The intent of this paper is to examine the conditions for Swedish filmmakers with the short film format as final goal. Through a qualitative study we investigate what paths there are for distributing short films through the digital platforms available today. We do this by interviewing some of the most experienced and successful short film creators in Sweden and one of Sweden's main financier in film creation, to provide as just image of the branch as we can. Short films with financing from the state and regional financiers rarely has any focus on economic gain. They are rather intended to help form filmmakers and give them an opportunity to establish themselves prior to further filmmaking. The main digital platform in Sweden is SVT Play, witch is much based on the fact that SVT is part of sponsoring a big part of the government financed short films. The greatest problem we found is the availability for short films through digital platforms, since SVT Play most often has exclusive rights and only buy viewing rights during periods. When you want to distribute your short film, the most important aspect is the context, the film should not only appeal the audience it reaches but it also has to appeal the audience in the situation where it reaches them. / Vi undersöker förutsättningarna för filmskapare i Sverige med kortfilmsformatet som slutmål. I form av en kvalitativ studie tar vi reda på vilka vägar det finns för att distribuera sina kortfilmer med hjälp av dagens digitala plattformar och hur dessa nyttjas. Detta görs genom att intervjua några av Sveriges mest erfarna och framgångsrika kortfilmsskapare och en av Sveriges största finansiärer av filmskapande för att skapa en så korrekt bild av branschen som möjligt. Det kompletteras med en kvantitativ enkätundersökning ämnad att skapa en generell bild av svenskars konsumtion av statligt och regionalt finansierad kortfilm. Kortfilmer med statligt och regionalt stöd har sällan något fokus på ekonomisk vinning. De är snarare ämnade att forma filmskapare och ge dem en möjlighet att grunda inför fortsatt filmskapande. Den huvudsakliga digitala plattformen är SVT Play, på grund av att SVT är med och sponsrar en stor del av de statligt och regionalt finansierade kortfilmerna. Det största problemet vi funnit är tillgängligheten för kortfilmer på digitala plattformar, då SVT Play oftast har exklusiva rättigheter och bara har visningsrättigheter periodvis. Då man vill sprida sin kortfilm handlar det främst om kontexten, att filmen inte bara ska tilltala publiken den når utan också tilltala publiken i den situation publiken är i då den når den.

Cette thèse porte sur la visibilité de groupes qualifiés d’extrémistes sur internet. Si plusieurs études ont décrit les différents usages des technologies numériques par des groupes radicaux et la manière dont internet serait un catalyseur de radicalisation, peu d’études ont cherché à analyser la relation constitutive entre un dispositif technique et des militants extrémistes. L’objectif de la thèse est de renouveler le modèle de la visibilité médiatisée de groupuscules qualifiés d’extrémistes, en tenant compte des reconfigurations mutuelles entre les plateformes numériques et le groupe militant. Sur le plan théorique, cette recherche se situe à l’intersection de la théorie de l’acteur-réseau, des software studies et des travaux de Lucy Suchman (2007) sur les dynamiques de reconfigurations mutuelles et permanentes des relations entre humains et machines. Basée sur l’étude du cas de l’État islamique, l’analyse s’ancre dans des données provenant d’un terrain de recherche de type ethnographique, collectées sur un an et demi. L’enquête est composée d’une observation non participante menée sur plusieurs plateformes numériques exploitées par le groupe jihadiste, de l’archivage et l’analyse des traces en ligne, ainsi que d’un corpus documentaire. Nos résultats contribuent premièrement à une meilleure compréhension de la visibilité des groupes qualifiés d’extrémiste sur les plateformes numériques, en démontrant qu’elle est relationnelle, technicisée et conflictuelle. Notre étude fait tout d’abord ressortir qu’on assiste à une complexification du tableau de la visibilité. La visibilité en ligne de l’État islamique nécessite un vaste réseau d’acteurs, tels que spécialistes des médias, militants, spécialistes en cybersécurité et botnets. La visibilité mêle ainsi des procédés hors-ligne et en ligne, décentralisés et centralisés. L’analyse des pratiques quotidiennes de visibilité montre que le travail d’apparence des militants de l’État islamique suit un objectif d’amplification et d’abondance de leur flux informationnel. Le but est d’inonder les plateformes de réseaux sociaux de contenus pro État islamique, afin de mener une « guerre médiatique ». Par ailleurs, les résultats suggèrent que la visibilité est complexe en raison des séries de contraintes et de forces ennemies qui contrecarrent le projet en ligne de l’État islamique, tel que la modération de leurs contenus. Parallèlement, notre étude montre que la présence de ces usagers a redessiné la régulation de ces technologies en les rendant plus contraignantes. Enfin, nos résultats dévoilent que les militants de l’État islamique refusent l’assujettissement face aux suspensions répétées dont ils font l’objet. Pour limiter les effets négatifs de la modération, le collectif travaille activement à mettre en place des tactiques de résistance. Dans un second temps, la thèse s’intéresse aux formes de visibilité que cette médiation technique entre les militants et les plateformes numériques configure. Nous proposons le concept de visibilité technicisée pour rendre compte de la visibilité en ligne des opinions politiques. Ce type de visibilité se fonde sur l’incessant déploiement d’une raison technique. En cela, la visibilité devient une activité spécialisée qui exploite les dimensions techniques et automatisées des technologies numériques, avec leurs normativités propres. Si la visibilité technicisée confère aux utilisateurs du pouvoir pour assurer leur visibilité, la thèse émet certaines réserves quant à la valeur réelle de ce faire-voir. Elle montre que, dans la quête d’efficacité et d’abondance qui la caractérise, ce type de visibilité technicisée généralise un ensemble de comportements nuisibles et de procédures trompeuses pour exprimer une opinion politique. Révélatrices de nouvelles formes de domination et d’asymétrie, nous plaidons qu’elle pourrait à terme contraindre le jeu démocratique. / This thesis focuses on the visibility of extremist groups on the internet. While several studies have focused on describing the different uses of digital technologies by radical groups and the way the internet would operate as a catalyst for radicalization, few studies have sought to analyze the constitutive relationship between the technical apparatus and the militant extremist. The objective of the thesis is to renew the visibility model of groups classified as extremists, taking into account the mutual reconfigurations between digital platforms and the militant groups. At a theoretical level, our study is situated at the intersection of actor-network theory (ANT), software studies and Lucy Suchman’s work (2007) on the dynamic reconfiguration of mutual and permanent relationships between humans and machines. Based on the case study of the Islamic State, this analysis, lasting one and a half years, was anchored in data from an ethnographic research field. The survey consists of non-participant observation of several digital platforms exploited by the jihadist group, online archiving and analysis of online traces, as well as a documentary corpus. Our results contribute to better understanding how groups qualified as extremist develop their visibility on digital platforms, by emphasizing that it is relational, technical and conflictual. First of all, our study demonstrates the evolution to a more complex development of the resources used to obtain visibility. The online visibility of the Islamic state requires a vast network of actors, such as media specialists, activists, cybersecurity specialists and botnets. For this reason, offline and online, decentralized and centralized processes are combined. The analysis of their daily practices shows that the work of Islamic state militants to obtain visibility strive at amplification and abundance of their information flow. Their goal is to inundate social media platforms with their contents, conducting a “media war”. Furthermore, the results obtained suggest that developing visibility is complex due to a series of constraints and enemy forces that thwart the Islamic State project, such as moderation of contents as an example. At the same time, our study shows that the presence of this type of users has resulted in the redesign of the regulation of these technologies, making them more restrictive. Finally, the results reveal that the Islamic state militants are actively working to put in place resistance tactics in order to limit the negative effects of that moderation. In a second step, the thesis focuses on the forms of visibility evolving from this technical mediation between activists and digital platforms. We suggest the concept of technical visibility to highlight the online visibility of political opinions. This type of visibility is based on the deployments of a technical rationality. Therein the creation of visibility becomes a specialized activity using the technical as well as mechanized dimensions of digital technologies, each with their own mode of normativity. If technical visibility gives users the possibility to develop their visibility, the thesis expresses certain reservations as to the real value of this “ faire-voir ”. It shows that this type of technical visibility, due to its characteristic quest for efficiency and abundance of information, generalizes bulk, aggressive, or deceptive activity. This results in new forms of domination and asymmetry. We therefore argue that it could jeopardize democracy.

En el marco de la pandemia el Sistema Integral de Salud (SIS) ha implementado canalesdigitales de atención y consulta para informar acerca del aseguramiento universal de salud.En este sentido, se analiza la experiencia de usuario y usabilidad de las dos plataformasdigitales: consulta en línea y afiliación virtual; debido a que son las principales fuentes deinformación para los afiliados. Tras analizar las plataformas con los usuarios, se identificaron deficiencias de usabilidad dela plataforma “consulta en línea”. Los encuestados califican como mala experiencia de uso, debido a que no satisfacen sus necesidad de información y el diseño web no hace sencilla la búsqueda. Así mismo, no les transmite confianza e impacta en la sensación de satisfacción del servicio de salud final.Es pertinente proponer alternativas de solución desde el diseño gráfico, puesto que debereestructurarse la arquitectura de información y optimizar el diseño de las interfaces paraasegurar una buena experiencia de uso a los afiliados.Luego de evaluar el perfil de usuario y contexto de uso, se desarrolla como solución, el diseño web responsive de la plataforma “Consulta en línea”. Además, se aplica la metodología del Diseño centrado en el usuario (DCU) para identificar las necesidades de información yexpectativas de los usuarios.Finalmente, se realizaron testeos de la propuesta y se identificó que los principales logrosdel proyecto fue reducir el tiempo de búsqueda, simplificar el flujo de interacción y contribuira la percepción de confianza hacia el servicio del SIS. / In the framework of the pandemic, the Sistema Integral de Salud (SIS) has implemented digital channels of attention and consultation to inform about universal health insurance. In this sense, it analyzes the user experience and usability of the two digital platforms: online consultation and virtual affiliation; because they are the main sources of information for affiliates.After analyzing the platforms with the users, usability deficiencies of the “online consultation” platform were identified. Respondents like a bad user experience, because they do not satisfy their need for information and the web design does not make the search easy. Likewise, it does not convey confidence and impacts on the feeling of satisfaction of the final health service.It is pertinent to propose alternative solutions from graphic design, since it must restructurethe information architecture and optimize the design of the interfaces to ensure a good user experience for the affiliates.After evaluating the user profile and context of use, the responsive web design of the “Online Consultation” platform is developed as a solution. In addition, the User Centered Design(UCD) methodology is applied to identify the information needs and expectations of users.Finally, tests of the proposal were carried out and it was identified that the main achievements of the project were to reduce the search time, simplify the flow of interaction and contributeto the perception of trust towards the SIS service. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

PERFORMANCE OF DEPENDENT WORK THROUGH DIGITAL PLATFORMS ABSTRACT This thesis discusses the issue of work performance through digital platforms, especially regarding whether it is possible to classify such activity as "dependent work", particularly with regard to the laws of the Czech Republic. The thesis responds to the current legal "vacuum" surrounding the performance of work through digital platforms and the legal status of persons who perform such activity (referred to in the thesis as workers). The mentioned legal "vacuum" stems primarily from the absence of sufficient legal regulation in the given area and the "unconventionality" of such a way of performing work. Digital platforms describe their workers as independent entrepreneurs, and this practice is quietly tolerated by the Czech Republic (e. g. administrative authorities). However, there can be more than reasonable doubts about the veracity of such proclamation. Therefore, the thesis firstly analyzes the characteristics and conditions of dependent work according to the laws of the Czech Republic, which are then applied to the reality of the performance of work through digital platforms. Due to the number of their types, as well as the various systems that the platforms implement, three representatives were chosen for the purposes of this thesis,...

Las series web han tomado gran relevancia durante los últimos años y se han convertido en una de nuestras principales fuentes de entretenimiento. Es por ello que el presente protocolo de investigación buscará identificar las estrategias que se han implementado en la producción y exhibición de las series web. Como metodología se realizarán 18 entrevistas a personas involucradas en el proceso de producción y exhibición del mundo audiovisual. Esto permitirá desarrollar los dos objetivos que tiene esta investigación: analizar la producción de contenidos de la serie dentro de la plataforma digital y analizar la estrategia de exhibición de las series dentro de las plataformas digitales. / Web series have become very important in recent years and have become one of our main sources of entertainment. That is why this research protocol will seek to identify the strategies that have been implemented in the production and exhibition of web series. As a methodology, 18 interviews will be conducted with people involved in the production and exhibition process of the audiovisual world. All of this will allow the development of the two objectives of this investigation: to analyze the content production of the series within the digital platform and to analyze the strategy of showing the series within the digital platforms. / Trabajo de investigación

Esta investigación se centra en analizar la interactividad dentro de la plataforma Twitch entre streamers y comunidades digitales, permitiendo una evolución audiovisual digital. Dicha investigación se realizará mediante metodología observacional, donde se usará como técnica guías observacionales con aspectos etnográficos digitales. Esto permitirá ver el futuro audiovisual, no sólo en el aspecto de creación de contenido, sino en la importancia de la interactividad en esta etapa de digitalización a la que pertenecemos. El artículo científico permitió describir e investigar la relación que se desarrolla entre estos emisores y receptores, permitiendo dar a conocer la popularidad de este medio digital. Será realizado mediante una investigación aplicada y participativa en dos casos de streamers. Se comprenderá al finalizar el artículo como las comunidades llegan a familiarizarse con un creador de contenido; cómo las comunidades favorecen dentro del ecosistema de Twitch a los streamers; y como estas comunidades pueden llegar a tener un desarrollo interpersonal convirtiéndose en prosumidores. También se adjuntará recomendaciones a futuro para investigaciones respecto a preguntas no resueltas. / This research focuses on analyzing the interactivity within the Twitch platform between streamers and digital communities, allowing a digital audiovisual evolution. This research will be carried out through observational methodology, where observational guides with digital ethnographic aspects will be used as a technique. This allowed us to see the audiovisual future, not only in the aspect of content creation, but also in the importance of interactivity in this stage of digitization to which we belong. The scientific article will describe and investigate the relationship that develops between these transmitters and receivers, allowing to publicize the popularity of this digital medium. It will be carried out through an applied and participatory research in two cases of streamers. It will be understood at the end of the article how communities become familiar with a content creator; how communities favor streamers within the Twitch ecosystem; and how these communities can develop interpersonally by becoming prosumers. Future recommendations for investigations regarding unresolved questions will also be attached. / Tesis

Con la llegada de las redes sociales y las plataformas digitales, una de las herramientas más conocidas del marketing, el Electronic Word of mouth (EWOM), ha permitido que se genere un intercambio de opiniones de manera digital acerca de algún producto y/o servicio. Junto con esto, surgieron los online consumer reviews (OCR), que son evaluaciones que realizan los consumidores al servicio o producto que desean adquirir, los cuales brindan la posibilidad de obtener mejor y mayor cantidad de información. El objetivo del paper es estudiar el grado de influencia que tienen los principales atributos de los OCR en la intención de compra en la categoría de restaurantes de 5 tenedores. La literatura previa indica que atributos como la utilidad y credibilidad son importantes dentro de este proceso, y para el cual, en el modelo propuesto, se encontró como mediador a la adopción de la información. / With the arrival of social networks and digital platforms, one of the best-known marketing tools, Electronic Word of mouth (EWOM), has allowed an exchange of opinions to be generated digitally about a product and / or service. Along with this, online consumer reviews (OCR) emerged, which are evaluations made by consumers of the service or product they wish to purchase, which provide the possibility of obtaining better and greater amount of information. The objective of the paper is to study the degree of influence that the main attributes of OCR have on the purchase intention in the category of elite restaurants. The previous literature indicates that attributes such as usefulness and credibility are important within this process, and for which in the proposed model, the adoption of the information was found as a mediator. / Trabajo de investigación

Este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo la elaboración de un proyecto de innovación que resuelva la problemática que existe actualmente en el sector agrario respecto de a que los pequeños y medianos productores no perciben las ganancias adecuadas por su trabajo y cultivos, todo esto se debe ya que a raíz de nuestro clásico proceso de comercialización, los intermediarios generan un aumento cuantioso en el precio final del producto, lo cual no solo perjudica a los agricultores sino también a los consumidores finales, con nuestro emprendimiento se busca la manera de traspasar esta valla impuesta por el mercado y conectar directamente a ambas partes mediante el sistema de compras online a través de diferentes plataformas digitales con servicios de entrega preestablecidos, todo ello impulsado a su vez por la coyuntura actual de la pandemia a raíz de la COVID-19, que originó de cierta manera la variación de nuestros sistemas de compras así como también afectó sobre todo a un sector de la sociedad por lo que la motivación en gran medida de este plan de negocios es a su vez fomentar más medios para que el producto y trabajo peruano alcance y solvente las necesidades de ellos mismos. / This research work aims to develop an innovation project that solves the problem that currently exists in the agricultural sector with respect to small and medium producers do not receive adequate earnings for their work and crops, all this is because as a result of our classic marketing process, intermediaries generate a large increase in the final price of the product , which not only harms farmers but also the final consumers, with our venture we are looking for a way to go beyond this fence imposed by the market and directly connect both parties through the online purchasing system through different digital platforms with pre-established delivery services, all this in turn driven by the current situation of the pandemic as a result of the COVID-19 , which originated in a certain way the variation of our purchasing systems as well as affected especially a sector of society so that the motivation largely of this business plan is in turn to encourage more means for the product and Peruvian work reach and meet the needs of themselves. / Trabajo de investigación

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to contribute to a better understanding of the company's ability to communicate the message of a Corporate Rebranding. This is by examining the strategic implications that influence the control of communication on Social Digital Platforms during the implementation of a corporate rebranding. Method: This research study may be called a multidisciplinary study and is based on an abductive approach. It is written with a qualitative research strategy with a hermeneutic approach. Theoretical frame of reference: Model of Corporate Rebranding, compilation of previous research in the field of “External communication on Social Digital Platforms during a Corporate Rebranding”, the authors conceptual framework Empirical foundation: Empirical evidence has been collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews with a total of six (6) respondents. Conclusions: Based on empirical and theoretical analysis, the authors have come to three (3) promotional prominent actions that fulfill the study's purpose and the study's research question. These are (1) Brand Descriptions based on insights. Produce a clear Brand Description that is based on insights from external stakeholders to act from. (2) Internal Anchorage. A corporate rebranding must be anchored internally to externally be communicated uniformly, or coordinated. (3) Factual Convincing. Convince with facts and factuality to reduce subjective criticism. / Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att komplettera existerande forskning med ökad förståelse för extern kommunikation vid corporate rebranding i den digitala eran. Detta genom att undersöka vilka åtgärder som bidrar till företagets möjlighet att bibehålla kontrollen av den externa kommunikationen vid genomförandet av en corporate rebranding. Metod: Studien kan liknas vara flerfallsstudie som utgår från en abduktiv ansats, är skriven med en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi samt ur ett hermeneutiskt förhållningssätt. Teoretisk referensram: Model of corporate rebranding, sammanställning av tidigare forskning inom ämnesområdet “extern kommunikation på sociala digitala plattformar vid corporate rebranding”, konceptuellt ramverk Empiri: Empiriskt underlag har insamlats genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med totalt sex (6) respondenter. Slutsatser: Baserat på empiriskt och teoretisk analys har forskarna kommit fram till tre (3) framträdande främjande åtgärder som uppfyller studiens syfte samt svarar på studiens frågeställning. Dessa är (1) Insiktsbaserad varumärkesplattform. Framställa tydlig varumärkesplattform som är byggd på insikter från externa intressenter att agera ifrån. (2) Intern förankring. En corporate rebranding måste förankras internt för att kommuniceras enhetligt, eller samordnat. (3) Saklig övertygelse. Övertyga med fakta och saklighet för att minska subjektiv kritik.

As a result of the covid-19 pandemic, organizations have been forced to undergo rapid and significant changes. One of the more extensive changes has been the transfer of work from physical offices to virtual environments, which implies that employees have been forced to adapt to new conditions. Moreover, implementing major changes is a far more complex process for larger, traditional and older organizations, since they generally have an inveterate organizational culture. Thus, there is an interest in analyzing large organizations, such as Scania, since they have been forced to undergo major changes due to covid-19, and how these changes have affected the employees' perceptions and experiences of the organizational culture. This study is based on a qualitative approach, and examines how Scania’s employees have experienced the shift from a physical workplace to a virtual workplace, and how this has affected the perceived organizational culture. The empirical data was analyzed on the basis of the study's theoretical framework, The Cultural Web, and with the help of the theory of sensemaking, as well as Schein's three levels of organizational culture. The result indicates that the transition to a virtual workplace has generated both positive and negative implications on the perceived organizational culture of Scania. This is explained by the fact that the transition to a virtual workplace has increased the individual part of sensemaking, and reduced the collective part. The results also show that employees identify more with Scania after the change than before, as they experience that the workplace has become more flexible with allowing remote work. / Till följd av covid-19-pandemin har organisationer tvingats genomgå både hastiga och stora förändringar. En av de mer omfattande förändringarna har varit förflyttningen av arbetet från de fysiska kontoren, till en virtuell miljö vilket medfört att anställda tvingats anpassa sig efter nya förutsättningar. Samtidigt har det påvisats att större, traditionella och äldre organisationer har svårare att genomföra stora förändringar på grund av en inbiten organisationskultur. Således finns ett intresse av att undersöka stora organisationer, likt Scania, som tvingats genomgå en stor förändring i samband med covid-19, och hur det har påverkat de anställdas upplevelse av organisationskulturen. Denna studie har, utifrån ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt, undersökt hur de anställda på Scania upplever att organisationskulturen har påverkats av den digitala omställningen – att gå från en fysisk arbetsplats till en virtuell. Empirin analyserades utifrån studiens teoretiska ramverk The Cultural Web och med hjälp av teorin om meningsskapande, samt Scheins tre nivåer av organisationskultur. Studien visade att omställningen till en digital arbetsplats har genererat både positiva och negativa implikationer på Scanias organisationskultur. Detta då övergången till en virtuell arbetsplats har ökat den individuella delen av meningsskapande, och samtidigt minskat den kollektiva. Resultatet visar även att medarbetarna identifierar sig mer med Scania efter omställningen än tidigare, då de upplever att arbetsplatsen blivit mer flexibel genom möjligheten till distansarbete.