Dissertation describes managemenet and organisation of football club depending on organization size. It analyzes individual aspects of management and organisation of sports organizations concerning football clubs. For example, evaluation of level of management and organisation of sports organization, current approaches to management of organisation and football clubs financing. Dissertation practise shows pieces of knowledge of management and organisation of football clubs and recognizes specifics of organisation in football clubs of different size. Large and small clubs are represented by FC Vysocina Jihlava, Slavoj TKZ Polna a and TJ Jiskra Dobronin.

The thesis Valuation Methods of Athletes in Czech Republic and Slovakia in its theoretical part deals with gathering and reviewing published approaches to the valuation of athletes in various sports. Practical part is based on the Czech and Slovak football clubs questionnaire survey. The main goal was to find out if there are any identifiable determinants of players transfer value. If so, objective was to find out the differences between influences of these determinants. For it was found out that these determinants exist, it was investigated if they are similarly perceived by various groups of clubs. Other research questions were focused on some statements published in the Czech Republic - namely that the most used approach to value the football player are market-based methods (using comparison) and/or income based methods. Further verificated statement was that valuation servers are an important tool of valuation of athletes. Clubs were also asked how significant they perceive the element of cost-based method.

Corporate Social Responsibility has experienced an increase in attention within the academic literature in recent decades. CSR can be more specifically described as organizations' responsibility in regard to their societal impact. In 2017, Sweden introduced a new legal requirement in ÅRL based on EU directives that entailed stricter guidelines for sustainability reporting. The organizations' responsibility towards stakeholders has become an increasingly vital topic of discussion and the stakeholders' actions can consequently affect the successfulness of organizations. It is therefore necessary to tailor the communication of the CSR initiatives to the specific needs of stakeholder groups. An organization's transparency can pave the way for a favourable impact on the brand and improve the organizations' reputation and legitimacy. In order to gain a deeper insight into the motives behind organizations' CSR work, this study has examined three Scandinavian elite football clubs to clarify why they work with and communicate their CSR initiatives, as these organizations are not covered by the above-mentioned legal requirement. There is a need to apply the latest research at an international level to identify any restrictions or differences that may be beneficial for further research. The study has been carried out with the help of a theoretical framework, consisting of theories such as; Triple Bottom Line, The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility, Legitimacy Theory and Stakeholder Theory. The study was conducted using a qualitative research format with an abductive research approach wherein empirical data was collected through semi-structured interviews and content analysis of digital platforms and reports. The study shows that CSR work within elite football clubs originally emerged as a trend. Genuine intentions to give back to society have developed, but CSR work has also been identified as an effective tool for creating legitimacy. The maintenance of the 'social contract' is in the spotlight and following societal expectations is especially important for elite football clubs. Satisfying stakeholders thus becomes vital and the study has clarified that there is a balance between genuine intentions and legitimacy. / Corporate Social Responsibility har under de senaste decennierna uppmärksammats allt mer inom den akademiska litteraturen. CSR kan mer specifikt beskrivas som organisationers ansvar för deras samhällspåverkan. I Sverige, år 2017, infördes ett nytt lagkrav i ÅRL baserat på EU-direktiv som medförde striktare riktlinjer för hållbarhetsrapportering. Organisationernas ansvar gentemot intressenter har blivit en allt viktigare diskussionsfråga och intressenternas handlingar kan i följd påverka organisationernas framgång. Att skräddarsy kommunikationen av sina CSR-initiativ till intressentgruppers specifika behov blir därav nödvändigt. En organisations transparens kan ge väg för en gynnsam påverkan på varumärket och förbättra organisationers rykte och legitimitet. Med syfte att få en djupare insikt kring motiven bakom organisationers CSR-arbete har denna studie undersökt tre skandinaviska elitfotfollsföreningar för att klargöra varför de arbetar med och kommunicerar ut sina CSR-initiativ, då dessa inte omfattas av ovannämnt lagkrav. Det finns ett behov att applicera den senaste forskningen på en internationell nivå för att fastställa eventuella inskränkningar eller skillnader som kan vara gynnsamma för vidare forskning. Undersökningen har genomförts med hjälp av ett teoretiskt ramverk, bestående av teorier som; Triple Bottom Line, The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility, Legitimitetsteori och Intressentteori. Studien är kvalitativt inriktad med en abduktiv forskningsansats där empiri samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer och innehållsanalys av digitala plattformar och rapporter. Studien visar på att CSR-arbete inom elitfotbollsföreningar grundläggande växt fram som en trend. Genuina intentioner om att ge tillbaka till samhället har utvecklats men CSR-arbetet har även identifierats som ett effektivt verktyg för legitimitetsskapande. Upprätthållandet av det ’sociala kontraktet’ ligger i fokus och att följa samhällsförväntningar blir särskilt viktigt för elitfotbollsföreningar. Att tillfredsställa intressenter blir därmed vitalt och studien har klargjort att det finns en balans mellan genuina intentioner och legitimitetsskapande.

[pt] O futebol ostenta o título de esporte mais popular e amplamente praticado em todo o mundo. O Brasil, que se destaca como o país com o maior número de vitórias em Copas do Mundo de Futebol e um dos maiores, senão o maior, criador de talentos futebolísticos no mundo, mantém uma conexão profunda e inegável com o esporte, tornando-o uma parte intrínseca da cultura brasileira. Esse esporte, há poucos anos, atingiu no Brasil o status de mercado financeiro multibilionário, especialmente quando o Brasil conquistou o direito de sediar a Copa do Mundo de 2014, pois isso abriu os olhos dos investidores interessados nesse mercado. Ciente desse potencial econômico, o presente estudo foi um instrumento adicional para uma melhor compreensão das particularidades existentes na governança dos clubes de futebol no Brasil. A análise dos diferentes clubes demonstrou que é possível dividi-los em grupos, que comprovam a existência de uma correlação entre a governança corporativa e a saúde financeira dos clubes. Ficou evidente que quanto melhor a governança de um clube, melhores são os resultados financeiros, pois através de uma gestão eficiente conseguem diversificar as fontes de receita e otimizar despesas. Por outro, clubes com má governança, acumulam dívidas e muita dificuldade em obterem bons resultados financeiros, pois, por mais que tenham bons faturamentos, acabam, geralmente, gastando mais do que faturam. Por conta disto, a adoção de práticas de governança corporativa nos clubes de futebol brasileiro é fundamental para garantir a preservação e o desenvolvimento não apenas do clube, mas do futebol brasileiro como um todo. / [en] The Football is the most popular sport in the world. Brazil, the biggest winner of the Football World Cups and one of the biggest (if not the biggest) player pool on the planet, has a strong connection with sport, which ends up making sports practice part of the people s culture. This sport, a few years ago, reached the status of a multibillion-dollar financial market in Brazil, especially when Brazil won the right to host the 2014 World Cup, as this opened the eyes of investors interested in this market. Aware of this economic potential, the present study was an additional instrument for a better understanding of the particularities existing in the governance of football clubs in Brazil. The analysis of the different clubs showed that it is possible to divide them into groups, which prove the existence of a correlation between corporate governance and financial health. It was evident that the better the governance of a club, the better the financial results, because through efficient management they manage to diversify the sources of income and optimize expenses. On the other hand, clubs with poor governance, accumulate debts and find it very difficult to obtain good financial results, because, even though they have good revenues, they end up, as a rule, spending more than they earn. Because of this, the adoption of corporate governance practices in Brazilian football clubs is essential to ensure the preservation and development not only of the club, but of Brazilian football.

This study examines the relationship between financial conditions and on-field success among 36 prominent European football clubs from 2010 to 2017. The research employs panel regression analysis to explore how clubs’ financial indicators such as wage costs, increasing revenues, debt-equity ratios, and return on assets correlate with their sporting performance. The findings suggest a substantial association between these financial factors and the clubs’ achievements. In particular, the results emphasize the importance of wage costs and increasingrevenues in boosting a club’s capacity to invest in high-quality players, thereby improving sporting outcomes. The presence of a top globally ranked player also has a significant impacton a club’s performance. These findings carry important policy implications for club management and governing bodies, particularly in revising wage regulations and promoting vigilant financial management for sustainable growth and competitiveness.

Bakgrund: Fotbollssupportrarna i Stockholm är kända för sin entusiasm, sitt engagemang och den emotionella anknytningen de har till sina klubbar.  Syfte: Studien syftar till att med utgångspunkt ur den kärlek och lojalitet som fotbollssupportrarna till AIK, Djurgården och Hammarby har, undersöka vilka faktorer som motiverar dem till att köpa säsongskort till lagens hemmamatcher i Allsvenskan. Baserat på teorierna Relationsmarknadsföring, The Commitment-Trust theory, Maslows Behovshierarki, social identitetsteori och konsumentlojalitet skapas ett fundament som ger möjlighet till olika synsätt och infallsvinklar för att undersöka de faktorer som motiverar ett köp av säsongskort.  Metod: Med utgångspunkt ur tidigare teorier har metodtriangulering genomförts i studien som är av tvärsnittsdesign. En semistrukturerad intervjuguide har tagits fram som legat till grund för studiens kvalitativa undersökning. En representant från vardera av de tre klubbarna intervjuades och spelades in. Genom att transkribera och koda intervjuerna kunde därigenom svaren härledas och kopplas ihop med teorierna. Med en fortsatt utgångspunkt ur teorierna utformades en enkät med stöd  ur svaren från intervjuerna där studien kompletterades med en kvantitativ del för att kunna ge en mer generaliserad bild av vad som motiverar fotbollssupportrar till säsongskortsköp.  Slutsats: Studien visar att känslan av samhörighet och tillhörighet är avgörande faktorer för säsongskortsköp. Fotbollssupportrar som känner en stark tillhörighet och kan identifiera sig med fotbollsklubben köper säsongskort för att de är en så stor del av deras liv och denna lojalitet får dem att till och med stötta klubben endast för stöttandet skull utan någon större egen vinning såsom att få gå på match. / Background: Football fans in Stockholm are famous for their enthusiasm, commitment and the emotional attachment they have to their clubs.  Purpose: The study aims to investigate what factors that motivate fans to buy season tickets to the clubs home games in Allsvenskan, the top division of Swedish football. With a starting point from Relationship marketing, The Commitment-Trust theory, Maslow's Hierarchy of needs, Social identity Theory and Consumer loyalty a basis is founded for studying the motivating factors from different angles of approaches. By analyzing the theories and their view of the motivating factors towards buying season tickets, the goal is to reach an understanding of what motivates a purchase.  Method: With a starting point from previous theories the method used in the study is method triangulation. By one semi-structured interview guide which has been the basis for the qualitative investigation, a season ticket holder from each one of the three investigated football clubs has been interviewed. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. By coding the interviews they were analyzed and compared with the theories. Therefore a quantitative survey was handed out to give a more general picture of what factors that motivate football fans to purchase season tickets.  Conclusion: The study shows that the sense of affinity and belonging are determining factors towards a purchase of a season ticket. If football fans do feel a strong sense of belonging and can identify with the club they tend to be more likely to buy season tickets since it's such a big part of their lives and this loyalty tends to make them support the club just to support it without any significant gain like for example attending a match.

(English) This disetation describes progress of football as a sport in the first half of the 20th century, including his position in society during both World Wars Keywords: football competition, number of fans and their culture, football in World Wars, women football, football clubs, organisation of football, football and the media

Thesis title: Social Networks as an Essential Part of the Gambrinus league's Marketing Communication Objective Main objective of this thesis is creation of marketing manual on various social networks intended for marketing communication of the Gambrinus league. It is supposed to provide flexibly applicable tool representing communication manual for clubs of primary football league in the Czech Republic. As partial objectives of this work are stipulated analysis and assessment of individual clubs' official Facebook profiles and their development. Further objectives are identification and compilation of overview representing other platforms of social networks and its evaluation considering their potential benefits for marketing communication of the Gambrinus league. Methodology Qualitative and quantitative methods of marketing research were used for the purposes of presented thesis. Qualitative methods comprehend expert dialogue, case study and observation. As qualitative research methods were applied statistical data analysis and development study. Results The communication manual for the Gambrinus league on social networks was completed and in detail described in separate chapter of this dissertation. It is for the most part based on solutions which were presented in the analytical part of this...

Pendant le 20e siècle, la relation entre médias et organisations sportives ont été symbiotiques. Les ressources obtenues grâce à la vente des droits de diffusion télévisée, la communication et les médias exercent une grande influence sur le succès global du football. C’est une relation de tensions et de coopération entre média et organisations sportives, et aussi les frontières sont floues entre les deux champs. Dans ce travail, nous souhaitons comprendre de quelle sorte les médias influencent les organisations sportives, plus précisément comment les clubs de football deviennent des espaces de production d’informations. Plus récemment, les organisations sportives ont investi dans le secteur de la communication, soit à travers le recrutement des communicants et d’autre professionnels de l’information, soit par la création de canaux de communications propres. Nous avons sélectionné, comme objets d’étude, les médias de trois organisations sportives : la webtélé du Paris Saint-Germain (France), le site web du Botafogo (Brésil) et la chaîne télé du Benfica (Portugal). Le travail empirique est constitué d’entretiens ethnographiques avec des professionnels de l’information et des communicants des clubs de football analysés. Suite à ces entretiens, nous avons l’objectif de répondre à trois questions sur la création des médias de club : quelle est sa motivation ; comment fonctionnent-ils ; et qui sont les responsables pour sa mise en place. Le choix de ces clubs offre l’opportunité d’une étude comparative et l’évaluation de différents marchés avec de degrés inégaux de modernisations, en permettant l’identification des proximités et des divergences, associées aux contextes respectifs, ce qui rend possible une tentative de généralisation sur les médias de club et leurs conséquences pour le journalisme sportif et pour la relation entre sport et médias. / During the 20th century, the relationship between Media and Sport were very fertile. The revenues generated by the sale of broadcast rights, the Communication and the Media have a great influence over the global success of football. Media and sports organizations have a relationship based on tensions and cooperation and also very fluid boundaries between them. In this present work, we want to understand how media influence sports organizations, more precisely, how football clubs become a space of content and information production. Recently, sports organizations have invested on media and communication departments, either by hiring public relations and media professionals or by creating their own corporate means of communication. We have selected as research objects, the media of three sports organizations: the WebTV of Paris Saint-Germain (France), the website of Botafogo (Brazil) and the subscription TV channel of Benfica (Portugal). Our empirical work was based on ethnographic interviews with the media and communication staff at these football clubs. Based on our interviews, we aim to answer three questions about the creation of these club owned media: why they were created; how they are structured; and who is responsible for their implementation. The choice of these three clubs allowed a comparative study and the analysis of different markets and realities with diverse levels of modernization, that together with each local social context made possible an attempt to offer a generalization about club owned media and the consequences for sports journalism and the relationship between sport and media.

Under de senaste åren har psykisk ohälsa fått ökad uppmärksamhet i samhället, men också inom elitidrottens värld. I svensk media pågår det en växande trend av att fler elitfotbollsspelare offentligt talar ut om sin psykiska ohälsa. Detta trots att elitfotbollen är stigmatiserat från ämnet och elitfotbollsspelare har haft svårt att söka hjälp för sin psykiska ohälsa. Till anledning av det finns det ett ökat behov av att undersöka hur miljön ser ut hos elitföreningar, samt vilka stödinsatser elitföreningar arbetar med för att främja den psykiska hälsan hos elitfotbollsspelare. Studien har baserats på en kvalitativ metod till de sex intervjuer som genomfördes med elitfotbollsspelare som tidigare offentligt har berättat om sin psykiska ohälsa. Via våra intervjuer har vi fått ta del av elitfotbollsspelares upplevelser och erfarenheter kring elitföreningarnas arbete gällande detta område. Med hjälp av teoretiska perspektiv har vi bundit detta till det resultat vi kom fram till. / In recent years, mental illness has received increased attention in society, but also in the world of elite sports. In the Swedish media, there is a growing trend of more elite football players publicly speaking out about their mental illness. This is despite the fact that elite football is stigmatized from the subject and elite football players have had difficulty seeking help for their mental illness. Due to this, there is an increased need to investigate what the environment looks like at elite clubs, and especially what kind of support elite clubs work with to promote the mental health of elite footballers. This study has been based on a qualitative method for the six interviews that were conducted with elite football players who have previously publicly told about their mental illness in the media. Through our interviews, we have been able to take part of the experiences of elite footballers regarding the elite clubs' work in this area. With help from theoretical perspectives, we have tied the theories to the result of our study.