La siguiente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el uso de los elementos narrativos a través de los programas de los famosos podcasts peruanos Moloko y Sin Paltas, y las estrategias discursivas que lleva a los podcat al éxito en las plataformas digitales y streaming, las cuales han sido un escenario fundamental para su desarrollo. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación se van a presentar e identificar qué estrategias narrativas son las más utilizadas en los podcasts, comparando estrategias de comunicación y elementos narrativos en los podcasts elegidos. Luego se identificarán las diferencias que existen en el discurso narrativo de Moloko podcast y Sin Paltas podcast, para así explicar la interacción y la relación con sus seguidores y oyentes. Para el desarrollo de esta investigación se utilizará el método cualitativo, aplicando un paradigma de investigación de carácter interpretativo y naturalista, en base a la recolección y análisis de datos obtenidos a través de la audición de los podcasts emitidos en situaciones y fechas trascendentes. Los resultados de esta investigación indican que los podcasts son una nueva forma de comunicación cómo desarrollo de la era digital. Los podcasts se han convertido en una herramienta versátil, libre de parámetros estipulados, donde sus elementos y el discurso narrativo, dejan de lado a las grandes cadenas de comunicación, para apostar por los medios de comunicación independientes. / The following research aims to analyze the use of narrative elements through the programs of the famous Peruvian podcasts Moloko and Sin Paltas, and the discursive strategies that lead the podcasts to success in digital and streaming platforms, which have been a fundamental scenario for their development. To carry out this research, we will present and identify which narrative strategies are the most used in podcasts, comparing communication strategies and narrative elements in the chosen podcasts. Then, the differences that exist in the narrative discourse of Moloko podcast and Sin Paltas podcast will be identified, in order to explain the interaction and relationship with their followers and listeners. For the development of this research, the qualitative method will be used, applying an interpretative and naturalistic research paradigm, based on the collection and analysis of data obtained through the listening of podcasts broadcasted in transcendent situations and dates. The results of this research indicate that podcasts are a new form of communication as a development of the digital era. Podcasts have become a versatile tool, free of stipulated parameters, where its elements and narrative discourse, leave aside the big communication chains, to bet on independent media. / Trabajo de investigación

En la actualidad nos encontramos atravesando por una pandemia tras el surgimiento del COVID-19, que ha ocasionado, en gran parte, que los estilos de vida de los consumidores se modifiquen y adapten a la nueva realidad temporal. Uno de los cambios de mayor relevancia es el trabajo y estudio de manera remota desde los hogares, razón por la cual el tiempo de conexión es mayor y uno de los sectores más favorecidos ha sido el del e-learning. Ante este panorama, nace la idea de la creación e implementación de una plataforma digital, tanto web como aplicativo móvil, que integre cursos y talleres con el objetivo de brindar bienestar, aprendizaje y entretenimiento a las familias, en el horario que tengan disponible. ActivArte360 busca satisfacer necesidades no cubiertas de los niveles socioeconómicos B y C en cuanto a servicios virtuales, brindándoles variedad de opciones dentro de una misma plataforma, de manera que se ahorre el tiempo de búsqueda y la inversión para poder suscribirse a alguno. Para validar este modelo de negocio se realizaron diversos experimentos mediante los MVPs diseñados, consiguiendo así el nivel de aceptación que tendrá la propuesta una vez puesta en marcha. Las validaciones fueron el soporte para la elaboración de planes y estrategias en la organización para lograr los objetivos deseados en cuanto a rentabilidad y escalabilidad. Finalmente, se busca una adaptación constante frente a las diferentes tendencias y exigencias del consumidor en un entorno cambiante. / We are currently going through a pandemic after the emergence of COVID-19, which has caused, to a large extent, the lifestyles of consumers to modify and adapt to the new temporary reality. One of the most relevant changes is working and studying remotely from home, which is why connection time is longer and one of the most favored sectors has been e-learning. Against this background, the idea was born of the creation and implementation of a digital platform, both web and mobile application, that integrates courses and workshops with the aim of providing well-being, learning and entertainment to families, at the time available. ActivArte360 seeks to satisfy unmet needs of socioeconomic levels B and C in terms of virtual services, offering them a variety of options within the same platform, in such a way as to save search time and investment to be able to subscribe to one. To validate this business model, various experiments were carried out using the designed MVPs, thus achieving the level of acceptance that the proposal will have once it is launched. The validations were the support for the development of plans and strategies in the organization to achieve the desired objectives in terms of profitability and scalability. Finally, a constant adaptation is sought in the face of different trends and consumer demands in a changing environment. / Trabajo de investigación

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal determinar el impacto de las plataformas digitales de alquiler temporal de inmuebles en el Impuesto a la Renta de personas naturales en el distrito de Breña año 2020. Las plataformas digitales son un nuevo modelo de negocio, donde se puede presumir una alta omisión en el pago oportuno del Impuesto a la Renta de personas naturales. El presente trabajo de investigación comprende cinco capítulos, los cuales son: Capitulo I, Marco Teórico, se presenta antecedentes, análisis del sector de alquiler de inmuebles el mismo que comprende, características, evolución, así mismo se desarrolla las definiciones de plataforma digital, alquiler, contrato, Impuesto y Renta; Capitulo II, Plan de Investigación se aborda la descripción y formulación de la problemática, así como la justificación, objetivos, limitaciones e hipótesis; Capitulo III, Metodología de la Investigación, comprende objetivo, alcance, diseño y tipos de investigación, así mismo la determinación de población y muestra; Capitulo IV, Desarrollo de la Investigación comprende los instrumentos de investigación como son las entrevistas y encuestas, así como también la descripción de un caso práctico; Capítulo V, en donde se desarrolla un análisis de resultados, analizamos las entrevistas y encuestas, desarrollamos el caso práctico, así como la medición de la fiabilidad del Alfa de Cronbach y validación de las hipótesis mediante la prueba de Chi Cuadrado, con la finalidad de emitir las conclusiones y recomendaciones respectivas. / The main objective of this research work is to determine the impact of digital platforms for temporary rental of real estate on the Income Tax of natural persons in the district of Breña in 2020. Digital platforms are a new business model, where can presume a high omission in the timely payment of the Income Tax of natural persons. The present research work comprises five chapters, which are: Chapter I, Theoretical Framework, it presents antecedents, analysis of the real estate rental sector, which includes, characteristics, evolution, as well as the definitions of digital platform, rental, contract, Tax and Income; Chapter II, Research Plan addresses the description and formulation of the problem, as well as the justification, objectives, limitations and hypotheses; Chapter III, Research Methodology, includes objective, scope, design and types of research, as well as the determination of population and sample; Chapter IV, Research Development includes research instruments such as interviews and surveys, as well as the description of a practical case; Chapter V, where an analysis of results is developed, we analyze the interviews and surveys, we develop the practical case, as well as the measurement of the reliability of Cronbach's Alpha and validation of the hypotheses using the Chi-square test, in order to issue the respective conclusions and recommendations. / Tesis

Som en effekt av COVID-19 pandemin har preferenserna kring arbetssättet förändrats. Det finns ett ökat behov hos medarbetare att arbeta flexibelt och för att bemöta detta har organisationer infört hybridarbete inom verksamheten. För att hybridarbete ska fungera är digitala plattformar väsentliga då de kan användas för kommunikation och erbjuda funktioner för att upprätthålla engagemang och välmående. Medarbetare som använder digitala plattformar kan interagera med dem på olika vis då de kan ha skilda mål att uppnå. Detta kan i sin tur leda till att anställda uppfattar olika möjligheter med samma tekniska objekt. Syftet med denna studie är att få en ökad förståelse kring digitala plattformar och dess roll vid ett hybridarbetssätt, samt hur verktygen påverkar arbetssättet hos medarbetare från olika avdelningar. För att besvara syftet har följande frågeställningar tagits fram: 1. Vilka möjligheter och begränsningar upplever medarbetare med digitala plattformar i förhållande till deras hybridarbetssätt? 2. Vilka likheter eller skillnader finns mellan avdelningar i relation till upplevda möjligheter och begränsningar? För att försöka besvara frågeställningarna genomfördes en litteraturgenomgång och en kvalitativ ansats applicerades med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Intervjuerna genomfördes med fyra respondenter från olika avdelningar inom ett mjukvarubolag, som visades använda Microsoft Teams som digital plattform. Studien tillämpade affordance theory för att belysa möjligheter och begränsningar som medarbetare från olika avdelningar uppfattar med Microsoft Teams. Studien resulterade i att tre möjligheter och fem begränsningar kunde identifieras med Microsoft Teams. Microsoft Teams erbjuder möjligheter i form av interaktiva möten, delning och mottagning av information och kunskap samt att visa tillgänglighet. Begränsningarna som identifierades baseras på prestanda, att hitta information, brist på funktionalitet, uppkoppling och inlärningskurva. Studien kunde även identifiera likheter och skillnader mellan medarbetarna, däremot kan de baseras på andra faktorer än att personerna arbetar inom olika avdelningar. / As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, preferences regarding work methods have changed. There is an increased demand among employees to work flexibly, and to address this, organizations have implemented a hybrid work approach within their enterprise. For hybrid work to be beneficial, digital platforms are essential as they can be used for communication and provide features to maintain engagement and wellbeing. Employees who use digital platforms can interact with them in different ways as they may have different goals to achieve. This, in turn, can lead to employees perceiving different possibilities with the same technological object. The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of digital platforms and their role in a hybrid work environment, as well as how these tools impact the work methods of employees from different departments. To answer the purpose, the following research questions have been formulated: 1. What opportunities and limitations do employees experience with digital platforms in relation to their hybrid work approach? 2. What similarities or differences exist between departments regarding perceived opportunities and limitations? To address these research questions, a literature review was performed, and a qualitative approach was applied using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with four respondents from different departments within a software company, and it was established that the company uses Microsoft Teams as a digital platform. The study applied the affordance theory to display the opportunities and limitations perceived by employees from different departments, when using Microsoft Teams. The study resulted in the identification of three opportunities and five limitations with Microsoft Teams. Microsoft Teams offers opportunities in the form of interactive meetings, sharing and receiving information and knowledge, as well as displaying availability. The identified limitations were based on performance, finding information, lack of functionality, connectivity, and learning curve. The study also identified similarities and differences among the employees, however these may be based on other aspects than the fact that the individuals are working in different departments.

The circular economy has become one of the most crucial business plans for organizations. There is rapid progress in using digital technologies, especially two-sided digital platforms as enablers for various businesses and start-ups to grow rapidly. However, these digital platforms are facing significant obstacles and barriers in advertising their products, growing sales, and improving profitability. There is not enough scientific research and scholarly work that has been undertaken or focused on the strategies to promote the circular economy from the aspect of information systems. The purpose of this research aims to explore the major possible contributing techniques that can be implemented to enhance the utilization of digital platforms as enablers for the circular economy. In this study, qualitative exploratory research has been considered as an adequate and suitable scheme for generating a contextual understanding of the phenomenon. 11 semi-structured interviews were conducted. The interviews were among individuals and within several organizations that are associated with the circular economy. According to the data collected from the survey, the most visible elements that affected the decision of the participants while using the digital platform are price, quality, sustainability, and location. Based on the findings, this study makes critical recommendations to tackle the problems that hinder the development of the circular economy among individuals, companies, and organizations. The recommended themes for circular economy strategies are to increase customer satisfaction, focus on opportunities, improve trustworthiness (online reviews), set up reliable return policies, and increase stakeholder engagement

[pt] A presente pesquisa analisará a ascensão e a complexificação da Web 2.0, situando-a sobre a emergência da tecnologia algorítmica. Os chamados algoritmos nascem no século XIX, tornando-se no presente século um dos maiores dispositivos tecnológicos referente à coleta, hierarquização, acumulação e coordenação de dados. Assim, este trabalho busca compreender como os algoritmos, em seu desenvolvimento, adquiriram inúmeras funções nas mídias sociais, transcendendo a finalidade de aumento da competitividade econômica das empresas no Vale do Silício. A referida pesquisa fará uma análise conjunta entre as escolas dos Estudos Críticos sobre Algoritmos, Estudos Críticos sobre Fronteiras e de Sociologia Política Internacional, a fim de compreender o que é e como nasce essa Fronteira Algorítmica, quais seriam os seus efeitos sociopolíticos e por que ela é algo que atinge em distintos graus toda a humanidade no século XXI. Após a introdução, a análise, o desenvolvimento e a discussão nos três primeiros capítulos, o último capítulo se destinará a comparar o Caso Snowden e o Escândalo da Cambridge Analytica, evidenciando semelhanças e afastamentos sobre como os algoritmos podem ser usados com fins que não se limitam à escala econômica e política, mas também são entidades capazes de influenciar a níveis psicológicos e sociológicos a raça humana. / [en] This research will analyze the rise and complexity of Web 2.0, placing it on the emergence of algorithmic technology. The so-called algorithms were born in the 19th century, becoming in the present century one of the greatest technological devices regarding the gathering, hierarchy, accumulation and coordination of data. Thus, this work seeks to understand how the algorithms in their development were acquiring numerous functions in social media, transcending the purpose of increasing the economic competitiveness of companies in Silicon Valley. This research will make a joint analysis between the schools of Algorithms Critical Studies, Borders Critical Studies and International Political Sociology, to understand what this Algorithmic Frontier is and how it is born, what would be its socio-political effects and why it is something that affects all of humanity in the 21st century to varying degrees. After the introduction, analysis, development and discussion in the first three chapters, the last chapter will compare the Snowden case and the Cambridge Analytica scandal, highlighting similarities and differences on how algorithms can be used for purposes that are not limited to economic and political scale, but they are also entities capable of influencing humans at psychological and sociological levels.

Digital platforms and tools have already taken over a large part of human daily lives and with the latest pandemic of COVID-19 it is clear how these technological trends have just increased, in both intensity and complexity, across most of the different aspects that comprehend our everyday activities. For instance, people are staying more at home and people now socialize, consume and work with help of different digital tools, which in other words means that the homes’ original role is changing to a more multifaceted and integral function. Based on such reality, this master thesis aims to investigate how property owners of housing rentals in Stockholm could extract value from these mentioned trends and context by incorporating new alternative income streams in their current business models. Moreover, this academic inquiry also intends to investigate the financial effect that these streams incorporation could have on a property valuation in the housing rental sector of Stockholm.  This thesis project follows two different, yet subsequential, lines of research, where the first one is an interview with local industry experts that provided insights in which kind of potential new value streams that property owners could incorporate in their current business models. They also shared information regarding which kind of digital tools are needed nowadays to make the new offering to the tenants in the most effective way within the Stockholm Private Rental Sector context. The industry experts also gave estimations of the cash flows enhancements that these service incorporation could bring to the owner . This information created the foundation that was used to later interview property owners. The property owners gave information of which kind of digital tools they used today, and what their view was about incorporating the new services and contracts that the industry experts had pointed out as possible new income streams. Both sets of interviews were analyzed with help of finding themes and reviewed literature that allowed the authors of this project to move on to evaluate the financial effect on a housing rental property in Stockholm whenever the new cash flows of the filtered income streams were considered.  The thesis has reached the conclusion that an incorporation of provision of services can create value for both the tenant and the property owner, even though specific services that should be incorporated aren't pointed out. The market was, at the time this thesis was written, immature and fast moving, which makes it hard to say which services will be successful in the Swedish market. Despite this are the results pointing out that contracts as home-electricity and insurances are among the services that have the lowest barrier to implement, and have already been tried by some actors in the industry. For those actors that have started an incorporation of provision of services have already noticed new cash-flows streams, even if they today are minor. The second conclusion is that those cash-flows will in the future trigger higher property values as properties will be a more attractive asset to possess. To be able to identify the demand and extract value from it in a successful way is a user-centered approach a key aspect, as the transaction must create new value for all actors involved / Digitala plattformer och verktyg har redan tagit över en stor del av människors dagliga liv och med den senast Corona-pandemin är det tydligt hur teknologiska trender har ökat, i både intensitet och komplexitet, och påverkar de flesta människors vardagsaktiviteter. Under Corona-pandemin har människor spenderat mer tid hemma och människor har socialiserar, konsumerar och arbetar med hjälp av olika digitala verktyg, vilket innebär att hemmets originella funktion har förändrats till en mer mångfacetterad funktion i människors liv. Baserad på detta så undersöker denna masteruppsatsen hur fastighetsägare, av hyresrätter i Stockholm, kan extrahera värde från dessa nämnda trender genom att inkorporera nya intäktsströmmar i deras befintliga affärsmodell. Denna akademiska uppsats undersöker också vilken påverkan dessa nya intäktsströmmar har på fastighetsvärden i hyresrättssektorn i Stockholm.  Metoden för att nå en slutsats är uppdelad i två processer, där den första är att intervjua vad som benämns i uppsatsen som industri-experter inom ämnet proptech. Dessa bidrar med insikt kring vilka nya intäktsströmmar som möjliga att inkorporera i fastighetsägares nuvarande affärsmodell. Dom understödjer också med information kring vilka digitala verktyg som är nödvändiga för att kunna inkorporera tjänsteförmedling på ett effektivt sätt till hyresgäster i Stockholms privata hyressektor. Utöver detta så ger industri-experterna estimeringar kring vilka värden som kunde tillfalla fastighetsägarens för varje enskild tjänsteförmedling. Denna information används som ett underlag vid nästa skede av intervjuprocessen med fastighetsägarna. Fastighetsägarna bidrar med information kring vilka digitala verktyg dom använde, vid tidpunkten denna uppsats skrevs, och deras syn på att inkorporera förmedling av de tjänster och kontrakt som industri-experterna pekar ut under första intervjuprocessen. Intervjuerna analyseras med hjälp av tematisk analys och parallellt med detta analyseras litteratur, vilket skapade möjlighet att utvärdera vilka finansiella effekter som en inkorporering av tjänsteförmedling kan få på hyresrättssektorn i Stockholm.  Uppsatsen når slutsatsen att inkorporering av tjänsteförmedling kan skapa värde för både hyresgästen och fastighetsägaren, även om de specifika tjänsterna inte pekas ut. Marknaden var vid tidpunkten när denna uppsats skrevs omogen och utvecklades snabbt vilket gör det svårt att svara på vilka tjänster som kommer vara framgångsrika i en svensk marknad. Trots detta pekar resultat på att kontakt som hushållsel och hemförsäkring hade låga ingångsbarriärer i marknaden att implementera, och vissa fastighetsägare har redan påbörjat denna process. Denna inkorporering har för dessa aktörer inneburit vissa nya intäktsströmmar, som dock är väldigt begränsade. Den andra slutsatsen är att de nya intäktsströmmar i framtiden kommer utlösa högre fastighetsvärderingar då fastigheter kommer bli en attraktivare tillgång att inneha. För att kunna identifiera efterfrågan och extrahera värdet ur en tjänsteförmedlingen, på ett framgångsrikt sätt, är en användarcentrerad strategi en viktig aspekt då transaktionerna som sker mellan fastighetsägaren och hyresgästen måste vara värdeskapande för alla inblandade aktörer.

Over the recent decade the world has seen an increase in businesses launching new, or changing theirbusiness model to, digital platforms. New and established businesses are flocking to digital platformsin order to evolve their business model and keep up with advancements in technology, such as cloudcomputing, which enables commerce and communication on a much faster and more streamlinedlevel. Digital platforms with two-sided markets often face fierce competition from market incumbentswhich benefit from traditional supply-side economies of scale, as well as from other digital platforms.Therefore, the competitive strategy adopted at market launch and under operations will have a greatimpact on the platform performance in terms of firm financial performance.This study is divided into two parts and is performed with the objective to gain insight into thecompetitive strategies adopted by digital platform businesses with two-sided markets, and how suchstrategic decisions may be informed in favor of profitability. The first part investigates the influence ofinternal factors, such as debt ratio, quick ratio, sales growth, and capital turnover ratio, on the firmfinancial performance (measured by return on assets) of digital platforms with two-sided markets inthe Nordics. The second part investigates the relationship between the firm financial performance(measured by return on assets) of digital platform businesses with two-sided markets after launch andthe type of strategy adopted. Subsequently, two hypotheses are presented. Subsequently, twohypotheses are presented. A panel data regression model is developed to evaluate these relationships,allowing the authors to test the null hypotheses. The data set used in the panel data regression modelcomprise an unbalanced sample of 27 companies who have launched their platforms in Norway,Sweden, and Denmark. Financial data was gathered in the form of return on assets (dependentvariable), capital turnover ratio, quick ratio, debt ratio, and sales growth (explanatory variables).These companies were grouped depending on which strategy was adopted on market launch and underearly operations. These strategies are subsidy, seeding and marquee users, micro market launch andpiggybacking (categorical ‘dummy’ variables).Studying the firm financial performance of businesses which adopt digital platforms will help us tobetter understand the efficacy of strategies adopted and how these strategies impact financialperformance. Both null hypotheses tested may be partially rejected. The authors conclude that theinternal factors debt ratio, quick ratio, and sales growth have a significant influence on theprofitability (measured by return on assets) of digital platforms with two-sided markets in the Nordics.The influence of the internal factor capital turnover ratio on profitability is statistically insignificant.Quick ratio has a positive significant influence on profitability, whereas debt ratio and sales growthhave a negative influence. The authors also conclude that companies which have business modelsallowing them to adopt a subsidy strategy yields stronger profitability than those which adopt otherstrategies. Companies which entice seed & marquee users to their platform as a strategy yields thesecond strongest profitability. Companies which choose a micro market launch strategy yield theweakest profitability. The authors of this study will not draw conclusions on the efficacy of theadoption of a piggybacking strategy on profitability due to the limited number of observationsattributed to the piggybacking dataset.Future studies may expand upon this research with the inclusion of a wider catchment of businesses,as well as the inclusion of a wider data set to include other geographical locations and improvestatistical significance of the data set. An improvement to the study may also be to analyze thecorrelation between the strength of competitors upon market entry and the efficacy of the strategiesadopted.

The new EU regulation, revised payment services directive (PSD2), will change how the retail banking market works today. It will obligate banks, with the consumer’s consent, to provide access to account information and thus open up the market for new actors. This study aims to provide an understanding of the effects PSD2 will have on the retail banking market in Sweden and how the banks will act to cope with the changes it entails. There is a lack of academic articles on PSD2, and the reports that do exist are to the greater extent published by consultants. Hence, this report seeks to bridge that gap by exploring banks from a strategic point of view, taking a starting point in the theory of competitive advantage and open innovation, in order to analyse different banks’ strategies that they are considering when PSD2 is enforced. This will be a cornerstone for understanding the future development of the Swedish retail banking market. To gain in-depth knowledge about the banks’ strategies to cope with PSD2, a case study has been made where 10 semi-structured interviews have been conducted with 10 different banks operating in Sweden - this represents the greater majority of all banks in the Swedish retail banking market. From the empirical findings in this report, it is clear that very few banks consider that only complying to PSD2 is a good strategic alternative. Instead, most banks see greater business opportunities in PSD2 and from this study it is evident that the market is heading towards an open banking approach. However, the path towards open banking differs between banks. All banks will focus on becoming compliant but due to differences in size, capabilities and resources, the banks try to differentiate themselves through different approaches. Some banks will attempt an open banking approach immediately, while others will start by becoming a producer of services and from there decide whether or not to move into open banking. What has been made crystal clear from the analysis of the empirical findings, is that no banks will start off by becoming a distributor of more advanced customer data to third parties. / Den nya EU-regleringen, andra betaltjänstdirektivet (PSD2), kommer att förändra hur bankmarknade fungerar idag. Det kommer att förplikta banker, med konsumentens samtycke, att ge tillgång till kontoinformation och därmed öppna marknaden för nya aktörer. Denna studie syftar till att ge en förståelse för de effekter som PSD2 kommer att ha på bankmarknaden i Sverige och hur bankerna kommer att agera för att klara de förändringar som medförs. Det finns få akademiska artiklar om PSD2, och rapporterna som finns är i större utsträckning publicerad av konsulter. Därför syftar denna rapport till att bidra med en akademisk rapport som utforskar banker från en strategisk synvinkel, med utgångspunkt i teorin om konkurrensfördelar och öppen innovation, för att analysera bankernas strategier för att möta PSD2. Detta  kommer att vara grunden för att få en förståelse av den framtida utvecklingen av den svenska bankmarknaden.  För att få en djupare förståelse av bankernas strategier för att möta PSD2 har en fallstudie gjorts där 10 halvstrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med 10 olika banker som är verksamma i Sverige - det motsvarar större delen av marknadsandelen på den svenska bankmarknaden. Från de empiriska resultaten i denna rapport är det uppenbart att väldigt få banker anser att endast följa PSD2 är ett bra strategiskt alternativ. I stället ser de flesta banker större affärsmöjligheter i PSD2 och från denna studie är det uppenbart att marknaden är på väg mot “open banking”. Vägen mot “open banking” skiljer sig mellan bankerna. Alla banker kommer att fokusera på att bli kompatibla men på grund av skillnader i storlek, kapacitet och resurser försöker bankerna skilja sig genom olika metoder. Vissa banker kommer omedelbart att ta sig an “open banking”, medan andra börjar med att bli en producent av tjänster och därmed bestämma huruvida de ska gå in i “open banking” eller inte. Vad som har tydliggjorts från analysen av de empiriska resultaten är att inga banker kommer att börja med att bli distributör av mer avancerade APIer till tredje parter.

Background: In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the philosophical concept of Open Banking and its practical implementation, often associated with digital platforms. The term ‘Open Banking platforms' has been used to describe the complex intersection between the two concepts of Open Banking and digital platforms, and it sometimes embody a series of challenges and opportunities. Open Banking aims to increase competition, innovation, and interoperability in the financial sector, creating opportunities for new players while challenging established banks to rethink their business models and value propositions. However, few researchers have addressed the question of challenges and opportunities faced by the various stakeholders involved in Open Banking platforms. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate and deepen the understanding of the challenges and opportunities faced by various stakeholders involved in Open Banking platforms. Methodology: In this study, a qualitative methodology with an abductive approach was used, and the study was designed as a case study. The empirical data consists of seven semi-structured interviews conducted in 2023, as well as supplementary data from relevant documents. Thematic analysis and triangulation were employed to analyze the collected data. Conclusion: The complexity of Open Banking platforms becomes apparent during their practical implementation within the financial sector, involving technical, functional, interactional, relational, economic, and regulatory dimensions, as well as various stakeholders. On the one hand, third-party providers see opportunities for innovation. On the other hand, banks face issues with outdated IT infrastructure and threats to their existing business models. Some of the challenges arise due to varying perspectives and technological frames. This study also found that interest organizations play an important role in the design of Open Banking platforms, and regulatory requirements are therefore indirectly influenced by interest organizations. It is however challenging for stakeholders with limited resources to actively participate in the discussions about Open Banking. Additionally, a clearer dialogue and balance between compliance, security, and innovation is needed. Despite the challenges, Open Banking is considered important for the future but requires time to mature.