Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-01-10T11:31:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Paiva Gouveia.pdf: 1241231 bytes, checksum: adae7583265cee12166cf1d394dab2f2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-10T11:31:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Paiva Gouveia.pdf: 1241231 bytes, checksum: adae7583265cee12166cf1d394dab2f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-14 / An evolution of procedural law was necessary to adapt to the new needs of the contemporary world in order to ensure the effective protection of interests that go beyond the limits of interindividual relations. In the Brazilian scenario, showing concern about the increasing mass conflicts, the importance of collective tutelage was verified and a collective process microsystem was created, contributing in a significant way to the consecration of Brazilian collective procedural law. There are three essential characteristics of collective actions: the defense of collective rights (lato sensu); A system of differentiated legitimacy; And a special scheme of res judicata. The New Code of Civil Procedure (NCPC) has chosen to increase the techniques of multi-individual tutelage over collective guardianship. The legislator's option was to develop techniques for collective resolution of repetitive demands, through judgments made in the so-called sample judgments, perfecting the discipline of the already existing special and extraordinary repetitive resources and creating the incident of resolution of repetitive demands. These mechanisms for judging repetitive demands are criticized for showing greater concern about reducing the number of cases, regardless of the quality of judicial decisions and ensuring access to justice, which can pose serious risks to the civil procedural system Brazilian / Foi necessária uma evolução do direito processual para adaptar-se às novas necessidades do mundo contemporâneo, a fim de assegurar a tutela efetiva de interesses que extrapolam os limites das relações interindividuais. No cenário brasileiro, demonstrando preocupação com os crescentes conflitos de massa, verificou-se a importância da tutela coletiva e criou-se um microssistema processual coletivo, contribuindo de forma significativa para a consagração do direito processual coletivo brasileiro. São três as características essências das ações coletivas: a defesa de direito coletivo (lato sensu); um sistema de legitimidade diferenciado; e um regime especial da coisa julgada. O Novo Código de Processo Civil (NCPC) optou pelo incremento das técnicas de tutela pluri-individual em detrimento das de tutela coletiva. A opção do legislador foi de desenvolver técnicas de resolução coletiva de demandas repetitivas, por meio de decisões proferidas nos denominados julgamentos por amostragem, aperfeiçoando a disciplina dos já existentes recursos especial e extraordinário repetitivos e criando o incidente de resolução de demandas repetitivas. Esses mecanismos de julgamento de demandas repetitivas, são alvo de críticas por demonstrarem maior preocupação com a redução do número de processos, independentemente da qualidade das decisões judiciais e da efetivação da garantia de acesso à justiça, o que pode trazer graves riscos ao sistema processual civil brasileiro

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RODRIGO SENZI RIBEIRO DE MENDONCA.pdf: 890271 bytes, checksum: 4f8463f787e6831d46a4336a0faf7fee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-05 / The present work has as main objective to analyze the procedural system accusatory, consecrated for the Brazilian Federal Constitution, and to identify its deviation in the procedural legislation in order to protect the equitable criminal proceeding, component of the Democratic State of Right. The considered model develops from the distinction between inherent functions to the criminal persecution inquiry, accusation and judgment proposing, as imperative for preservation of the equitable in the way that the criminal jurisdiction contemplates the interests of the parts, the attribution of each one of them to distinct agencies, considering indispensable the communication and interaction between them, but forbidden the direct interference of one in the activities conferred to any of the others. Through this proposal, formulated by analysis of the Brazilian constitutional text, it searched identification of the devices of the criminal legislation procedural that authorize the direct interference, proposing however the rereading, however the not reception, of them stipulation in face of the accusatory procedural system foreseen by the Federal Constitution. We also examine the trend current to extend public prosecution service attributions, responsible agency for the accusation, also for the criminal inquiry, concluding, first for the impossibility of this magnifying in face of constitutional text and also for its inappropriate in order to preserve the structure of equitable criminal proceeding. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar o sistema processual de cunho acusatório, consagrado pela Constituição Federal brasileira, e identificar os seus desvirtuamentos presentes na legislação processual de modo a resguardar o processo penal eqüitativo, componente do Estado Democrático de Direito. O modelo proposto se desenvolve a partir da distinção entre funções inerentes à persecução penal investigação, acusação e julgamento pregando, como imperativo para preservação da eqüitatividade do modo de como a jurisdição penal contempla os interesses das partes, a atribuição de cada uma delas a órgãos distintos, sendo indispensável a comunicação e interação entre eles, mas vedada a interferência direta de um nas atividades conferidas a qualquer dos outros. Através dessa proposta, formulada mediante análise do texto constitucional, buscou-se a identificação dos dispositivos da legislação processual penal que autorizam a referida interferência direta, pregando ora a releitura, ora a não recepção, do que neles vem estipulado em face do sistema processual acusatório previsto pela Constituição Federal. Examinamos também a tendência atual de ampliar os poderes do Ministério Público, órgão responsável pela acusação, também para o campo da investigação criminal, concluindo, primeiro pela impossibilidade dessa ampliação em face do texto constitucional e, num segundo momento, pela sua inadequação de modo a preservar a estrutura do processo penal eqüitativo.

Les informations négatives sur les produits et les entreprises auxquelles les consommateurs ont accès ne sont pas toujours fiables et claires. Cette thèse étudie comment l'orientation régulatrice des consommateurs influe sur leur réaction par rapport aux informations négatives comme une fonction de l'ambiguïté des informations. Nous suggérons que lorsque les informations négatives sont ambigües, les consommateurs avec une orientation prévention, par rapport à ceux avec une orientation promotion, seront beaucoup plus influencés par les informations et susceptibles de changer en conséquence vers le bas leur attitude envers la marque. En revanche, lorsque les informations négatives sont claires, à la fois les consommateurs orientés promotion et ceux orientés prévention seront très influencés et susceptibles de revoir leur attitude à la baisse par rapport à la marque en question. De plus, nous alléguons que la diagnosticité perçue des informations exerce un rôle médiateur sur les effets proposés. Plus particulièrement, en présence des informations négatives ambiguës, l'orientation prévention (par rapport à l'orientation promotion) a tendance à amplifier la diagnosticité perçue des informations qui, en retour, accentue les effets que les informations négatives auront sur la révision de l'attitude. Quatre études expérimentales ont testé et confirmé ces hypothèses à travers trois scénarios ambigus différents : (1) quand les informations négatives proviennent d'une source dont la crédibilité est incertaine (étude 1), (2) quand la raison pour laquelle un produit défectueux est ambiguë (étude 2) et (3) quand les évaluations de produit sont très contradictoires (études 3a et 3b). / Negative information about products or companies that consumers encounter in the marketplace is not always certain and clear-cut. This dissertation explores how consumers' regulatory focus orientation affects their response to negative information as a function of information ambiguity. We propose that under the situations where ambiguity is present in the negative information, prevention-focused compared to promotion-focused consumers will be more strongly persuaded and exhibit a large downward revision of their attitude toward the brand. In contrast, under the situations where the negative information is unambiguous, both promotion and prevention-focused consumers will be strongly persuaded and revise accordingly their attitude toward the brand. Moreover, we argue that perceived diagnosticity of the information mediates the proposed effect. Specifically, in the presence of ambiguity in negative information, a prevention focus (vs. a promotion focus) leads to an inflated perceived information diagnosticity, which, in turn, accentuates the impact of negative information on judgment revision. Four experimental studies tested and confirmed these propositions in three different ambiguous scenarios: (1) when negative product information comes from a source with uncertain credibility(Study 1); (2) when the cause of a reported product failure is ambiguous(Study2), and (3) when product reviews are highly conflicting (Study 3a and Study 3b).

La première étude porte sur les conditions de l’acceptabilité des politiques de l’Etat face aux drogues: 225 sujets tout-venant ont jugé du degré d’acceptabilité dans 28 scénarios issus de la combinaison de trois facteurs: campagnes d’information, demande intérieure en drogue, action de l’État (du laissez-faire à l’interdiction). La seconde étude porte sur les conditions de la responsabilité de l’État dans le cas d’un décès lié à la consommation de substance: 234 sujets ont jugé du degré de responsabilité dans 80 scénarios issus de la combinaison de cinq facteurs: relation consommation/maladie, temps depuis lequel la nocivité est connue, généralité du risque, consommation, action de l’État (du monopole à l’interdiction des ventes). Nos études s’appuient sur une méthode issue de la théorie fonctionnelle de la cognition (Anderson, 1981). La première étude permet d’identifier trois clusters: les régulationnistes (42%), en faveur d’une réglementation totale par l’État, les radicaux (32%), pour qui aucune des politiques n’est acceptable, les prohibitionnistes (26%), en faveur d’une interdiction totale à condition que des campagnes soient menées. La politique du laissez-faire est jugée par tous comme étant la plus inacceptable. La seconde étude fait apparaître trois clusters: un plus au centre (44%), un plus à gauche (38%), un plus à droite (17%). Celui de droite a tendance à attribuer moins de responsabilité à l’État et est plus sensible aux preuves scientifiques. Un consensus montre que l’État se dégage de toute responsabilité seulement s’il interdit totalement les ventes. Dans les autres cas, l'État est perçu comme partiellement responsable quand la santé d'un consommateur se détériore. / Our first study relates to the conditions of perceived acceptability of State policies regarding drugs: 225 randomly selected subjects judged the degree of State policy acceptability in 28 scenarios derived from the combination of three factors: information campaigns, interior drug demand, State policy (from laisser-faire to prohibition). Our second study relates to the conditions of perceived State responsibility when a death linked to substance consumption occurred: 234 subjects judged the degree of State responsibility in 80 scenarios derived from the combination of five factors: relationship between consumption/disease, amount of time since the substance toxicity is known, risk generality, consumption, State action (from State monopoly to sale interdiction). Our studies rely on a method derived from the functional theory of cognition (Anderson, 1981). The first study identifies three clusters: the regulationists (42%), who favor total regulation by the State, the radicals (32%), for who none of the policies are acceptable, and the prohibitionists (26%), who favor a total interdiction with the condition of information campaigns. The policy of the laissez faire is judged by all groups as being the most inacceptable. In the second study, three clusters are separated: centrist-dominated (44%), leftist-dominated (38%) and rightist-dominated (17%). The rightists tend to attribute less responsibility to the state and are less sensitive to scientific evidences than the leftists. A consensus between groups is that the State is freed from responsibility when sales are totally forbidden. In other cases, the State is perceived as partially responsible when a consumer’s health deteriorates.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 josivazdelimapaschoal_dissert.pdf: 1330092 bytes, checksum: d120bcabf80ff477cd1a550207e2b2b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-09 / Introduction: The increasing complexity of nursing work demands fast and accurate decision-making skills about patients care needs. Assessment is one of the tools professional use to identify these needs and guides care actions. Aims: This descriptive and exploratory study aimed to: 1. analyze agreement and disagreement between assessments made through clinical reasoning and application of a patient classification instrument and, 2. investigate the association between the agreement and the professionals personal (age) and professional characteristics (function, professional experience and time on the job, professional and academic qualification, working at an Intensive Care Unit or another hospitalization unit). Method: 105 adult patients were investigated, hospitalized at a teaching hospital in the interior of São Paulo State between May and January 2011). Each patient was assessed by three nurses active at six hospitalization units or not and using a classification instrument or not. To verify the inter-rater agreement level, weighted kappa statistics were used 95% CI and, to investigate the association between agreement and personal characteristics, the Bootstrap method. Results: Inter-rater agreement indicated: kw 0.87 very good level (instrument x internal evaluator), Kw 0.78 (instrument x external evaluator) and Kw 0.76 (among evaluators), considered a good level. The main care areas the nurses identified were Research and Monitoring, Locomotion and Activity and Bodily Care and Eliminations. The mean number of care areas identified in the assessments by the internal evaluator was 2.8 (1.8), against 3.5 (1.6) by the external evaluator. The personal and professional characteristics that influenced inter-rater agreement were: age ≥ 30 years 0.73(0.08), professional experience ≥ 5 years 0.73 (0.08), professional qualification 0.83 (0.08) and working at an Intensive Care Unit 0.80 (0.11) for the internal evaluator. As for the external evaluator, the following results were observed: academic qualification 0.19 (0.26) and time on the job ≥ 2 years 0.14 (0.13). Conclusion: The assessments based on clinical reasoning and the classification instrument similarly identified patients nurse care demand and care categories (care profile), although many areas were not addressed in the nurses clinical assessment. / Introdução: A crescente complexidade do trabalho do enfermeiro demanda habilidade de tomada de decisões rápidas e acuradas sobre as necessidades cuidativas dos pacientes. A avaliação é uma das ferramentas utilizadas pelos profissionais para a identificação dessas necessidades e norteia as ações assistenciais. Objetivos: Este estudo descritivo exploratório teve por objetivos: 1. analisar a concordância e discordância entre as avaliações realizadas por raciocínio clínico e aplicação de instrumento de classificação de pacientes e, 2. investigar a associação entre a concordância e características pessoais (idade) e profissionais dos avaliadores (função, tempo de atuação profissional e na unidade, qualificação profissional e acadêmica, ser profissional atuante em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva ou em outra unidade de internação). Casuística e Método: Foram investigados 105 pacientes adultos internados em um hospital de ensino do interior do Estado de São Paulo no período de maio a janeiro de 2011. Cada paciente foi avaliado por três enfermeiros alocados dentro e fora de seis unidades de internação com e sem instrumento de classificação. Para aferição do grau de concordância entre as avaliações foi utilizada a estatística Kappa ponderado IC 95% e, para investigar a associação entre a concordância e as características pessoais, o método Bootstrap. Resultados: A concordância entre as avaliações apontou: kw 0,87- nível muito bom (instrumento x avaliador interno), Kw 0,78 (instrumento x avaliador externo) e Kw 0,76 (entre os avaliadores), consideradas nível bom. As principais áreas de cuidados identificadas pelos enfermeiros foram Investigação e Monitoramento, Locomoção e Atividade e Cuidado Corporal e Eliminações. A média de áreas de cuidados identificadas nas avaliações realizadas pelo avaliador interno foi de 2,8 (1,8) e do externo de 3,5 (1,6). As características pessoais e profissionais que apresentaram influência na concordância entre as avaliações foram: idade ≥ 30 anos - 0,73(0,08), tempo de atuação profissional ≥ 5 anos - 0,73 (0,08), ter qualificação profissional - 0,83 (0,08) e estar lotado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva 0,80 (0,11) para o avaliador interno. Em relação ao avaliador externo observaram-se os seguintes resultados: ter qualificação acadêmica - 0,19 (0,26) e tempo de atuação na unidade ≥ 2 anos - 0,14 (0,13). Conclusão: As avaliações conduzidas através de raciocínio clínico e mediante instrumento de classificação identificaram de forma similar a demanda de atenção dos pacientes em relação à enfermagem e categorias de cuidados (perfil assistencial) embora muitas áreas não tenham sido contempladas na avaliação clínica dos enfermeiros.

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o julgamento colegiado dos recursos nos Tribunais de segunda instância, à luz das razões teóricas subjacentes à colegialidade e das garantias fundamentais do processo. Após a exposição das finalidades com que, em abstrato, a lei processual institui um órgão judicial colegiado para o julgamento dos recursos (i) reforço da cognição judicial, (ii) garantia de independência dos julgadores e (iii) contenção do arbítrio individual , é feita a análise pormenorizada das sucessivas etapas de que se compõe o procedimento recursal ordinário da apelação, conforme a disciplina prevista nas leis federais e em disposições regimentais, como a distribuição dos recursos, o papel do relator, a figura do revisor, a pauta da sessão de julgamento, o regime da sustentação oral, a mecânica da deliberação colegiada, a atividade de redação do acórdão e a intimação das partes quanto ao teor da decisão, a fim de identificar os pontos em que o regime formal do julgamento dos recursos termina por revelar um descompasso com as premissas por que deveria se guiar. Em todo o trabalho, o marco teórico utilizado deita raízes na concepção democrática do direito processual civil, fundada na máxima eficácia das garantias fundamentais do processo previstas na Constituição Federal de 1988. / The present study aims to analyze the collegial judgment of appeals in the second instance Courts, from the viewpoint of the theoretical reasons underlying the collegiality and the fundamental guarantees of the parties in the civil litigation. After the exposure of the purposes for which, in the abstract, the procedural law establishes a judicial collegiate body for judging appeals (i) strengthening of judicial cognition, (ii) ensuring the independence of judges and (iii) restrainting individual will , it is made a detailed analysis of the successive steps that comprise the ordinary appellate procedure, according to the disciplines provided by federal laws and regimental rules, as the distribution of appeals, the role of the rapporteur, the figure of the reviewer, the agenda of the Court, the oral argument, the collegiate deliberation, the elaboration of the decisions text and the partiess notice about the content of the decision, in order to identify the points where the formal scheme of the appellate procedure reveals a dissonance with the assumptions by which should be guided. The study is guided by a democratic conception of civil procedural law, founded on maximum effectiveness of the fundamental guarantees of the parties in civil litigation as proclaimed by the Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988.

Dans cet écrit, nous étudions le développement moral des enfants sourds du point de vu interculturelle. Nous nous intéressons au fonctionnement du développement cognitif dans le cas d’une privation auditive : la cognition comme outil de représentation chez l’enfant déficient auditif, et le développement comme le résultat de la communication avec l’environnement. Quels ajustements psychologiques et cognitifs se mettent en cas de surdité ? Notre problématique porte sur l’intérêt du lien entre l’interaction sociale et développement moral chez l’enfant sourd. Comment les enfants sourds construisent des interactions linguistiques sans la fonction auditive ? Pourquoi les enfants sourds n’arrivent pas facilement à avoir accès au jugement moral ? Existe-t-il un lien entre la privation de langue et le retard au niveau du jugement moral ? Est ce que le jugement moral est en relation avec la culture. Nous constatons que les enfants sourds ont des difficultés à accéder au jugement moral. Nous estimons que ce dernière chez les enfants sourds, est comme chez les entendants, dépendant essentiellement de l’interaction sociale. Un grand nombre de personnes handicapées se présente dans le monde de façon visible, c’était après beaucoup de changements démographiques dans la vie et la prévalence des facteurs de santé qui touchent les femmes enceintes avant et pendant l’accouchement et les causes du handicap qui est apparu ici. Nous remarquons alors l’ouvertement d’un grand intérêt dans les catégories des personnes handicapées à tous les niveaux. En effet, il y a dans le monde entier environ 650 millions de personnes handicapées, soit 10 % de la population mondiale. A peu près les deux tiers vivent dans les pays en développement. Dans certains pays en développement, près de 20 % de la population souffrent d'un handicap. Dans cet écrit, nous nous intéressons au handicap auditif. Et nous étudions la démarche du développement moral chez l’enfant sourd du point de vue interculturelle. L’enfant sourd est un enfant qui n’entend pas et ne peut donc pas s’approprier la langue parlée autour de lui, cela ne signifie pas que cet enfant soit sans pensée, sans intelligence ni sans langage. Bien au contraire, cet enfant va avoir une démarche originale : là où l’enfant ordinaire répète ce qu’il entend, l’enfant sourd lui doit inventer. Car pour communiquer, il est obligé d’inventer un langage recourant à des gestes et à des mimiques, afin de se faire comprendre. L’enfant sourd est donc un enfant normal dans ses potentialités intellectuelles et linguistiques. C’est un enfant qui a sa propre façon d’exister d’une façon cohérente et une intelligence adaptative. Sur le plan épistémologique, notre étude se situe entre la psychologie différentielle, la psychologie du développement, la psychologie physiologique, la psychologie cognitive et la psychologie culturelle. Nous abordons principalement les processus du jugement moral dans les structures déficitaires, autour de la question de la communication dans deux sociétés déférentes. L’approche différentielle des structures déficitaires étudie la situation du handicap comme un système organisé adapté et intégré, qui a sa dynamique et ses flexibilités spécifiques. Les variations individuelles relevées chez les sujets déficitaires sont sources de connaissances sur le handicap lui même, mais aussi sur les lois du développement chez les sujets ordinaires. Si bien que l’étude des situations de déficit nous renseignent beaucoup sur les processus psychologiques ordinaires. L’approche physiologique étudie la fonction de l’ouïe. Comment les données auditives de l’environnement sont transformées de l’oreille au cerveau ? Comment le cerveau traite ces données ? L’approche développementale postule, généralement, une certaine continuité entre le développement normal et le développement perturbé. L’approche cognitive des déficits consiste à étudier comment les enfants sourds développent un jugement moral ?... / In this research, we study the moral development of deaf children in the view intercultural. We are interested of the cognitive operation in the case of auditory deprivation: the cognition as a resource of representation and the development as the result of communication with the environment. Our problematic concerns the interest of the relationship between the social interaction and the moral development in the deaf child. How to develop a deaf child the language interactions without auditory function? Why the deaf child is unable to have easily the access of the moral judgment? Is there a relationship between deprivation language and the delay in the moral judgment? Is the moral judgment is related to the culture. This thesis focuses on the study, if deaf child have difficulty of accessing to the moral judgment. We expect that the moral judgment in the deaf children occur in the same steps that occur in the entendant child, and depend substantially on social interaction.

La lutte contre la délinquance de lucre et de trafic repose aujourd’hui en France sur une stratégie fondée principalement sur l’appréhension des avoirs illicites ainsi générés par cette activité. En pratique, la loi française a conféré aux magistrats, et sous certaines conditions aux enquêteurs, des prérogatives très offensives permettant de placer sous-main de justice des biens patrimoniaux très en amont de la procédure, au plus tôt, et ce indépendamment du droit de propriété et de la présomption d’innocence. Cependant, si la loi a grandement réformé le droit des saisies en créant les saisies pénales spéciales, elle n’a pas donné le cadre à un droit de l’exécution des confiscations. En effet, la confiscation reste le pivot de l’enquête pénale patrimoniale, même si les saisies pénales spéciales en sont aujourd’hui le moteur. Pourtant, l’absence d’une procédure post-sentence est de nature à ouvrir un nouvel espace d’opportunité pour permettre aux condamnés de dissiper une partie de leurs biens. C’est la raison pour laquelle le droit pénal patrimonial français devrait connaître une mise à jour pour conférer à la justice un cadre complet pour garantir que le crime ne paie pas / In France, the money-laundering and trafficking fight is based on a apprehension of the illicit assets strategy. French law give to magistrates, and under conditions to investigators, very offensive prerogatives to seize property assets very early in the proceedings and regardless of the property and the presumption of innocence rights. However, the law largely reformed law of seizures by creating special criminal seizures, it did not provide a framework for confiscation enforcement. Indeed, confiscation remains the pivot of criminal property investigation, although special criminal seizures are now the driving force. The absence of a post sentential procedure is likely to open a new space of opportunity for the convicteds to dissipate part of their property. This is the reason why French criminal law should be updated to give justice a complete framework to ensure that crime does not pay

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-11-16T17:05:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Danton Guilherme Oestreich_.pdf: 658443 bytes, checksum: d5f5339cace57449e1ae2d5125e7c3d7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-16T17:05:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danton Guilherme Oestreich_.pdf: 658443 bytes, checksum: d5f5339cace57449e1ae2d5125e7c3d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-30 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Gadamer desenvolve sua ontologia da obra de arte recorrendo ao conceito de jogo para expressar o modo de ser obra da arte, salientando a importância de libertar o conceito do significado subjetivo que, desde a estética de Kant, prevaleceu para a abordagem da arte bela. A julgar pela natureza hermenêutica da sua investigação, ele parece ter em vista a intenção de contrapor a necessidade de uma mediação histórica do conteúdo da arte diante da noção estética que privilegia a simples distinção formal da arte. De fato, isto sugere um confronto com a noção de jogo livre das faculdades da imaginação e do entendimento de Kant que se refere ao estado ideal do ânimo quando este está inclinado a reconhecer algo como belo e que é autônomo de questões de conteúdo na perspectiva de uma distinção formal. Além disso, para Kant, no caso das obras de arte, a possibilidade de ajuizamento da beleza seria mediada pelo conceito de forma da arte em questão, onde a música acaba sendo definida como o “belo jogo das sensações do ouvido”. Cabe perceber, desta forma, que na música encontramos uma confluência das dimensões estética, hermenêutica e formal através do mesmo conceito de jogo, o que permite considerar a leitura gadameriana do juízo estético sob as peculiaridades da arte musical. Assim, o propósito deste estudo é averiguar a tensão existente entre uma consideração do belo musical enquanto dependente de uma autonomia estética ou enquanto dotado de questões de conteúdo para o qual a forma tem que ser referente. Esta situação problema será apresentada a partir da forma musical de um exemplo específico – a saber: o final da primeira sonata Royal Winter Music de Hans Werner Henze – para mostrar como aspectos da teoria kantiana e gadameriana podem ser significativos para a compreensão da experiência musical. / Gadamer develops its ontology of the artwork using the play concept to express the mode of being of the work of art, stressing the importance of freeing the concept from the subjective meaning that, since Kant's aesthetics, prevailed in the approach the beautiful art. Judging by the hermeneutic nature of his research, he seems to have in mind the intention of counteracting the need for a art content's historical mediation on the aesthetic notion that favors simple formal distinction of art. In fact, this suggests a confrontation with Kant's notion of free play of the faculties of imagination and understanding, referred to the ideal state of mind when it is inclined to recognize something as beautiful and autonomous from content issues in a perspective of formal distinction. Moreover, for Kant, in the case of works of art, the possibility of beauty judgment would be mediated by the concept of art form in question, where the music ends up being defined as the "beautiful play of ear sensations”. In this way, it should be noted that in music we find a confluence of aesthetic, hermeneutics and formal's dimensions through the same play concept, what allowing the consideration of Gadamer's reading of aesthetic judgment under the peculiarities of musical art. Thus, the purpose of this study is to ascertain the tension between a consideration of the musical beautiful as dependent on an aesthetic autonomy or as endowed with content issues for which the musical form has to be related. This problem situation is presented from the musical form of a specific example – namely: the end of the Hans Werner Henze's Royal Winter Music first sonata – to show how aspects of the theories of Kant and Gadamer can be significant for understanding the musical experience.

La vision illusoire de soi positive (surestimation de soi) semble inhérente à la cognition humaine et fluctue dans son intensité en fonction de l’âge et du degré d’abstraction du concept évalué. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux illusions positives, mais aussi négatives, des perceptions que les enfants âgés de 8 à 11 ans ont vis-à-vis de leur compétence scolaire. Ces illusions sont mesurées à partir de l’écart entre les performances scolaires effectives des élèves d’une part et la perception qu’ils ont de leur compétence scolaire d’autre part. Le biais d’auto-évaluation de compétence scolaire, locution utilisée pour faire référence à cet écart positif ou négatif, a été étudié jusqu’alors en considérant les habiletés générales des élèves à l’école (voir Bouffard, Pansu & Boissicat, 2013). Dans cette thèse, le biais est abordé au niveau de matières spécifiques : le français et les mathématiques. L’objectif général est d’appréhender les liens entre les auto-évaluations biaisées de compétence, l’adaptation et la réussite scolaire des élèves dans ces deux disciplines. A un niveau individuel, un suivi longitudinal d’élèves de primaire (N = 677) sur trois années a permis dans une première étude de définir quatre trajectoires développementales du biais d’auto-évaluation : trois trajectoires assez stables, une positive, une modérée, une négative, ainsi qu’une quatrième évoluant d’un biais très négatif à un biais relativement modéré. Après avoir examiné les liens entre ces trajectoires et un ensemble de mesures liées à l’adaptation scolaire de l’élève, nous avons appréhendé dans une seconde étude l’autorégulation et la performance scolaire des élèves en fonction de leur auto-évaluation biaisée. La mise en lumière des liens entre le biais d’auto-évaluation, l’adaptation et le fonctionnement des élèves a permis de rendre compte du caractère plus ou moins délétère du biais selon qu’il soit positif ou négatif. A un niveau interindividuel, une troisième étude a porté sur le lien entre le biais d’auto-évaluation de compétence des élèves et le jugement de leur enseignant. Enfin, une dernière étude a examiné la capacité des enseignants à repérer les auto-évaluations biaisées chez leurs élèves. Si les enseignants jugent mieux les élèves surestimant leur compétence, les résultats de la dernière étude laissent à penser que ce processus est inconscient. / The illusive positive view of the self (overestimation of the self) seems inherent to human cognition. This illusion fluctuates in its intensity according to the age and degree of abstraction of the concept evaluated. In this thesis, we are interested in the positive or negative illusions of self-perceptions among elementary school student aged from 8 to 11. We put the focus in this thesis on the difference between a student's academic skills, measured by standardized tests, and the student’s self-evaluation of his competence. The self-evaluation bias of school competency refer to this gap studied so far by considering the general abilities of the students (see Bouffard, Pansu & Boissicat, 2013). In this thesis, the bias is approached in specific domains: in French and in mathematics. The overall goal is to understand the links between biased self-assessments of competency, student adjustments and academic achievements in these two disciplines. At an individual level, a three-year longitudinal follow-up study of third elementary grade to fifth grade students (N = 677) allowed to define four developmental trajectories of the self-evaluation bias: three fairly stable trajectories, one positive, one neutral, one negative, and the last trajectory evolving from a very negative bias to a positive one. We examined then the links between these trajectories and scholastic adjustment measures. Considering these results, in a second study we examined the self-regulation and academic performance of students according to their biased self-evaluation. The highlight of links between self-evaluation bias and students’ adjustment were relevant to account for detrimental or beneficial nature of the bias, according to its valence. At an inter-individual level, we were interested in a third study on the link between student self-assessment bias and the judgment of their teacher. At last, in a final study, we assessed the ability of teachers to identify self-biased evaluation in their students. In the case of teachers appraising students who overestimate their competence, the results of the last study conducted on this students two years later suggest that this process is unconscious.