as relações capitalistas no Brasil houve a difuso de um ideário científico e modernizador, em que a Medicina Sanitária, pautada nos modelos vigentes na Europa, foi parte significante ao propor uma drástica intervenção no espaço público, a fim de promover a salubridade e a organização dos centros urbanos. Juiz de Fora constitui uma amostragem deste empreendimento que vigorou nos grandes centros nos primeiros anos da República. Juiz de Fora então se destacava no contexto da Zona da Mata e do Estado por seu poder econômico. Tal posição era vista como incoerente com o crescimento urbano desordenado que vinha ocorrendo no município. O anseio das elites locais centrava-se na implantação de um projeto sanitário modernizante através da Câmara Municipal, que pudesse situar o município no rol das grandes cidades, sendo fundamental para tanto a reestruturação urbana com vistas contenção das epidemias e o embelezamento da cidade. No intuito de atingir estas finalidades, a Câmara Municipal de Juiz de Fora retoma o plano sanitário instituído no período imperial e, com o apoio da Sociedade de Medicina e Cirurgia, o reorganiza a partir dos postulados científicos em voga no Rio de Janeiro. Amparados no aparato legal criado, as autoridades sanitárias fiscalizavam, intimavam e multavam intensamente os citadinos. Estes, por sua vez, reagiram de forma velada ao movimento sanitário, procurando esquivar-se das medidas profiláticas e das multas aplicadas que intervinham diretamente em seu modus vivendi. As práticas sanitárias ocorridas em Juiz de Fora revelam-se bastante similares aquelas desenvolvidas nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro e de São Paulo, ainda que a primeira se localize no interior do Estado e no tenha a mesma proeminência das capitais. / During transition processes for the capitalism relationship in Brazil an idea of scientific and modern diffusion, where Sanitary Medicine, guided on European models, was significant part to propose a drastic intervention on public space, to promote the salubrious and the organization of city centers. Juiz de Fora is a sample of this development that happens on biggest city centers on first years of Brazilian republic. So, Juiz de Fora stands out on Zona da Mata and on whole state because of its economic power. Such position was observed as incoherent within its disorientate urban growing that was happening specially on town. Yearning for an implementation of modern sanitary project by the local elite through town council, that could set the town on big cities status, been necessary for so an urban restart aiming for an epidemics contention and to make city beautiful. Aiming into achieve those goals, Juiz de Fora town council retakes sanitary plan instituted on imperial age and, with Medicine and Surgery Society support, reorganizes using habits and customs from Rio de Janeiro. Based on legal apparatus created for, the sanity authorities supervise, intimidate and constantly set fees on local people. These, by their way, react to sanitary appeal, trying to avoid the prophylactic action and the high fees applied that interferes directly on its modus vivendi- way to live. The sanitary practices that occurs in Juiz de Fora reveals very similar to those ones developed on Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo, even that firstone been placed inn the state and didn’t had same importance as statescapitals.

Contemporary democratic states seems to be facing problems regarding who is to be included in demos. Without knowing who is included in the people, it is impossble to know who is to be granted political equality. Whithout political equality, there can be no democracy. This thesis undertakes an internal citique to establish whether the nationalist-principle (represented by David Miller), the all affected interests-principle (represented by Robert E. Goodin) and the coercion-principle (represented by Arash Abizadeh) can be justified on the basis of their own view of political equality. It will be argued that all of the principleas are more or less internally incoherent, meaning that none of the perpesctives of who is to be included in the demos is consistent with political equality. By pointing out these inconsistencies, this paper lays the foundation for a potential further developent of these principles, which could make them more in tune with political equality.

The thesis argues that non-proliferation sanctions are effective primarily by their coercive effect, that is their power to change the target’s cost/benefit ratios. It does so by contrasting and comparing two key works in sanctions literature, authored by David Baldwin and the Targeted Sanctions Consortium respectively. In the case of the UN sanctions regime against the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), it concludes that the reason why no sufficient coercive effect has been apparent, is due to the lack of costs shouldered by the actors who have implemented the sanctions, as this reflects an apparent lack of commitment. This in turn does not sufficiently increase the possible cost of the DPRK, in continuing its nuclear weapons program. Therefore it is not incentivized to cancel its program.

Dans la procédure pénale, se développe une contradiction pour le fait que l'on assigne à cette matière à la fois la répression du crime et la protection des droits et libertés des personnes impliquées dans la commission du crime. Cette particularité de la procédure pénale, qui lui coûte sa stabilité, est davantage perçue dans la phase préparatoire du procès pénal. C'est à ce niveau que tout se joue. Le procès pénal proprement dit ne vient mettre en évidence que les éléments recueillis lors des investigations. Les pouvoirs coercitifs des autorités chargées des enquêtes sont diversifiés. Mais, au nom du principe de la présomption d'innocence, l'usage de la contrainte dans la phase préparatoire du procès pénal doit satisfaire aux exigences de nécessité et de proportionnalité. La Cour européenne des droits de l'homme porte un regard attentif sur l'exécution des mesures de contrainte, qui constituent la négation des droits et libertés individuels garantis par la Convention européenne. Ces mesures restent exceptionnelles au regard des principes constitutionnels. Les droits que le législateur accorde aux personnes qui en font l'objet en sont la contrepartie. Mais ces droits ne sont pas absolus. Les personnes soumises à contrainte avant tout jugement bénéficient d'une relative protection qui varie selon leur âge, la gravité de la contrainte en laquelle elles sont tenues et la nature de l'infraction considérée. / In the criminal procedure, develops a contradiction for the fact that we assign to this material at once the repression of the crime and the protection of the rights and the liberties of the persons involved in the commission of the crime. This peculiarity of the criminal procedure, which costs him his stability, is more perceived in the preparatory phase of the penal trial. It is at this level that everything takes place. The penal trial itself comes to bring to light only elements collected during the investigations. The coercive powers of the authorities loaded with inquiries are diversified. But, in the name of the principle of the presumption of innocence, the use of the coercion in the preparatory phase of the penal trial has to satisfy the requirements of necessity and proportionality. The European Court of Human Rights concerns an attentive glance the execution of measures of constraint, which constitute the negation of the guaranteed individual rights and the liberties by the European Convention of Human rights. These measures remain exceptional towards the constitutional principles. The rights which the legislator grants to the persons who are the object of it are the counterpart. But these rights are not absolute. The persons subjected to constraint above all judgment benefit from a relative protection which varies according to their age, the gravity of the constraint in which they are held and the nature of the considered breach.

Chez les espèces sociales, les individus des deux sexes peuvent interférer avec la sexualité et les alliances sociales des femelles, ce qui peut influencer les stratégies reproductives des femelles. Un regain d'intérêt récent pour l'action de la sélection sexuelle chez les femelles a mis en évidence que la compétition entre femelles pour monopoliser les ressources reproductives, comme les partenaires sexuels ou les soins aux petits, est prévalente. Cependant, jusqu'à présent, la compétition reproductive entre femelles a reçu peu d'attention chez les espèces polygynes. Nous avons donc étudié les déterminants de la compétition reproductive entre femelles dans une société primate polygyne, dans une population naturelle de babouins chacma, en Namibie. Nos résultats montrent que l'agression est plus intense entre les femelles qui sont en synchronie reproductive et associées à un même mâle, avec qui elles entretiennent des liens sociaux et sexuels préférentiels, et qui est souvent le protecteur et le père de leur petit. De plus, les femelles gestantes et en lactation harcèlent les femelles qui copulent avec leur mâle, probablement afin d'empêcher de nouvelles conceptions avec celui-ci. La compétition pour les soins des mâles semble donc contribuer à façonner les stratégies reproductives des femelles chez les espèces polygynes où ceux-ci apportent d'importants bénéfices aux femelles. Nous avons ensuite étudié les contraintes exercées par les mâles sur la sexualité des femelles. Mâles et femelles ont souvent des optimaux reproductifs divergents, donnant lieu à l'expression d’un conflit sexuel. Chez certaines espèces, les mâles recourent à la coercition sexuelle en agressant les femelles régulièrement afin de les obliger à s'accoupler avec eux-mêmes, ou de les empêcher de s'accoupler avec leur rivaux. Nous avons testé si l'agression dirigée par les mâles vers les femelles a une fonction de coercition sexuelle chez le babouin chacma. Nos résultats indiquent que l'agression des mâles vise en particulier les femelles sexuellement réceptives, augmente le succès d'accouplement immédiat des mâles avec la femelle harcelée et ses chances de la monopoliser lors de l'ovulation, à l'appui de l'hypothèse de coercition. Dans l'ensemble, cette étude permet d'améliorer notre compréhension des déterminants, de l'intensité, et des conséquences évolutives des contraintes sociales qui s'exercent sur la sexualité des femelles dans une société primate polygyne. Elle montre également que les conflits reproductifs jouent un rôle primordial pour structurer les relations entre les femelles d’une part, et entre les sexes d’autre part. / In group-living species, individuals of both sexes can interfere with the sexuality and social alliances of females, which may profoundly influence their reproductive strategies. Renewed attention in the operation of sexual selection on females shows that competition among females to secure reproductive resources, such as mates or allomaternal care, is common. However, to date, female reproductive competition has received little attention in polygynous species. In an attempt to fill this gap, we investigated the determinants of female reproductive competition in a polygynous primate society, the chacma baboon, focussing on a wild Namibian population. Our findings highlight that the frequency of aggression is most intense among females who are reproductively synchronous and who share the same male carer of their offspring. Females also harass sexually receptive females who attempt to mate with their offspring’s carer, likely to prevent further conceptions with him. Overall, competition to secure male carers seems to play an important role in shaping female reproductive strategies in polygynous species where males may provide females with important fitness benefits. We then examined constraints exerted by males on female sexuality. Males and females often have diverging reproductive optima, which underpins sexual conflict. In some species, males may use sexual coercion, in the form of repeated aggression before or during female sexual receptivity to induce females into mating or prevent them from mating with rivals. Here, we tested whether male aggression directed at females represents sexual coercion in chacma baboons. In support of the sexual coercion hypothesis, we found that male aggression against females is most intense when females are sexually receptive, increases male mating success with the harassed female on the short-term, and increases his chances to monopolize her around ovulation on the longer-term. Altogether, these results shed light on the determinants, intensity and evolutionary consequences of social constraints exerted on female sexuality in polygynous primates, and highlight that reproductive conflicts play a primary role in structuring female-female and male-female relationships.

No description available.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Inom den psykiatriska slutenvården i Sverige vårdas cirka en av fem patienter mot sin vilja, enligt Lagen om psykiatrisk tvångsvård (LPT). Att lida av psykisk ohälsa och blivit utsatt för tvångsvård är en omvälvande livshändelse för patienter. Det är önskvärt att förbättra tvångsvården och minska förekomsten av tvångsåtgärder. För att kunna göra det, och för att som sjuksköterska kunna ge bästa möjliga omvårdnad, krävs en djupare förståelse för patienters erfarenheter av tvångsvård.   Syfte: Att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av tvångsvård inom den psykiatriska slutenvården. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie baserad på 13 vetenskapliga, kvalitativa artiklar. Huvudresultat: Resultatet, som presenteras i fem kategorier, visade att många patienter hade liknande erfarenheter av tvångsvård. Tvångsvården i sig beskrevs inte sällan som rätt åtgärd för att skydda patienten eller andra, men många patienter upplevde att den utfördes på fel sätt. Negativa erfarenheter som nämndes var brist på information, kommunikation och delaktighet eller att bli bemött som en diagnos av personalen. Däremot beskrevs empatisk och hjälpsam personal, adekvat information om sjukdom och behandling, känslan av delaktighet och autonomi samt en trevlig yttre miljö och flexibla regler som positiva erfarenheter som gynnade tillfriskningsprocessen.  Slutsats: Patienter beskrev ofta både bra och dåliga erfarenheter av tvångsvård. För att kunna ge bästa möjliga omvårdnad och minimera risken för tvångsåtgärder är det viktigt att sjuksköterskan känner till och har förståelse för patienters erfarenheter av tvångsvård. Det kan minska patientens vårdlidande och främja återhämtningen. / Abstract Background:Within the psychiatric inpatient care in Sweden, about one in five patients are cared for against their will, according to the Act on Psychiatric Forcible Care (LPT). Suffering from mental illness and being subjected to obsessive-compulsive care is a life-changing event for patients. It is desirable to improve coercive care and reduce the incidence of coercive measures. To be able to do that, and to be able to provide the best possible care as a nurse, a deeper understanding of patients experience of coercion is required. Aim: To describe patients experiences of coercion in psychiatric inpatient care. Method: A descriptive literature review based on 13 scientific articles with a qualitative approach. Main results: The results were presented in five categories and showed that many patients have similar experiences of compulsive care. Coercion was often described as the right measure to protect the patient or others, but many patients felt that it was performed incorrectly. Negative experiences mentioned were lack of information and communication, not being able to participate in their own care or being treated as a diagnosis by the staff. However, responsive, empathetic and helpful staff, adequate information on illness and treatment, the sense of participation and autonomy as well as a pleasant external environment and flexible rules were described as positive experiences and favorable to the recovery process. Conclusion: Patients often described both good and bad experiences of compulsive care. In order to provide the best possible care, and to minimize the risk of coercive measures, it is important for the nurse to know and understand patients' experiences of compulsive care. Then the patients suffering can be reduced and their recovery can be promoted.