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Respect du droit aux choix et aux risques des personnes âgées en institution : impacts sur la perception de la qualité de vie des résidents / Respect of rights to choose and risks of the elderly in insitution : impacts on the perception of the quality of lifeAlbayrak, Sabrina 06 April 2018 (has links)
L’objectif général de la thèse était d’une part d’étudier le rôle de l’impact des politiques menées en matière de respect du droit aux choix et aux risques dans les EHPAD/EHPA sur l’émergence des libertés des résidents et d’autre part sur le choix de leur mode de vie.La première partie de la thèse visait à étudier l’état du vieillissement, le statut des personnes âgées en France et l’influence de nos représentations sociales sur leurs comportements. L’hypothèse d’une association entre les préjugés que porte la société sur les personnes âgées et la réduction de leur autonomie a été induite.La deuxième partie de la thèse visait à mieux comprendre les possibilités d’expression des résidents en EHPAD/EHPA et quels étaient les facteurs qui permettaient leur émergence dans des lieux normalisés. Nous avons fait l’hypothèse que, quel que soit le niveau de dépendance d’une personne (physique et/ou psychique), celle-ci possédera toujours des marges de liberté dont l’expression est déterminée par des facteurs externes et internes à elle.La troisième partie de la thèse s’est intéressée aux politiques de respect du droit aux choix et aux risques des personnes âgées et aux enjeux éthiques, médicaux et sociaux que cette notion soulève. L’hypothèse d’une association entre l’application de ces politiques et un contexte organisationnel a été soulevée.Enfin, dans la dernière partie de la thèse, nous avons étudié l’impact des politiques de respect du droit aux choix et aux risques des résidents sur la perception de leur qualité de vie. Pour cela, nous avons coproduit une grille d’indicateurs nous permettant de distinguer les institutions respectueuses des droits et des risques des personnes âgées avec des résidents. Les résultats que nous avons obtenus montrent l’importance de prendre en compte le respect et la dignité des personnes âgées tant au niveau individuel que contextuel dans l’étude des facteurs protecteurs de la qualité de vie. / The aim of this thesis was first to study how the liberty of the residents in nursing homes for elderly has been impacted by the policies led regarding the respect of the right to choose and to take risks. Secondly, we studied the impact they had on the way of living chosen by the elderly.The first part of the thesis aims at studying the state of the aging process and the status of the elderly in France and the influence of our own social representations, on their behavior. The hypothesis of a link between our Society’s prejudices on the elderly and the decrease in their autonomy is implicit.The second part of the thesis aims at better understanding the nursing homes residents’ expression possibilities. We also focused on the factors which would allow their emergence in standard places at all levels of social life.Our main hypothesis is that the dependency level of a person (physical and/or psychological) is no impediment to his or her capacity to bear in mind their liberty margin, which expression is determined by external and internal personal factors.The third part of the thesis tackles the policies put in place to respect the elderly rights to choose and take risks within their caring homes, as well as the ethical, medical and social stakes raised by this notion.The hypothesis of the link between the setting up of these policies and a certain organizational context has been emphasized.Finally, in the last part, we studied the impact the policies applied on the respect to choose and take risks had on the residents’ perception of their quality of life.An indicator grid has been co-produced to distinguish the institutions respect of their residents’ rights and risks.The results we obtained highlights the significance of taking into account the respect and the dignity of the elderly in the study of the protective factors of the quality of life, both at the individual and contextual level.
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Changes in a pollinator food web in the face of climate change: effects of physiological limitations and species interactionsSeidel, Melissa E. 07 August 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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Structure and evolution of basin and petroleum systems within a transformrelated passive margin setting : data-based insights from crust-scale 3D modelling of the Western Bredasdorp Basin, offshore South AfricaSonibare, Wasiu Adedayo 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the crustal structure, and assesses the qualitative and quantitative impacts of crust-mantle dynamics on subsidence pattern, past and present-day thermal field and petroleum
system evolution at the southern South African continental margin through the application of a
multi-disciplinary and multi-scale geo-modelling procedure involving both conceptual and
numerical approaches. The modelling procedure becomes particularly important as this margin
documents a complex interaction of extension and strike-slip tectonics during its Mesozoic
continental rifting processes. Located on the southern shelf of South Africa, the Western
Bredasdorp Basin (WBB) constitutes the focus of this study and represents the western section of
the larger Bredasdorp sub-basin, which is the westernmost of the southern offshore sub-basins. To
understand the margin with respect to its present-day structure, isostatic state and thermal field, a
combined approach of isostatic, 3D gravity and 3D thermal modelling was performed by integrating
potential field, seismic and well data. Complimenting the resulting configuration and thermal field
of the latter by measured present-day temperature, vitrinite reflectance and source potential data,
basin-scale burial and thermal history and timing of source rock maturation, petroleum generation,
expulsion, migration and accumulation were forwardly simulated using a 3D basin modelling
technique. This hierarchical modelling workflow enables geologic assumptions and their associated
uncertainties to be well constrained and better quantified, particularly in three dimensions.
At present-day, the deep crust of the WBB is characterised by a tripartite density structure (i.e. prerift
metasediments underlain by upper and lower crustal domains) depicting a strong thinning that is
restricted to a narrow E-W striking zone. The configuration of the radiogenic crystalline crust as
well as the conductivity contrasts between the deep crust and the shallow sedimentary cover
significantly control the present-day thermal field of the study area. In all respects, this present-day
configuration reflects typical characteristics of basin evolution in a strike-slip setting. For instance,
the orientations of the deep crust and fault-controlled basin-fill are spatially inconsistent, thereby
indicating different extension kinematics typical of transtensional pull-apart mechanisms. As such,
syn-rift subsidence is quite rapid and short-lived, and isostatic equilibrium is not achieved,
particularly at the Moho level.
Accompanied syn-rift rapid subsidence and a heat flow peak led to petroleum preservation in the
basin since the Early Cretaceous. Two additional post-rift thermal anomalies related to the Late
Cretaceous hotspot mechanism and Miocene margin uplift in Southern Africa succeeded the syn-rift
control on maturation. This thermal maturity of the five mature source rocks culminated in four
main generation and three main accumulation phases which characterise the total petroleum systems
of the WBB. The Campanian, Eocene and Miocene uplift scenarios episodically halted source
maturation and caused tertiary migration of previously trapped petroleum. Petroleum loss related to
the spill point of each trap configuration additionally occurs during the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene
and Oligocene-Early Miocene. The timing and extent of migration dynamics are most sensitive to
the geological scenario that combined faulting, intrusive seal bypass system and facies
heterogeneity. In fact, for models that do not incorporate facies heterogeneity, predicted past and
present-day seafloor leakage of petroleum is largely underestimated. This complex interplay of
generation and migration mechanisms has significant implications for charging of petroleum
accumulations by multiple source rocks. Due to early maturation and late stage tertiary migration,
the syn-rift source rocks particularly Mid Hauterivian and Late Hauterivian source intervals
significantly control the extent of petroleum accumulation and loss in the basin.
Lastly, the modelled 3D crustal configuration and Mezosoic to Cenozoic thermal regime of the
WBB dispute classic uniform lithospheric stretching for the southern South African continental
margin. Rather, this PhD thesis confirms that differential thinning of the lithosphere related to a
transtensional pull-apart mechanism is the most appropriate for accurately predicting the evolution
of basin and petroleum systems of the margin. Also, the presented 3D models currently represent
the most advanced insights, and thus have clear implications for assessing associated risks in basin
and prospect evaluation of the margin as well as other similar continental margins around the world. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die korsstruktuur en evalueer die kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe impakte
van kors-mantel-dinamika op insinkingspatroon, die termiese veld en petroleumstels evolusie aan
die suidelike Suid-Afrikaanse kontinentale grens, in die hede en die verlede, deur die toepassing van
’n multidissiplinêre en multiskaal-geomodelleringsprosedure wat beide konseptuele en numeriese
benaderings behels. Die modelleringsprosedure veral is belangrik aangesien hierdie kontinentale
grens ’n komplekse interaksie van uitbreidings- en strekkingsparallelle tektoniek gedurende die
Mesosoïese vastelandskeurprosesse daarvan dokumenteer. Omdat dit op die suidelike platvorm van
Suid-Afrika geleë is, maak die Westelike Bredasdorp Kom (WBK) die fokus van hierdie studie uit,
en verteenwoordig dit die westelike deel van die groter Bredasdrop-subkom, wat die verste wes is
van die suidelike aflandige subkomme. Om die grens met betrekking tot sy huidige struktuur,
isostatiese staat en termiese veld te verstaan, is ’n kombinasie benadering bestaande uit isostatiese,
3D-gravitasie- en 3D- termiese modellering gebruik deur potensiëleveld-, seismiese en boorgatdata
te integreer Ondersteunend totot die gevolglike konfigurasie en termiese veld van die laasgenoemde
deur middel van hedendaagse temperatuur, soos gemeet, vitriniet-refleksiekoëffisiënt en bronpotensiaal
data, komskaal-begrawing en termiese geskiedenis en tydsberekening van
brongesteentematurasie, is petroleumgenerasie, -uitwerping, -migrasie en -akkumulasie in die
toekoms gesimuleer deur gebruik te maak van ’n 3D-kommodelleringstegniek. Hierdie hierargiese
modelleringswerkvloei maak dit moontlik om geologiese aannames en hulle geassosieerde
onsekerhede goed aan bande te lê en beter te kwantifiseer, veral in drie dimensies.
In die hede word die diep kors van die WBK gekarakteriseer deur ’n drieledige digtheidstruktuur
(met ander woorde voorrift-metasedimente onderlê deur bo- en benedekors domeine) wat dui op ’n
baie wesenlike verdunning, beperk tot ’n dun O-W-strekkingsone. Die konfigurasie van die
radiogeniese kristallyne kors, sowel as die konduktiwiteitskontraste tussen die diep kors en die vlak
sedimentêre dekking, beheer grotendeels die hedendaagse termiese veld van die studiearea. Hierdie
hedendaagse konfigurasie weerspieël in alle opsigte tipiese eienskappe van kom-evolusie in ’n
skuifskeur omgewing. Byvoorbeeld, Die oriëntasies van die diep kors en verskuiwingbeheerde
komsedimentasie byvoorbeeld is ruimtelik inkonsekwent en dui daardeur op verskillende
ekstensiekinematika, tipies van transtensionale tensiemeganisme. As sulks, is sin-rift-versakking
taamlik vinnig en kortstondig, en word isostatiese ekwilibrium nie by die Moho-vlak, in die
besonder, bereik nie.
Samehangende sin-rift vinnige versakking en hittevloeihoogtepunt het gelei tot petroleum behoud in die kom sedert die vroeë Kryt. Twee bykomende post-rift termiese anomalieë wat verband hou met
die laat Kryt-“hotspot” meganisme en die Mioseense kontinentale grensopheffing in Suidelike
Afrika het die sin-rift-beheer met maturasie opgevolg. Hierdie termiese maturiteit van die vyf
gematureerde brongesteentes het in vier hoofgenerasie- en drie hoofakkumulasie fases, wat die
totaliteit van die petroleumstelsels van die WBK karakteriseer, gekulmineer. Die Campaniese,
Eoseense en Mioseense opheffings senarios het episodies bronmaturasie gestop en tersiêre migrasie
van petroleum wat vroeër opgevang was veroorsaak. Addisioneel vind petroleumverlies gekoppel
aan die spilpunt van elke opvanggebiedkonfigurasie tydens die laat Kryt-Paleoseen en Oligoseenvroeë
Mioseen plaas. Die tydstelling en omvang van migrasiedinamika is die sensitiefste vir die
geologiese scenario wat verskuiwing, seëlomseilingstelsel en fasiesheterogeniteit kombineer.
Trouens, vir modelle wat nie fasiesheterogeniteit inkorporeer nie, is voorspellings van vroeëre en
huidige seebodemlekkasie van petroleum grotendeels onderskattings. Hierdie komplekse
wisselwerking van generasie- en migrasiemeganismes het beduidende implikasies vir die laai van
petroleumakkumulasies deur veelvoudige brongesteentes. Vanweë vroeë maturasie en laatstadiumtersiêre
migrasie, oefen die sin-rift-brongesteentes, veral middel Hauterivium- en laat Hauteriviumbronintervalle,
beduidende beheer oor die omvang van petroleumakkumulasie en -verlies in die
kom uit.
Laastens weerspreek die gemodelleerde 3D-korskonfigurasie en Mesosoïese-tot-Senosoïesetermiese
regime van die WBK ’n klassieke uniforme litosferiese rekking vir die suidelike Suid-
Afrikaanse kontinentale grens. Inteendeel, hierdie PhD-proefskrif bevestig dat ’n differensiële
verdunning van die litosfeer, gekoppel aan ’n transtensiemeganisme, die beste geskik is om ’n
akkurate voorspelling oor die evolusie van kom- en petroleumstelsels van die kontinentale grens
mee te maak. Verder, verteenwoordig die 3D-modelle, wat hier aangebied word, tans die mees
gevorderde insigte, en het hierdie modelle dus duidelike implikasies vir die assessering van
verwante risiko’s in kom- en petroleum teikene valuering van die kontinentale grens, so wel as van
ander soortgelyke kontinentale grense regoor die wêreld.
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Bees and wasps in agricultural landscapes: effects of dispersal corridors and land-use intensity at multiple spatial scales / Bienen und Wespen in Agrarlandschaften: Effekte von Ausbreitungskorridoren und Landnutzungsintensität auf verschiedenen räumlichen SkalenHolzschuh, Andrea Alexandra Violetta 03 May 2006 (has links)
No description available.
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Imagerie sismique de la structure profonde de la marge Algérienne orientale (secteur de Jijel) : implications en terme de potentiel pétrolier / Seismic imaging of the Eastern Algerian marging of JijelMihoubi, Abdelhafid 30 June 2014 (has links)
Cette thèse a été conduite dans le cadre du programme de coopération de recherche Algéro-française SPIRAL (Sismique Profonde et Investigations Régionales du Nord de l’Algérie). Ce projet vise à étudier la structure profonde de la marge algérienne par une approche combinée des techniques sismiques ; grand-angle et multi-canal. Le domaine couvert par la présente étude se concentre dans la région de Jijel dans la marge algérienne orientale. L’objectif principal de notre thèse est d'améliorer en profondeur l'imagerie de la marge algérienne en utilisant une combinaison de données sismiques grand-angle (OBS, sismomètres de fond de l'océan) et multi-canal (MCS). Le but de cette thèse est d'apporter de nouvelles connaissances pour répondre à quelques questions sur la nature de la croûte terrestre, la zone de transition continentale-océanique, la présence du sel messénien, sa distribution et sa relation entre les formations sédimentaires superficielles et les structures crustales. Dans cette étude, notre approche est une inversion jointe des enregistrements grand-angle et des données sismiques multi-canal. Nous avons conduit une série de tomographie des premières arrivées, une inversion jointe des arrivées réfractées et réfléchies ainsi qu’une modélisation gravimétrique. Etant donné que la solution du problème inverse n’est pas unique, deux programmes de tomographie ont été utilisés sur les mêmes données pour la même région d’étude à savoir : FAST (First Arrival Seismic Tomography) et Tomo2D. La tomographie a été suivie par une inversion jointe des arrivées réfractées et réfléchies suivant une approche basée sur la combinaison de la migration en profondeur « Kirchhoff » avant sommation (PSDM) des données de sismique réflexion multi-canal (MCS) et la modélisation directe des enregistrements grand-angle sur le fonds marin (OBS). Afin de vérifier la consistance du modèle de la vitesse avec les données gravimétriques, l’anomalie à l'air libre a été modélisée. Les résultats de l’imagerie conduite dans ce travail montrent la structure de la marge, la croûte continentale, la zone de transition continent-océan et la croûte océanique de la Méditerranée. La structure du modèle confirme les études antérieures basées sur des données bathymétriques, gravimétriques et magnétiques. Cette structure montre essentiellement : - un plateau continental étroit et pente continentale une très raide.- l’Expulsion du sel vers le nord impliquant la formation de diapirs au-dessus du flanc nord du bassin (plaine abyssale).- L’approfondissement et l’épaississement des séquences sédimentaires (bassin sédimentaire) près de la marge algérienne. Le modèle de vitesses obtenu et l’épaisseur des différentes unités structurales formant ce modèle apportent des arguments quantitatifs pour enrichir la connaissance de cette partie de la Méditerranée occidentale. Les couches sédimentaires dans le bassin montrent des vitesses sismiques allant de 1,9 km / s à 3,8 km / s. Les formations messéniennes ont été modélisées en utilisant une vitesse située entre 3,7 km / s à 3,8 km / s. La croûte continentale s’amincit sur une bande étroite de la marge dont la distance est d'environ 15 km. La vitesse de la croûte océanique dans cette région présente deux couches distinctes : l’une caractérisée par des vitesses variant de 4,7 km / s à 6.1 et l’autre de 6.2 à 7.1 km / s. La vitesse du manteau supérieur quant à elle a été modélisée par 7,9 km / s. / This thesis has been conducted within the framework of the Algerian-French research cooperation program SPIRAL (Sismique Profonde et Investigations Régionales du Nord de l’Algérie). This project aims to study the deep structure of the Algerian margin. The area covered by this study focuses in the region of Jijel in eastern Algerian margin.The main objective of our thesis is to improve depth imaging of the Algerian margin using a combined approach of seismic techniques; wide-angle and multi- channel seismic data. The purpose of this thesis is to bring new knowledge to answer some questions about the nature of the crust, the area of continental -oceanic transition, the presence of Messinian salt, its distribution and relationship between surface sedimentary formations and crustal structures.This study presents the results of a deep seismic survey across the north Algerian margin, based on the combination of 2D multi-channel and wide-angle seismic data simultaneously recorded by 41 ocean bottom seismometers deployed along a North-South line extending 180 km off Jijel into the Algerian offshore basin, and 25 land stations deployed along a 100 km-long line, cutting through the Lesser Kabylia and the Tellian thrust-belt.In this study, our approach is a joint inversion of wide-angle seismic recordings (OBS, ocean bottom seismometers) and multi- channel seismic data (MCS). We conducted a series of first arrivals tomography, a joint inversion of reflected and refracted arrivals and gravity modelling. Since the solution of the inverse problem is not unique, two tomography programs were applied using the same data for the same study area; FAST (First Arrival Seismic Tomography) and Tomo2D. Tomography was followed by a joint inversion of reflected and refracted arrivals following an approach based on the combination of Kirchhoff prestack depth migration (PSDM) for MCS data and forward modelling of OBS. To check the consistency of the velocity model with gravity data, the free air anomaly was modeled.The final model obtained using forward modelling of the wide-angle data and pre-stack depth migration of the seismic reflection data provides an unprecedented view of the sedimentary and crustal structure of the margin. The sedimentary layers in the Algerian basin are 3.75 km thick to the north and up to 4.5 to 5 km thick at the foot of the margin. They are characterised by seismic velocities from 1.9 km/s to 3.8 km/s. Messinian salt formations are about 1 km thick in the study area, and are modelled and imaged using a velocity between 3.7 km/s to 3.8 km/s. The crust in the deep sea basin is about 4.5 km thick and of oceanic origin, presenting two distinct layers with a high gradient upper crust (4.7 km/s - 6.1 km) and a low gradient lower crust (6.2 km/s - 7.1 km/s). The upper mantle velocity is constrained to 7.9 km/s. The ocean-continent transition zone is very narrow between 15 km to 20 km wide. The continental crust reaches 25 km thickness as imaged from the most landward station and thins to 5 km over a less than 70 km distance. The continental crust presents steep and asymmetric upper and lower crustal geometry, possibly due to either asymmetric rifting of the margin, an underplated body, or flow of lower crustal material towards the ocean basin. Present-time deformation, as imaged from 3 additional seismic profiles, is characterized by an interplay of gravity-driven mobile-salt creep and active thrusting at the foot of the tectonically inverted Algerian margin.
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Enregistrement sédimentaire de l'activité diapirique associée à la ride du Jbel Azourki, Haut Atlas central, Maroc : impact sur la géométrie des dépôts et la distribution des faciès des systèmes carbonatés et mixtes du Jurassique inférieur / Synsedimentary record of diapiric activity related to the Jbel Azourki ridge, Central High Atlas, Morocco : Impact on depositional geometries and facies distribution of the Lower Jurassic carbonate and mixed systemsMalaval, Manon 09 September 2016 (has links)
L’évolution des systèmes sédimentaires jurassiques (Pliensbachien-Bajocien) dans le secteur de Zaouiat-Ahançal (Haut Atlas, Maroc) est localement influencée par des mouvements diapiriques associés à la ride du Jbel Azourki. Cette structure tectonique complexe suit un tracé en baïonnette d’orientation globale OSO-ENE sur près de 60 kilomètres, ponctué par six affleurements de matériel diapirique triasique. L’objectif de cette thèse est de caractériser l’impact du diapirisme sur la géométrie des dépôts et sur la distribution des faciès au sein de trois systèmes de dépôt successifs : (1) un système carbonaté de plate-forme peu profonde (Formations d’Aganane, de Jbel Choucht et d’Assemsouk) (2) des systèmes de rampe mixte silicoclastique et carbonatée (Formations de Tamadout, d’Amezraï, de Tafraout et d’Aguerd-n-Tazoult), (3) et un système carbonaté oolitique (Formation de Bin-El-Ouidane). Une cartographie détaillée des unités stratigraphiques et des unités de faciès, ainsi qu’une série de quatorze coupes géologiques de la ride diapirique du Jbel Azourki ont ainsi été réalisées. L’étude des interactions entre sédimentation et diapirisme révèle un enregistrement continu de la déformation diapirique sur l’ensemble de la série sédimentaire, et a permis d’établir une chronologie de l’activité diapirique dans le secteur de Zaouiat-Ahançal. L’unité des calcaires inférieurs (1) enregistre une déformation polyphasée marquée par le développement localisé, au sein de la plate-forme, de bassins d’extension kilométrique caractérisés par une sédimentation hémipélagique et gravitaire (rim basins). Ces bassins circonscrits aux diapirs sont limités par des bordures de plate-forme bioconstruites à Lithiotis, de type aggradant ou érosif. À partir du Pliensbachien terminal, les déformations syndiapiriques se manifestent dans les unités mixtes (2), d’une part à l’échelle plurikilométrique avec l’accumulation de plusieurs milliers de mètres de dépôts, contrôlée par la variation latérale du taux de subsidence entre et au sein des compartiments nord et sud de la ride, et d’autre part à l’échelle hectométrique de la bordure du diapir avec des géométries caractéristiques et des variations de faciès (micro plates-formes à oolites et coraux). La ride diapirique perce en surface pendant le dépôt des unités mixtes, puis est recouverte par l’unité transgressive peu déformée des calcaires supérieurs (3) à l’Aalénien terminal. Les paramètres de contrôle de la géométrie des dépôts et de la distribution des faciès autour de la ride diapirique du Jbel Azourki correspondent aux variations locales de subsidence liées aux mouvements de la couche de sel en profondeur, au taux de sédimentation et à leur rapport relatif. Ils s’inscrivent dans un contexte tectonique régional, et climatique global, qui définit l’accommodation générale et le type de remplissage sédimentaire du bassin atlasique. Le type de sédimentation, carbonatée ou mixte, joue un rôle prépondérant dans ces manifestations tectono-sédimentaires. / The evolution of the Jurassic sedimentary systems (Pliensbachian-Bajocian) in Zaouiat-Ahançal area (High Atlas, Morocco) is locally controlled by diapiric movements related to the Jbel Azourki ridge. This nearly-60-kilometer-long complex tectonic structure follows an overall WSW-ENE “bayonet-shape” outline, punctuated by six Triassic diapiric outcrops. The aim of this thesis is to characterize the role of diapirism on depositional geometries and facies distribution in three successive sedimentary systems: (1) a shallow-carbonate platform system, (2) mixed siliciclastic- and carbonate-ramp systems and (3) an oolitic-carbonate system. Therefore, a detailed geological map with the stratigraphic and facies units has been realized, as well as a set of fourteen geological sections across the Jbel Azourki diapiric ridge. The analysis of the interactions between sedimentation and diapirism has revealed a continuous recording of diapiric deformation by the entire sedimentary succession, allowing the establishment of a chronology of diapiric activity in the Zaouiat-Ahançal area. The lower-carbonate unit (1) records a polyphase deformation with the development of localized kilometer-scale basins within the platform, characterized by hemipelagic and gravity-flow deposits (rim basins). These basins are confined around the diapirs and bounded by Lithiotis-bioconstructed platform margins, which can be aggradational or erosional. From the late Pliensbachian, the mixed units (2) were affected firstly by syn-diapiric deformations at a pluri-kilometer scale, with the accumulation of several thousand-meter-thick deposits, controlled by lateral variations of the subsidence rate in and between the northern and southern flanks of the ridge, and secondly by syn-diapiric deformations at a hectometer- “diapir-edge” scale, with characteristic geometries and facies variations (oolite- and coral-rich micro platforms). The diapiric ridge reached the surface during the deposition of the mixed units and was finally capped by slightly deformed transgressive upper-carbonate unit (3) in the late Aalenian. The controlling factors on depositional geometries and facies distribution around the Jbel Azourki diapiric ridge are the local variations of the subsidence rate related to salt-movement, the sedimentation rate, and their relative ratio. They are part of the regional tectonic and global climate settings which defined the overall accommodation rate and the sedimentary filling of the atlasic basin. The type of sedimentation, carbonate- or mixed-dominated, played a major role in these tectonic-sedimentary responses.
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Avaliação da segurança da operação de sistemas elétricos de potência considerando os limites de estabilidade angular e de tensão / Operation security assessment of electric power systems by considering the angle and voltage stability limitsMariotto, Lenois 22 February 2008 (has links)
This work presents new analytical and computational methods for operation security assessment of electric power systems by considering Angle and Voltage Stability Limits. In the context of Angle Stability, it was developed a method for estimating transient security margins based on equivalent network reduction techniques and coherent generators. The angle speed deviation was the criterion used to identify generators that swing together. The reduced order was accomplished by replacing two clusters of coherent generators by an One-Machine Infinite Bus equivalent system. With this equivalent, critical fault clearing times and security margins are calculated with the aid of the Equal Area Criterion. The results were in a good agreement when compared with others methods, especially those based on Transient Energy Function used as a Lyapunov function. The method was also applied for estimating security margins and critical fault clearing times of power systems in the presence of wind power generation. It was demonstrated that the proposed method can be used to select critical contingencies, where detailed power system models are needed such that it can reproduce the actual behavior of the system. With respect to Voltage Stability, it was developed an analytical and computational method for steady state voltage stability analysis on a P-Q plane. First of all, it was applied on a simple two-bus power system, and the analytical and computational results were compared. Then, a Voltage Stability Index was derived, in order to obtain the security margins of each bus for any operational state of an n-bus power system. It was carried out by using a power
system reduction technique. With the Voltage Stability Index, it is possible to identify critical buses and the regions that are prone to voltage collapse. The voltage stability limits of a distribution power system was also analyzed by means of the P-Q curves, by considering different operation scenarios of wind power generation. It was demonstrated that the wind power can contribute to improve the voltage security margins. Finally, the method was applied to a real power system of Companhia Estadual de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica, in the presence of wind power generation. The methods are computationally efficient and suitable for planning, operation and real-time operation of electric power systems. / Este trabalho apresenta novos métodos analíticos e computacionais para a avaliação da segurança da operação de sistemas elétricos de potência considerando os Limites de Estabilidade Angular e de Tensão. No tema Estabilidade Angular, desenvolveu-se um método para a estimativa de
margens de segurança transitória baseado em técnicas de redução de redes e geradores coerentes. O desvio de velocidade angular foi o critério usado para identificar geradores que oscilam juntos. A redução foi realizada substituindo-se dois grupos de geradores coerentes por um sistema Equivalente Máquina-Barra Infinita. Com este equivalente, os tempos críticos de abertura de falta e as margens de segurança são calculados com auxílio do Critério das Áreas Iguais. Os resultados encontrados foram
muito satisfatórios quando comparados com aqueles obtidos por outros métodos, especialmente os que utilizam a função energia como função de Lyapunov. O método também foi aplicado para a estimativa de margens de segurança e tempos críticos de abertura de falta, em sistemas de potência na presença de geração eólica. Foi demonstrado que o método proposto é capaz de selecionar contingências críticas que precisam ser estudadas com modelos completos de modo a reproduzir o comportamento real do sistema elétrico. Com relação à Estabilidade Tensão, foi desenvolvido um método analítico e computacional para análise de estabilidade estática de tensão no plano P-Q. Primeiramente, o método foi aplicado em um sistema de potência simples com duas barras, e os resultados analíticos e computacionais foram comparados. Então, um Índice de Estabilidade de Tensão foi deduzido, para
determinar a margem de segurança de cada barra para qualquer estado de operação de um sistema de potência com n-barras. Com o Índice de Estabilidade de Tensão, é possível identificar barras críticas e regiões com tendência ao colapso de tensão. Os limites de estabilidade de tensão de um sistema de distribuição foram analisados através das curvas P-Q , no qual foram considerados diferentes cenários de operação da geração eólica. Deste modo, foi demonstrado que a geração eólica pode contribuir para melhorar as margens de segurança de tensão. Finalmente, o método foi aplicado em um sistema de potência real pertencente à Companhia Estadual de Distribuição de Energia Elétrica. Os métodos desenvolvidos são computacionalmente eficientes e adequados para o planejamento da expansão e operação, bem como na operação em tempo real dos sistemas elétricos de potência.
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Dopad spotřeby domácností na životní prostředí / Envirnomental impact of household consumptionMach, Radomír January 2021 (has links)
The main goal of this dissertation thesis is to quantify the environmental burden associated with household consumption in the Czech Republic. Emissions of three groups of gases were selected to express the burden on the environment, namely emissions causing climate change, acidification and the formation of photosmog. These emissions arise from the consumption of fuels in households, and they are usually referred to as direct household emissions. Or they arise in the production and distribution of goods and services, and they are usually referred to as indirect household emissions. Although indirect emissions come from combustion in energy production and other industrial processes and agricultural activities, not from households, they are a consequence of household demand for final products. Therefore, such emissions are considered to be a consequence of household consumption. The resulting emission values are given for the average household and households divided into expenditure deciles. Emissions increase with expenditure per household member in total consumption and in individual consumption groups across all deciles. In the case of climate change-related emissions, more than half come from heating (41%) and electricity (21%). For acidification, heating (31%) and food (24%) are the dominant...
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Arable Plant Diversity on Gotland, SwedenÖrnberg, Rebecca January 2023 (has links)
Arable plant species diversity has been on a decline, with many species dependent on arable land becoming threatened. At the same time, attempts at defining the drivers of arable plant diversity have proven difficult and results are often contradictory. Much of the available data come from surveys that are small-scale and with great variability in methodology, leading to difficulties comparing them. In this study, I have used survey data from Gotland to examine how arable plant diversity is influenced by management, field size, soil texture and standing crop. I found a negative trend of diversity with increasing field size, and a suggested effect of management and soil texture on the presence of red listed arable plants. This study also evaluates the use of small datasets when examining plant diversity, and the limitations associated with it. It shows that while a small dataset cannot be analysed to the extent a more comprehensive one can, it is possible to identify trends and patterns with it, which may inform further studies.
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The Monster In My ClosetNeves, Mariana January 2024 (has links)
In waking life, in dreams. As Leonor attends the last year of catholic school in Leiria, Portugal, a new girl joins the class, and Rita is plagued by visions of a dragon following her relentlessly. The Monster in My Closet is a graphic novel about confronting one’s inner demons against the backdrop of a wider belief system. It depicts a journey of acceptance and realization of one’s queerness while living in a conservative, Catholic city; wrestling with lack of references, teenage insecurities, internalized homophobia, compulsive heterosexuality, and religious upbringing. The comics draw inspiration from medieval illuminations and marginalia, subverting Christian aesthetics by exploring the tension between the Word of God and the margins, insiders and outsiders, heteronormativity and queerness, and the process of othering. / <p>Mariana Neves</p><p>Artist Name: <strong>Mariana Sou</strong></p>
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