Global ETD Search

511	Kvantitativ Modellering av förmögenhetsrättsliga dispositiva tvistemål / Quantitative legal prediction : Modeling cases amenable to out-of-court Settlements Egil, Martinsson January 2014 (has links) I den här uppsatsen beskrivs en ansats till att med hjälp av statistiska metoder förutse utfallet i förmögenhetsrättsliga dispositiva tvistemål. Logistiska- och multilogistiska regressionsmodeller skattades på data för 13299 tvistemål från 5 tingsrätter och användes till att förutse utfallet för 1522 tvistemål från 3 andra tingsrätter. Modellerna presterade bättre än slumpen vilket ger stöd för slutsatsen att man kan använda statistiska metoder för att förutse utfallet i denna typ av tvistemål. / BACKROUND: The idea of legal automatization is a controversial topic that's been discussed for hundreds of years, in modern times in the context of Law & Artificial Intelligence. Strangely, real world applications are very rare. Assuming that the judicial system is like any system that transforms inputs into outputs one would think that we should be able measure it and and gain insight into its inner workings and ultimately use these measurements to make predictions about its output. In this thesis, civil procedures on commercial matters amenable to out-of-court settlement (Förmögenhetsrättsliga Dispositiva Tvistemål) was devoted particular interest and the question was posed: Can we predict the outcome of civil procedures using Statistical Methods? METHOD: By analyzing procedural law and legal doctrin, the civil procedure was modeled in terms of a random variable with a discrete observable outcome. Some data for 14821 cases was extracted from eight different courts. Five of these courts (13299 cases) were used to train the models and three courts (1522 cases) were chosen randomly and kept untouched for validation. Most cases seemed to concern monetary claims (66%) and/or damages (12%). Binary- and Multinomial- logistic regression methods were used as classifiers. RESULTS: The models where found to be uncalibrated but they clearly outperformed random score assignment at separating classes and at a preset threshold gave accuracies significantly higher (p<<0.001) than that of random guessing and in identifying settlements or the correct type of verdict performance was significantly better (p<<0.003) than consequently guessing the most common outcome. CONCLUSION: Using data for cases from one set of courts can to some extent predict the outcomes of cases from another set of courts. The results from applying the models to new data concludes that the outcome in civil processes can be predicted using statistical methods. Statistics legal prediction civil procedures quantitative legal prediction jurimetrics quantitative law data driven law empirical jurisprudence classification machine learning data mining ai mauc auc hosmer-lemeshew confusion matrix statistik jurimetrik juridik tvistemål maskininlärning empirisk automatisering Hosmer Lemeshew AI Klassificering confusion matrix AUC MAUC multilogit logit
512	Essays on corporate risk, U.S. business cycles, international spillovers of stock returns, and dual listing Ivaschenko, Iryna January 2003 (has links) This thesis consists of four self-contained essays on the various topics in finance. The first essay, The Information Content of The Systematic Risk Structure of Corporate Yields for Future Real Activity: An Exploratory Empirical Investigation, constructs a proxy for the systematic component of the risk structure of corporate yields (or systematic risk structure), and tests how well it predicts real economic activity in the United States. It finds that the systematic risk structure predicts the growth rate of industrial production 3 to 18 months into the future even when other leading indicators are controlled for, outperforming other models. A regime-switching estimation also shows that the systematic risk structure is very successful in identifying and capturing different growth regimes of industrial production. The second essay, How Much Leverage is Too Much, or Does Corporate Risk Determine the Severity of a Recession? investigates whether financial conditions of the U.S. corporate sector can explain the probability and severity of recessions. It proposes a measure of corporate vulnerability, the Corporate Vulnerability Index (CVI) constructed as the default probability for the entire corporate sector. It finds that the CVI is a significant predictor of the probability of a recession 4 to 6 quarters ahead, even controlling for other leading indicators, and that an increase in the CVI is also associated with a rise in the probability of a more severe and lengthy recession 3 to 6 quarters ahead. The third essay, Asian Flu or Wall Street Virus? Tech and Non-Tech Spillovers in the United States and Asia (with Jorge A. Chan-Lau), using TGARCH models, finds that U.S. stock markets have been the major source of price and volatility spillovers to stock markets in the Asia-Pacific region during three different periods: the pre-LTCM crisis period, the “tech bubble” period, and the “stock market correction” period. Hong Kong SAR, Japan, and Singapore were sources of spillovers within the region and affected the United States during the latter period. There is also evidence of structural breaks in the stock price and volatility dynamics induced during the “tech bubble” period. The fourth essay, Coping with Financial Spillovers from the United States: The Effect of U. S. Corporate Scandals on Canadian Stock Prices, investigates the effect of U.S. corporate scandals on stock prices of Canadian firms interlisted in the United States. It finds that firms interlisted during the pre-Enron period enjoyed increases in post-listing equilibrium prices, while firms interlisted during the post-Enron period experienced declines in post-listing equilibrium prices, relative to a model-based benchmark. Analyzing the entire universe of Canadian firms, it finds that interlisted firms, regardless of their listing time, were perceived as increasingly risky by Canadian investors after the Enron’s bankruptcy. / Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2003 Corporate governance Investor sentiment Abnormal returns IAPM Event study Cross-listing Asymmetric GARCH models Volatility spillovers Ordered logit Stock price return spillovers Probit Severity of recession Probability of recession Default probability Structural model of corporate debt Corporate leverage Forecasting Regime-switching Principal components Risk structure of corporate spreads Economics Nationalekonomi
513	Função da probabilidade da seleção do recurso (RSPF) na seleção de habitat usando modelos de escolha discreta / Resource of selection probability function (RSPF ) the habitat selection using discrete choice models (DCM) Sandra Vergara Cardozo 16 February 2009 (has links) Em ecologia, o comportamento dos animais é freqüentemente estudado para entender melhor suas preferências por diferentes tipos de alimento e habitat. O presente trabalho esta relacionado a este tópico, dividindo-se em três capítulos. O primeiro capitulo refere-se à estimação da função da probabilidade da seleção de recurso (RSPF) comparado com um modelo de escolha discreta (DCM) com uma escolha, usando as estatísticas qui-quadrado para obter as estimativas. As melhores estimativas foram obtidas pelo método DCM com uma escolha. No entanto, os animais não fazem a sua seleção baseados apenas em uma escolha. Com RSPF, as estimativas de máxima verossimilhança, usadas pela regressão logística ainda não atingiram os objetivos, já que os animais têm mais de uma escolha. R e o software Minitab e a linguagem de programação Fortran foram usados para obter os resultados deste capítulo. No segundo capítulo discutimos mais a verossimilhança do primeiro capítulo. Uma nova verossimilhança para a RSPF é apresentada, a qual considera as unidades usadas e não usadas, e métodos de bootstrapping paramétrico e não paramétrico são usados para estudar o viés e a variância dos estimadores dos parâmetros, usando o programa FORTRAN para obter os resultados. No terceiro capítulo, a nova verossimilhança apresentada no capítulo 2 é usada com um modelo de escolha discreta, para resolver parte do problema apresentado no primeiro capítulo. A estrutura de encaixe é proposta para modelar a seleção de habitat de 28 corujas manchadas (Strix occidentalis), assim como a uma generalização do modelo logit encaixado, usando a maximização da utilidade aleatória e a RSPF aleatória. Métodos de otimização numérica, e o sistema computacional SAS, são usados para estimar os parâmetros de estrutura de encaixe. / In ecology, the behavior of animals is often studied to better understand their preferences for different types of habitat and food. The present work is concerned with this topic. It is divided into three chapters. The first concerns the estimation of a resource selection probability function (RSPF) compared with a discrete choice model (DCM) using chi-squared to obtain estimates. The best estimates were obtained by the DCM method. Nevertheless, animals were not selected based on choice alone. With RSPF, the maximum likelihood estimates used with the logistic regression still did not reach the objectives, since the animals have more than one choice. R and Minitab software and the FORTRAN programming language were used for the computations in this chapter. The second chapter discusses further the likelihood presented in the first chapter. A new likelihood for a RSPF is presented, which takes into account the units used and not used, and parametric and non-parametric bootstrapping are employed to study the bias and variance of parameter estimators, using a FORTRAN program for the calculations. In the third chapter, the new likelihood presented in chapter 2, with a discrete choice model is used to resolve a part of the problem presented in the first chapter. A nested structure is proposed for modelling selection by 28 spotted owls (Strix occidentalis) as well as a generalized nested logit model using random utility maximization and a random RSPF. Numerical optimization methods and the SAS system were employed to estimate the nested structural parameters. Análise de regressão e correlação Boostrap Jackniffe re-amostragem Ecologia animal - Métodos estatísticos Habitat - Seleção Inferência em população animal Modelos matemáticos Probabilidade aplicada. Discrete choice model (DCM) Generalized nested logit model (GNL) Random utility maximization Resource selection function (RSF)
514	Inteligentní emailová schránka / Intelligent Mailbox Pohlídal, Antonín January 2012 (has links) This master's thesis deals with the use of text classification for sorting of incoming emails. First, there is described the Knowledge Discovery in Databases and there is also analyzed in detail the text classification with selected methods. Further, this thesis describes the email communication and SMTP, POP3 and IMAP protocols. The next part contains design of the system that classifies incoming emails and there are also described realated technologie ie Apache James Server, PostgreSQL and RapidMiner. Further, there is described the implementation of all necessary components. The last part contains an experiments with email server using Enron Dataset.
515	Assessing the impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies on smallholder farming in the Vhembe District, South Africa Kom, Zongho January 2020 (has links) PhD (Geography) / Department of Geography and Geo- Information Sciences / One of the major challenges facing all categories of farmers globally is climate change. African smallholder farmers are the most vulnerable to changes in climate. In most parts of South Africa, empirical evidence indicates the level to which climate change has impacted negatively on agricultural production. Rising temperatures, prolonged drought and decreasing rainfall have affected local farmers’ livelihood and crop production. In the Vhembe District of South Africa’s Limpopo Province, smallholder farming predominates and its vulnerability to climate change has increased for the past decades. This study, therefore, assesses the impact of climate change and adaptation strategies on smallholder farming systems in the Vhembe District To achieve this aim, qualitative and quantitative research methodologies were employed. A questionnaire was administered to a sample of 224 smallholder farmers to elicit data on perceptions; climate change impacts, adaptation and IKS based strategies to deal with climatic shocks. Focus group discussions (FGDs), semi-structured interviews with the extension officers elicited thematic data that complemented the interview survey. Climate data were obtained from the South Africa Weather Service (SAWS) for the period 1980 to 2015. Smallholder farmers’ perceptions about climate change were validated by an analysis of climatic trends from 1980-2015. A thematic analysis of qualitative data and the Multi Nominal Logit (MNL) regression model was used based on socio-economic and biophysical attributes such as access to climate knowledge, gender, farm size, education level, and farmers’ experience, decreasing rainfall and increasing temperature as farmers’ determinants of their adaptation options to climate change. Furthermore, farmers’ perceptions tallied well with climatic trends that showed flood and drought cycles. Most of the smallholder farmers were aware of climate change and its impacts over the past decades. The study further indicated that, due to the marked climate change over this period, farmers have adopted different coping strategies at on-farm and off-farm levels. In terms of adaptation, the major adaptive strategies used by smallholder farmers included the use of drought-tolerant seeds; planting of short-seasoned crops; crop diversification; changing planting dates; irrigation and migrating to urban areas. The study recommends a framework that would include water conservation (rainfall harvesting); investment in irrigation schemes and other smart technologies that integrate indigenous knowledge systems and modern scientific knowledge to enhance crop production. / NRF Vhembe District Farmer perceptions Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS) Multi Nominal Logit (MNL) Sustainable livelihood framework 338.140968257 Agriculture -- South Africa -- Limpopo Farms, Small -- South Africa -- Limpopo Climatology -- South Africa -- Limpopo
516	Economía de la innovación y la digitalización del turismo: un estudio del mercado de Airbnb aplicando técnicas econométricas y redes neuronales Más-Ferrando, Adrián 20 January 2023 (has links) Esta tesis doctoral tiene como fin realizar una revisión de los principios económicos del turismo desde una perspectiva de la economía de la innovación, analizar el potencial impacto de la aplicación de IA en la industria turística a todos los niveles, y el estudio del mercado turístico más disruptivo de las últimas décadas: la economía de plataforma, ejemplificada en el caso de estudio de Airbnb. En este Capítulo I se establece el hilo conductor de los apartados de los que consta esta tesis en formato compendio, inspirada en diversos trabajos, entre los que se incluyen los publicados por el doctorando en esta etapa predoctoral. Para ello se presenta el diseño de la investigación, explicando detalladamente todo el proceso realizado para lograr el planteamiento de la tesis y la consecución de los objetivos y se dedica un breve apartado para presentar las principales conclusiones de la tesis. El Capítulo II de esta investigación está dedicado a la revisión de la evolución del concepto de innovación y su importancia en la teoría económica. Para ello nos basaremos en referentes teóricos que han estudiado el papel de la tecnología y la innovación en el crecimiento económico, como Schumpeter, Solow, Romer o Lucas. Con ello se pretende comprender el impacto que están teniendo los cambios disruptivos que vivimos en la economía, para posteriormente aplicarlos a la transformación de la estructura de la industria turística. En el Capítulo III se realiza un análisis aplicado de la innovación y del impacto de las nuevas tecnologías en el sector turístico. En él se estudiará el estado de la innovación del sector, realizando importantes aclaraciones sobre la capacidad que tiene la industria para adaptar o desarrollar tecnologías disruptivas. Además, se explicarán los principios digitales que están transformando la industria turística y el nuevo ciclo de investigación derivado de la aparición del Big Data y que está protagonizado por técnicas basadas en algoritmos de Machine Learning, justificando así la elección del sector turístico como caso de estudio. En el Capítulo IV se realiza una revisión completa del proceso transformador que está viviendo la estructura de la industria turística debido al cambio de paradigma tecnológico. Así, se estudia cómo estos procesos innovadores están desarrollando una nueva demanda turística basada en los datos, cómo se está reinventando la cadena de valor turística, cómo se fijan los precios turísticos en un mercado con información casi perfecta, qué retos supone para el mercado laboral y formativo del sector, y qué papel juegan en el surgimiento de nuevos competidores de base tecnológica en el sector. En los Capítulos V y VI se escoge como caso de estudio aplicado el mercado alojativo, utilizando la información de Airbnb. Sin duda, esta empresa representa muchos de los desafíos a los que se enfrenta el sector en cuestiones tecnológicas, de regulación política, intervención de mercado, reinterpretación de la cadena de valor turística, aparición de shocks económicos o pandémicos a los que se deben enfrentar los investigadores. El Capítulo V tiene como objeto de análisis la ciudad de Madrid, cuarto destino por número de anuncios de Airbnb en Europa. Para este caso aplicado se estudia si la pandemia de la COVID-19 tuvo un impacto significativo en la estructura de la oferta y de la demanda de Airbnb. Para ello, el estudio parte de un modelo logit de datos de panel hedónicos, se aplican diferentes métodos alternativos de selección de variables y pruebas de verosimilitud para confirmar la existencia del cambio estructural que afecte a la toma de decisiones a la hora de alquilar un apartamento de la Plataforma. El Capítulo VI centra el estudio en la Comunidad Valenciana, uno de los principales destinos turísticos de sol y playa, para realizar un análisis sobre la fijación de precios del alojamiento turístico en la plataforma. Este caso de estudio tiene por objetivo analizar si la aplicación de algoritmos de ML permite a las empresas optimizar precios de una manera más eficiente que modelos tradicionales. Para ello, se enfrenta el rendimiento de un modelo de precios hedónicos tradicional frente a un modelo de estimación basado en redes neuronales, comprobándose el mejor ajuste en la capacidad predictiva de las técnicas basadas en machine learning a la hora de fijar precios. De este modo la tesis doctoral constituye una valiosa y novedosa aportación al nuevo ciclo de investigación del sector. Propone una exhaustiva revisión de todas las implicaciones y las aplicaciones que tienen las nuevas tecnologías en el turismo y de las ventajas del uso de técnicas de análisis basadas machine learning para los investigadores en su estudio. Airbnb Economía de la innovación Economía digital Economía del turismo Demanda turística Determinantes del turismo Destino turístico Preferencias de la demanda Inteligencia artificial Aprendizaje automático Digitalización Algoritmos de predicción Cambio estructural Redes neuronales Stepwise backward elimination Modelo logit Razón de verosimilitud Criterio de información Akaike Criterio de información Bayesiano
517	Análisis microeconometrico de las decisiones de participación y gasto turístico de los hogares Mateo Erroz, Sara 22 June 2012 (has links) La tesis se enmarca en el análisis microeconométrico de la demanda turística de los hogares españoles. Su objetivo general es estudiar los determinantes que influyen en la decisión de consumo turístico, frecuencia de consumo y gasto de los hogares en servicios turísticos. En el análisis de todas las decisiones intervienen variables no estrictamente económicas específicas de cada hogar (número de miembros, existencia de niños y otras variable ligadas al ciclo de vida del hogar) y de sus miembros (edad, nivel educativo, y otras variable ligadas al momento vital por el que atraviesan). Además, se incorporan variables económicas o ligadas a la situación económica del hogar. De esta manera se puede realizar un análisis sobre las diferentes decisiones de consumo turístico de los hogares y vincularlas a sus preferencias, restricciones temporales, restricciones monetarias o diferentes circunstancias condicionadas a su momento vital. Se hace especial referencia a los efectos de la crisis económica mundial y el desempleo de los miembros del hogar sobre su gasto turístico efectivo. Este trabajo está estructurado en cuatro capítulos. En el primer capítulo se aborda el estudio de las restricciones a las que hacen frente los hogares españoles a la hora de viajar. Para ello, se estudia la importancia que tiene la situación económica del hogar como barrera al consumo turístico. Los hogares analizados provienen de la muestra española del año 2000 de la encuesta del Panel de Hogares de la Comunidad Europea (PHOGUE). En el segundo capítulo se examina la frecuencia de participación turística mediante la explotación de los microdatos de la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares (EPF) durante el periodo 1999-2005. Además de la renta disponible y las variables del hogar asociadas a su situación económica, el tiempo libre, marcado por la situación laboral del sustentador familiar, y otros factores del hogar y sus miembros se incluye una variable temporal que permita describir la evolución de la frecuencia en el periodo considerado. En el tercer capítulo se examinan las decisiones de participación y gasto turístico de los hogares españoles en un periodo caracterizado por un cambio en el ciclo económico. Se emplean microdatos de la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares (EPF) de los años 2006 a 2010, lo que permite analizar las consecuencias que la crisis económica y el desempleo tienen sobre las decisiones de consumo turístico de los hogares. Finalmente, el cuarto capítulo tiene como principal objetivo la clasificación de los hogares en función de sus preferencias de consumo, distinguiendo entre demandantes de baja intensidad (nulo o muy escaso gasto turístico), intensidad media (gasto turístico intermedio) y alta intensidad (gasto turístico elevado). Así, se pretende ofrecer una alternativa a la modelización del gasto turístico teniendo en cuenta, de manera explícita, las preferencias personales ya que estas juegan un papel fundamental en la demanda turística como respuesta a un conjunto de características sociodemográficas y económicas. Los microdatos empleados pertenecen a la Encuesta de Presupuestos Familiares (EPF) de los años 2006 a 2010. Los ingresos son la variable que mayor poder explicativo tiene sobre la demanda turística. Aún así, las variaciones en el nivel de renta no presentan efectos uniformes en la variación del consumo turístico de los diferentes hogares. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto la existencia de otros factores sociodemográficos que pueden compensar o restringir el consumo turístico efectivo. Las variaciones de los ingresos en los hogares, debidos a factores externos como la crisis o el desempleo, o a otros factores específicos del hogar y de sus miembros, no tienen el mismo efecto en las variaciones de la demanda turística final. Para el análisis de la demanda turística es necesario utilizar herramientas de estimación que permitan recoger la heterogeneidad de los consumidores. De esta manera, el efecto de los ingresos o de la situación económica de un hogar puede verse compensado por la presencia de otras variables ya sean preferencias o determinantes sociodemográficos. En cuanto a la novedad de introducir el efecto de la crisis, los resultados obtenidos ponen de manifiesto que ante ésta, los hogares modifican parcialmente sus criterios de decisión. En un entorno social de crisis económica los hogares otorgan a los ingresos un papel más conservador en la decisión de participación; no obstante, una vez tomada esa decisión, el gasto efectivo es más sensible al nivel de ingresos del hogar. Los resultados obtenidos revelan la conveniencia de incluir información sobre la situación laboral del sustentador principal, y si cabe, del resto de miembros en las decisiones de participación, frecuencia de viaje y gasto turístico. En España, dónde su economía se caracteriza por las elevadas tasas de desempleo y donde el ciclo económico afecta a la permanencia de empleo de los individuos, esta consideración ayuda a obtener una imagen más real sobre el comportamiento del hogar. Como se observa en los resultados el desempleo tiene un efecto negativo en las decisiones de consumo turístico que es coherente con la literatura revisada. El seguimiento y análisis de la demanda turística debe realizarse en un entorno de constantes cambios y, en la actualidad, con perspectivas de estancamiento. La tesis contribuye al análisis de la demanda turística señalando la heterogeneidad de comportamiento y preferencias de los consumidores, para los que el nivel de ingresos es sólo un factor en el conjunto de determinantes económicos y sociodemográficos que afectan a sus decisiones de consumo. 33 338
518	Family, work and welfare states in Europe: women's juggling with multiple roles :a series of empirical essays / Famille, emploi et état-providence: la jonglerie des femmes avec leurs multiples rôles O'Dorchai, Sile Padraigin 24 January 2007 (has links) The general focus of this thesis is on how the family, work and the welfare system are intertwined. A major determinant is the way responsibilities are shared by the state, the market and civil society in different welfare state regimes. An introductory chapter will therefore be dedicated to the development of the social dimension in the process of European integration. A first chapter will then go deeper into the comparative analysis of welfare state regimes, to comment on the provision of welfare in societies with a different mix of state, market and societal welfare roles and to assess the adequacy of existing typologies as reflections of today’s changed socio-economic, political and gender reality. Although they stand strong on their own, these first two chapters also contribute to contextualising the research subject of the remainder of the thesis: the study and comparison of the differential situation of women and men and of mothers and non-mothers on the labour markets of the EU-15 countries as well as of the role of public policies with respect to the employment penalties faced by women, particularly in the presence of young children. In our analysis, employment penalties are understood in three ways: (i) the difference in full-time equivalent employment rates between mothers and non-mothers, (ii) the wage penalty associated with motherhood, and (iii) the wage gap between part-time and full-time workers, considering men and women separately. Besides from a gender point of view, employment outcomes and public policies are thus assessed comparatively for mothers and non-mothers. Because women choose to take part in paid employment, fertility rates will depend on their possibilities to combine employment and motherhood. As a result, motherhood-induced employment penalties and the role of public policies to tackle them should be given priority attention, not just by scholars, but also by politicians and policy-makers. / Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished Economie public policies/politiques publiques gender/genre employment/emploi multinomial logit/régression logistique OLS/MCO
519	Ein simultanes Erzeugungs-, Verteilungs-, Aufteilungs- und Routenwahlmodell Dugge, Birgit 13 April 2006 (has links) In dieser Arbeit wird ein simultanes Quell-, Ziel-, Verkehrsmittel- und Routenwahlmodell (Modell EVA-U) entwickelt, welches ein stochastisches Nutzergleichgewicht erreicht. Die Routenwahlmodelle der Verkehrsarten sind nicht mehr Teil der Umlegungsalgorithmen, sondern in das Nachfragemodell integriert. Dadurch ist eine konsistente Bewertung aller Alternativen (der Verkehrsarten) möglich. Das Simultanmodell EVA-U stellt eine Weiterentwicklung des Simultanmodells EVA von LOHSE dar. Das EVA-U-Modell ist den universalen Logit-Modellen zuzuordnen. Die Randsummenbedingungen der Verkehrsverteilung werden beachtet. Die Bewertung der Alternativen erfolgt mittels Generalisierter Kosten. Die Abhängigkeit von Routen wird berücksichtigt, ebenso die Tagesganglinie der Verkehrsnachfrage und die Fahrpläne des ÖV-Systems. Das Modell EVA-U erlaubt auch die Berücksichtigung von Routen intermodaler Verkehrsarten (z.B. P+R). Darüber hinaus ist die Integration eines Modells des ruhenden Verkehrs möglich. / In this thesis a simultaneous Trip Generation-, Distribution-, Modal-Split and Route Choice Model (modell EVA-U) is elaborated. The model tends to reach a stochastic user equilibrium. The route choice algorithms are not longer part of an assignment procedure but part of the demand model. A consistent assessment of properties of all transport systems is possible. The simultaneous model EVA-U is an advancement of the EVA-Model by Lohse. The model EVA-U is to be assigned to the generalised logit-models. All matrix constrains are taken into account. The assessment is effected by generalised costs. The dependence of routes is taken into account. Moreover, the integration of day time and the schedules of private transport lines is possible. Furthermore, it is possible to integrate a model of parked cars and circuits of inter-modal traffic forms (park and ride) in the Model EVA-U. info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/620 ddc:620
520	GIS-based Episode Reconstruction Using GPS Data for Activity Analysis and Route Choice Modeling / GIS-based Episode Reconstruction Using GPS Data Dalumpines, Ron 26 September 2014 (has links) Most transportation problems arise from individual travel decisions. In response, transportation researchers had been studying individual travel behavior – a growing trend that requires activity data at individual level. Global positioning systems (GPS) and geographical information systems (GIS) have been used to capture and process individual activity data, from determining activity locations to mapping routes to these locations. Potential applications of GPS data seem limitless but our tools and methods to make these data usable lags behind. In response to this need, this dissertation presents a GIS-based toolkit to automatically extract activity episodes from GPS data and derive information related to these episodes from additional data (e.g., road network, land use). The major emphasis of this dissertation is the development of a toolkit for extracting information associated with movements of individuals from GPS data. To be effective, the toolkit has been developed around three design principles: transferability, modularity, and scalability. Two substantive chapters focus on selected components of the toolkit (map-matching, mode detection); another for the entire toolkit. Final substantive chapter demonstrates the toolkit’s potential by comparing route choice models of work and shop trips using inputs generated by the toolkit. There are several tools and methods that capitalize on GPS data, developed within different problem domains. This dissertation contributes to that repository of tools and methods by presenting a suite of tools that can extract all possible information that can be derived from GPS data. Unlike existing tools cited in the transportation literature, the toolkit has been designed to be complete (covers preprocessing up to extracting route attributes), and can work with GPS data alone or in combination with additional data. Moreover, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of route choice decisions for work and shop trips by looking into the combined effects of route attributes and individual characteristics. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) GPS time use diary episode extraction multinomial logit travel behavior mode detection episode reconstruction GIS map-matching route choice path size logit potential path area scale estimation Python ArcGIS activity analysis trip reconstruction smartphone global positioning system geographic information system toolkit work trip shop trip potential activity location land use activity episode travel episode stop episode transferability scalability modularity scripting big data travel survey respondent burden preprocessing multipath error tracking purpose detection segmentation data filter data smoothing fuzzy logic neural network decision tree rule-based algorithm trajectory point road network network dataset gateway shortest path horizontal dilution of precision HDOP commonality factor mode transfer point Halifax Nova Scotia Space-Time Activity Research variance inflation factor shapefile comma-separated values traveling salesman problem data mining branch-and-bound algorithm pedestrian network alternative route observed route route efficiency route attributes distance time heading bearing duration acceleration latitude longitude coordinate overlay analysis intersect shopping module data logger walk likelihood ratio test classification table path generation kappa statistic degrees data collection transportation research automate framework ArcToolbox spatio-temporal navigation positioning trace path spatial data topology horizontal accuracy SPSS Stata spatial resolution temporal resolution household survey trip reporting proximity analysis DMTI Desktop Mapping Technologies Inc. road intersection route overlap left turn right turn location analysis time geography spatial statistics buffer analysis cycling bus transit public transportation GEOIDE AGILE data need raw data urban canyon endpoint data cleaning elevation satellite outliers automatic processing nearest node classifier classification method short trip multi-point

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