Cette thèse porte sur les pratiques du droit des étrangers au Maroc. Par l’analyse de divers mécanismes de mobilisation du droit, tels qu’ils se déploient quotidiennement, son objectif est d’observer et de décrire, en contexte, les activités d’acteurs variés impliqués ou confrontés à un droit, des institutions et des procédures visant les étrangers. Ceci passe par une étude de l’activité judiciaire et administrative en la matière. Ceci passe aussi par une clarification de méthodes utilisées par les gens, professionnels ou profanes, dans leurs pratiques quotidiennes, impliquant de fait de prendre en compte les dimensions sociales et politiques du droit, des étrangers en particulier. En adoptant une démarche praxéologique, il s’agit de s’intéresser au droit en action en reconsidérant un ensemble de pratiques, méthodiques et ordonnées, pour en clarifier les modes endogènes de production et d’intelligibilité.Une première partie s’attache à présenter la démarche praxéologique, tout en apportant des éclairages sur un ensemble de phénomènes sociaux et politiques ancrés dans le contexte marocain contemporain. La seconde partie est consacrée à la description et à l’analyse de situations de rencontre de l’étranger avec l’administration et la justice, à partir d’une série d’épisodes permettant d’éclairer le déploiement pratique du droit en contexte. Une troisième partie s’attache aux méthodes de raisonnement, de compréhension, d’interprétation, qui permettent de mieux comprendre le droit des étrangers au Maroc, en accordant une attention particulière à l’analyse des catégorisations et aux jeux d’inférences. L’ensemble des chapitres offre un traitement original de différents processus et mécanismes de la grammaire du droit en action, mettant en exergue les relations qu’entretiennent le droit et la société, ainsi que la dimension intrinsèquement politique du droit des étrangers. / This dissertation deals with the practices surrounding the law regarding foreigners in Morocco. Its aim is to observe and describe, in context, the activities of diverse people who find themselves involved or faced with the law, institutions and procedures related to the presence of foreigners. The intention, however, is to analyze various mechanisms involved in the ordinary mobilization of law. This goes through the study of legal and administrative activities in this domain. The clarification of methods used by people, both professional and lay, in their daily practices includes de facto to take into consideration the social and political dimensions of the law, and in particular that related to foreigners. By adopting a praxiological perspective, the purpose is to deal with law in action and to revisit a set of practices, methodical and structurally organized, in order to better understand the endogenous methods of production and intelligibility of law.The first part seeks to present the praxiological approach while shedding light on several social and political phenomena in the contemporary Moroccan context. The second part is devoted to the description and the analysis of various situations in which people are involved and face administrative and judicial institutions. Through a series of episodes and in an empirically documented manner, it fleshes out the way in which the law practically and contextually operates. A third part focuses on methods of reasoning, of understanding and of interpreting, and in particular the working of categorizations and inferences, which are actively at play in the law regarding foreigners in Morocco.All the chapters provide an original treatment of processes and mechanisms of the grammar of law in action and bring out the relation between law and society, as well as the intrinsically political dimension of the law regarding foreigners.

Ce travail de thèse élabore une approche de l’œuvre d’art comme accomplissement pratique, à partir d’un travail de terrain conduit lors de la préparation d’une exposition dans un centre d’art contemporain. Cette recherche, qui relève de l’analyse conversationnelle et de l’ethnométhodologie, vise ainsi à exploiter les acquis méthodologiques, théoriques et analytiques de ces approches pour la description d’un terrain artistique. Aborder l’œuvre « en pratiques », par l’analyse de situations d’interaction avec et autour des œuvres, permet de poser à nouveaux frais un ensemble de questions ayant trait à la définition de l’objet « œuvre d’art » et à la compréhension des activités artistiques et esthétiques. L’analyse détaillée de micro-activités accomplies par les professionnels de l’art (entrer en interaction dans l’espace d’une œuvre, donner des instructions pendant l’installation d’une œuvre, évaluer l’état d’un accrochage, introduire successivement différentes œuvres pendant une visite guidée) nous permet d’appréhender la constitution de l’œuvre comme un phénomène empirique, observé depuis l’écologie de l’exposition et les interactions entre ses acteurs. La thèse défend ainsi une approche descriptive des pratiques sociales situées qui constituent les œuvres. En cela, ce travail offre l’opportunité de s’interroger d’une part sur les manières dont un travail empirique relevant de la linguistique et de la sociologie peut contribuer à une réflexion esthétique, et d’autre part sur les formes de collaboration interdisciplinaire alors engagées par une recherche qui prend l’art pour domaine d’enquête. / This PhD dissertation develops an approach to artworks defined as practical accomplishments, drawing on fieldwork observation of the preparation of an exhibition in a center for contemporary art. This study draws on the analytical and theoretical findings of conversation analysis and ethnomethodology to investigate artistic and aesthetic activities. Approaching artworks as practical accomplishments, by analyzing interactions with and around artworks, contributes to redefining artworks as well as artistic and aesthetic activities. The detailed analysis of micro-activities accomplished by art professionals (entering the artwork’s space, giving instructions for installing the artwork, assessing the artwork installation, successively introducing different artworks in the course of a guided tour) allows for the description of the artwork’s constitution as an empirical phenomenon, as can be observed in the exhibition’s ecology and through the interactions between its actors. The study advocates a descriptive approach to social and situated practices which produce artworks. It endeavors to offer an empirical contribution, from a linguistic and sociological perspective, to theoretical debates in aesthetics and, incidentally, to expand the study of art as an interdisciplinary field of research.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-03-21T15:30:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilajulioguedespinto.pdf: 806114 bytes, checksum: 5945ef44664b16faa058ec7813d8aa52 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-03-22T11:46:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilajulioguedespinto.pdf: 806114 bytes, checksum: 5945ef44664b16faa058ec7813d8aa52 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-22T11:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 priscilajulioguedespinto.pdf: 806114 bytes, checksum: 5945ef44664b16faa058ec7813d8aa52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-30 / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever algumas práticas sequenciais de negociação, desempenhadas pelo inspetor de polícia nos interrogatórios policiais da Delegacia de Repressão a Crimes Contra a Mulher (DRCCM). Utiliza-se como referencial teóricometodológico a Análise da Conversa de base Etnometodológica para o mapeamento sequencial dessas práticas que são organizadas sequencialmente e construídas localmente nas interações de cinco interrogatórios policiais. Considerando que o inspetor de polícia executa atividades que extrapolam a sua tarefa principal de interrogar as partes, no sentido stricto sensu, como a prática de negociação, a análise parte da verificação de quais práticas sequenciais de negociação são executadas pelo policial, e o que é negociado nesse ambiente. A partir disso, elabora-se um quadro que sintetiza essas práticas que são utilizadas pelo inspetor para a resolução de conflitos e tomadas de decisão. Esse estudo evidencia que tais práticas sequenciais de negociação contribuem para que os policiais reflitam sobre as suas atuações no ambiente da DRCCM, uma vez que não só atuam como investigadores, mas também como terceiras partes (negociadores), tentando resolver os problemas familiares levados pelas partes à DRCCM, e aprimorem as suas habilidades interacionais dentro desse ambiente institucional para melhor atender a população. / This dissertation will attempt to describe sequential practices of negotiation led by the police officer in the police inquiries at an All-Female Police Station. The methodological and theoretical references to map the practices sequentially are based on the Conversation Analysis Ethnomethodology. The sequential practices of negotiation were organized in series and locally built with the interaction of five police inquiries. It will be considered that the police officer performs extra activities besides their major task of inquiring - in strict sensu - as a negotiation practice. The analysis will attempt to validate which sequential practices of negotiation are performed by the police officer, and what is negotiated in the work environment. Based on the aforementioned theories, a synthesis of the practices performed by the police officer to solve conflicts and take decisions will be depicted. This study will show that sequential practices of negotiation may contribute to the police officers' consideration of their own acts in the work environment, once they do not work only as investigators. They receive other functions besides trying to resolve the victim's family's problems, for instance, and also improve their interaction within the All-Female Police Station institutional environment in order to serve the population with more quality.

This licentiate thesis examines mathematical activities in a preschool. More precisely, the aim is to create knowledge of how mathematical activities emerge and are constructed in children's interactions with each other and with their teachers. The empirical material consists of video recordings and field notes collected through participant observations during a six-month period in two preschool units for children 3-5 years old. Theoretically the study is based on an ethnomethodological (EM) and conversation analytic (CA) perspective. Video recordings were analyzed using conversation analytic methods, involving a close and detailed analysis of sources in situated mathematical activities. Through the use of an EM and CA perspective this study contributes with new theoretical and methodological approaches to research on mathematical activities in preschools. In the close analysis of children's actions in interaction, an active child with ideas, interests, and commitment emerges, a child who uses a variety of communicative resources when participating in mathematical activities. Whether it is the children or the teachers who initiate the activity the children are actively involved in the construction of the mathematical content. Geometric shapes and concepts as well as different aspects of children's number sense are a couple of the mathematical topics covered in the study. In the activities the childrens display knowledge of math verbally as well as with their bodies, something that is analyzed by using the concept of epistemic stance. The preschool teachers sometimes used occasions when children display specific knowledge as an educational resource for other children's learning. The study also shows that children as well as their teachers follow each other's initiatives in the activities. This means that children change and enlarge the mathematical content within the activities and that the teachers follow the children's initiative. Through this reciprocity the mathematical content of the activity is maintained.

[pt] Essa pesquisa analisa o processo de participação dos jurados no Tribunal do Júri. Se no campo do direito existe uma escassez de trabalhos empíricos, nas ciências sociais, os estudos negligenciam a dimensão prática do trabalho dos funcionários do tribunal, dando ênfase às sessões de julgamento. Esse texto, portanto, está fundamentalmente preocupado em compreender como o Tribunal do Júri é construído socialmente, por meio das ações comuns e cotidianas das pessoas. A pesquisa de campo consistiu num intenso trabalho de observação participante no Tribunal do Júri de Juiz de Fora/MG e em entrevistas com jurados. Analisando a organização do trabalho cotidiano dos funcionários do tribunal, percebe-se que o papel dos jurados nessas rotinas é marginal, tanto pelas tarefas desempenhadas, quanto pela forma que se expressam ao longo dos procedimentos do júri. Essas rotinas – dentre as quais se inserem os mecanismos de seleção dos jurados e de votação dos quesitos – são construídas para fazer a instituição funcionar. Entretanto, como as pessoas não estão interessadas em participar, os funcionários têm de empreender esforços ao selecionar os jurados, buscando fazer o júri acontecer. Nesse cenário, surgem os jurados experientes, que ganham a predileção do juiz por se colocarem à disposição do tribunal, mas que se relacionam muito pouco com a noção de participação popular na justiça, já que utilizam estratégias de legitimação e de construção de identidade, como a criação de uma associação própria. / [en] This research examines the participation of jurors in the jury. Whether in the legal research field empirical research is neglected, in the social sciences the studies disregard the practical aspect of court staff s work, emphasizing the trial sessions. This text, therefore, is mainly concerned in understanding how the jury is socially constructed, through the people s ordinary actions. The fieldwork consisted of participant observation in the jury of Juiz de Fora / MG and interviews with jurors. Through the analysis of the organization of court staff s daily work, it is clear that jurors role in these routines is secondary, both the tasks performed, and the way they express themselves throughout jury s procedures. These routines - among which are included mechanisms for selecting jurors and voting the items - are built to make the institution work. However, as people are not interested in participating, court staff must make efforts to select jurors, trying to make the jury actually happen. In this scenario, there are experienced jurors, who have a predilection of the judge because they place themselves at the disposal of the court. Nonetheless, they have little to do with popular participation in justice, as they use strategies of legitimation and identity formation, like creating a jurors association.

[pt] O entendimento da condução de iniciativas comerciais de pequeno porte foi a motivação desta pesquisa realizada na Feira de São Cristóvão, um Centro Municipal de Tradições Nordestinas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro - Brasil, cuja formação é reflexo de aspectos sociais, econômicos, culturais e políticos que compõem a cidade e o país. A atitude de pesquisa escolhida foi a Etnometodologia. Esta, aliada à Análise da Conversa, permitiu que os dados fossem obtidos a partir dos ambientes e das interações entre as pessoas em seu dia a dia, de forma naturalista, localmente situada. O estabelecimento da Feira a partir do qual o estudo foi desenvolvido foi a Loja do China, de onde foram feitas as categorias de análise desenvolvidas nesta investigação. A investigação permitiu compreender que a competição interna e a desigualdade entre estabelecimentos são características marcantes na Feira. O estudo evidenciou ainda que o trabalho cotidiano do comerciante China, e que pode encontrar paralelo em outros comerciantes, envolve a ênfase na presença física, o esforço constante para substituir clientes, providências para não depender exclusivamente da estrutura coletiva, poucas relações de amizade e relações de colaboração fundamentais para a manutenção do negócio, além de vários momentos marcados por sociabilidade. As situações analisadas refletem ainda características da sociedade brasileira referentes à valorização hierárquica e à existência de questões de gênero no trato entre homens e mulheres. / [en] The understanding of the management of small business was the motivation to this research developed at São Cristóvão Fair, a Municipal Centre of Northeastern Traditions placed at Rio de Janeiro city, in Brazil, whose formation reflects the social, economic, cultural and political aspects that make up the city and also the country. The research attitude chosen was Ethnomethodology. This, combined with Conversation Analysis, permitted the data be obtained from the environments and the people daily interactions, in a naturalistic way, locally situated. The commercial unit of the Fair from which the study was developed was the China Store, place where were made video recordings, photos, talks, and observations that originated the analysis categories developed in this investigation, related to other spaces of the Fair when relevant. The investigation let to comprehend that internal competition and inequality among enterprises are strong characteristics of the Fair. The study still evidenced that the daily job of a trader responsible for micro and small businesses in this environment, like China, includes the emphasis on physical presence, the constant effort to replace customers, take measures to be independent in some measure from collective structure, few friendship relations and fundamental collaborative relations, besides many moments of sociability. The analysed situations still reflects characteristics of Brazilian society related to hierarchical valuation and the existence of gender issues in dealing between men and women too.

L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre de quelle manière le juge décide de la culpabilité de l’accusé, notamment dans les affaires de vol et de trafic de stupéfiants. En s’appuyant sur le programme ethnométhodologique et sur une enquête ethnographique, la recherche se penche sur l’ensemble de pratiques et raisonnements présents dans l’activité décisionnelle des juges, afin de rendre visibles les savoirs d’action mobilisés pour décider de la culpabilité. La thèse montre que la prise de décision est fortement marquée par la présomption de culpabilité qui découle d’un processus de catégorisation des justiciables en tant que « voleurs » et « trafiquants ». Ces catégories typiques sont associées à l’image de l’ennemi, c’est-à-dire, l’individu insoumis et incapable d’un modus vivendi commun (Jakobs, 2009). Prenant appui sur les analyses empiriques réalisées, l’étude fait une analogie entre la figure de l’ennemi et le concept d’homo sacer (Agamben, 1997; 2002) en proposant finalement que le verdict de culpabilité se construit à l’intérieur d’un « camp » - c’est-à-dire, un lieu de suspension de l’ordre juridique (Agamben, 1997) – qui se structure, paradoxalement, au sein même de la justice pénale. Mots-clés: sentencing ; vol ; trafic de stupéfiants ; verdict de culpabilité ; Brésil / This ethnographic study of the judicial practices in Brazil investigates how criminal judges decide the guilt of the accused. The research shows that this decision is strongly influenced by the presumption of guilt arising from a process of categorization of individuals as "thieves" and "drug traffickers". These categories are associated with the typical image of the enemy, that is to say, the individual unruly and incapable of common modus vivendi (Jakobs, 2009). Building on empirical data, the study makes an analogy between the enemy and the concept of homo sacer (Agamben, 1997, 2002), suggesting that the verdict of guilt builts inside a "camp", i.e, a place of suspension of the juridical order (Agamben, 1997).

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

This study investigates foreign language classroom talk and micro-level language policy-in-process from an ethnomethodological conversation analytic perspective. The study is based on 20 hours of video recordings from 20 lessons in an English as a Foreign Language classroom (EFL) in grades 8 and 9 of an international compulsory school in Sweden between the years 2007 and 2010. The main purpose of the study is to shed light on some of the distinguishing features of how a target-language-only policy is materialised in situ in a foreign language classroom. The study demonstrates the relative ease with which teachers and pupils uphold a strict language policy in the classroom, but also the considerable interactional work that is done, by both teachers and pupils, in cases where upholding the policy becomes problematic. An interactional phenomenon which arises in such cases is language policing, where the teacher or pupils restore the policy-prescribed linguistic order. Such sequences are analysed in detail. The study increases our understanding of how language policy is lived out in practice, through interaction in the classroom. / I denna studie undersöks klassrumsinteraktionen i undervisning i främmande språk och språkpolitisk praktik på mikronivå i ett etnometodologiskt och samtalsanalytiskt perspektiv. Studien bygger på 20 timmars videoinspelningar av 20 lektioner i engelska i årskurs 8 och 9 i en internationell grundskola i Sverige. Inspelningarna utfördes mellan 2007 och 2010. Studiens huvudsyfte är att belysa några särdrag i hur en målspråksexklusiv språkpolitik materialiseras in situ i undervisning i främmande språk. Studien påvisar att en sådan språkpolitik är förhållandevis enkel att upprätthålla i den dagliga interaktionen men den dokumenterar också det betydande interaktionella arbete som utförs, av både lärare och elever, i problematiska fall där språkpolitiken äventyras. Ett interaktionellt fenomen som uppträder i sådana fall är language policing, interaktiva sekvenser där lärare eller elever återupprättar den språkpolitiska ordningen. Sådana sekvenser analyseras i detalj. Denna studie bidrar till att öka vår förståelse av hur språkpolitik görs i praktiken, i den dagliga interaktionen i klassrummet.

Knowledge Management Systems are deployed in organisations of all sizes to support the coordination and control of a range of intellectual assets, and the low cost infrastructures made available by the shift to ‘cloud computing’ looks to only increase the speed and pervasiveness of this move. However, their implementation has not been without its problems, and the development of novel interventions capable of supporting the mundane work of everyday organisational settings has ultimately been limited. A common source of trouble for those formulating such systems is said to be that some proportion of the knowledge held by a setting’s members is hidden from the undirected view of both The Organisation and its analysts - typically characterised as a tacit knowledge - and can therefore go unnoticed during the design and deployment of new technologies. Notwithstanding its utility, overuse of this characterisation has resulted in the inappropriate labelling of a disparate assortment of phenomena, some of which might be more appropriately re-specified as ‘hidden knowledges’: a standpoint which seeks to acknowledge their unspoken character without making any unwarranted claims regarding their cognitive status. Approaches which focus on the situated and contingent properties of the actual work carried out by a setting’s members - such as ethnomethodologically informed ethnography - have shown significant promise as a mechanism for transforming the role played by members’ practices into an explicit topic of study. Specifically they have proven particularly adept at noticing those aspects of members’ work that might ordinarily be hidden from an undirected view, such as the methodic procedures through which we can sometimes mean more than we can say in-just-so-many-words. Here - within the context of gathering the requirements for new Knowledge Management Systems to support the reuse of existing knowledge - the findings from the application of just such an approach are presented in the form of a Pattern Language for Knowledge Management Systems: a descriptive device that lends itself to articulating the role that such hidden knowledges are playing in everyday work settings. By combining these three facets, this work shows that it is possible to take a more meaningful approach towards noticing those knowledges which might ordinarily be hidden from view, and apply our new understanding of them to the design of Knowledge Management Systems that actively engage with the knowledgeable work of a setting’s members.