Syftet med studien är att utforska hur socialsekreterare uppfattar sin maktposition i arbetet inom missbruksvården och att analysera maktpositionen med stöd av Michel Foucaults maktperspektiv. Metoden för studien har varit en kvalitativ intervjustudie med tematisk analys. Resultatet har synliggjort socialsekreterares förhållningssätt till makten i myndighetsutövningen och i mötet med klienter inom missbruksvården. Utöver det har det framkommit flera maktaspekter som är av relevans för myndighetsutövning inom missbruksvården. / The purpose of this study is to explore how social service workers perceive their position of power in their work in substance abuse care and analyze the power relations with support from Michel Foucault’s power perspective. The method of the study has been a qualitative interview study with thematic analysis. The result has made visible social service workers approach to power in exercise of authority and in meetings with clients in the substance abuse care. Beyond that it has shown several power aspects which are of importance for the exercise of authority within substance abuse care.

The aim of this study was to investigate how subjection to violence and perpetrator’s substance abuse are related to violence against women in intimate relationships. This has been carried out using semi-structured interviews with professional women who work in women's shelters. A total of six interviews were conducted which then were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. To summarize, this study has shown that a partner's abuse can have a significant impact on the woman’s exposure to violence. However, the women's shelters’ treatment towards the woman is not affected if her male partner is a drug abuser. Important conclusions for this study are that the same normalization processes characterize the violent relationship regardless of whether the man abuses drugs or not. However, partner’s substance abuse worsens the violence leading to the woman assuming that the general treatment towards her will be affected. / Denna studie syftade till att undersöka hur våldsutsatthet och våldsutövarens missbruk hänger samman med mäns våld mot kvinnor i en nära relation. Detta har genomförts med hjälp avsemistrukturerade intervjuer med yrkesverksamma kvinnor som arbetar på kvinnojourer. Totalt har 6 intervjuer genomförts som sedan transkriberats och analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys. Sammanfattningsvis har denna studie visat att partnerns missbruk kan ha betydelse för kvinnans våldsutsatthet i en nära relation. Dock påverkas inte kvinnojourernas bemötande av kvinnan om våldsutövaren missbrukar. Viktiga slutsatser för denna studie är att samma normaliseringsprocesser präglar det våldsamma förhållandet oavsett om mannen missbrukar eller inte. Dock förvärras våldet av partnerns missbruk samtidigt som kvinnan utgår ifrån att det generella bemötandet påverkas.

Syftet med denna uppsats var att ge en bild av kunskapsläget kring våld i nära relationer och då specifikt det våld som drabbar kvinnor i relationer med män. I fokus för uppsatsen hamnade forskningsfrågorna varför kvinnor stannar i parrelationer där våld förekommer och vad som möjliggör för kvinnor att lämna en relation där våld förekommer. Studier baserade på kvalitativa intervjuer med respondenter som har erfarenhet av våld i nära relation analyserades. Som utgångspunkt för att tolka resultaten, antogs tre olika teoretiska perspektiv vilka var följande: normaliseringsprocessen, uppbrottsprocessen och ett intersektionellt perspektiv. Genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys, utröntes de tre olika teman: resurser, kultur, samt makt och normalisering. Faktorerna som påverkar våldsutsatta kvinnors beslut att stanna i eller lämna en våldsam relation, visade sig bland annat kunna vara resurser i form av utbildning, ekonomi, materiellt och emotionellt stöd från samhällets instanser, frivilligorganisationer samt stöd från nära vänner och familj. Kulturella övertygelser och känslomässig förbindelse till förövaren visade sig också vara påverkande faktorer. Slutsatser som kunde dras från denna uppsats var att stödet som erbjuds kvinnorna är en grundförutsättning, samt det viktiga arbetet att informera om det stöd som finns och vart den utsatta kan vända sig. Det går sedan inte att påskynda kvinnans process att lämna, utan det måste vara kvinnas eget beslut då kvinnan är redo. / The purpose of this essay was to provide an image of the state of knowledge regarding violence in intimate relationships and specifically the violence that affects women in relationships with men. The essay focused on the research questions why women stay in couple relationships where violence occurs and what makes it possible for women to leave a relationship where violence occurs. Studies based on qualitative interviews who have experience of violence in a close relationship were analyzed.  As a starting point for interpreting the results, three different perspectives were adopted which were the following: the normalization process, the break- up process and an intersectional perspective. Through a qualitative content analysis, the three different themes of resources, culture and power and normalization were found. The factors that influence the abused women´s decision to stay in or leave a violent relationship were found to be, among other things, resources in the form of education, finances, material and emotional support from both society´s bodies, voluntary organizations as well as support from close friends and family. Cultural beliefs and emotional connection to the perpetrator were also found to be influencing factors. Conclusions that could be drawn from this essay were that the support offered to women is a basic prerequisite, as well as the important work of informing about the support that is available and where the vulnerable can turn. It is then not possible to speed up the woman´s process of leaving, it must be the woman´s own decision when the woman is ready.

Genom narrativ analys av fyra berättelser undersöker denna studie så kallade glasbarns levda erfarenheter av deras uppväxt med deras syskon. Syftet med studien är att vidga förståelsen av hur barn påverkas av att växa upp med ett syskon med omfattande vårdbehov orsakat av funktionsnedsättning eller sjukdom. Den narrativa analysen har skett i tre steg: 1) enskild analys av var berättelse; 2) identifiering av huvudnarrativ, och 3) analys av huvudnarrativ. Den narrativa analysen grundade sig framför allt i poststrukturalistisk narrativ teori, men med en antagen utgångspunkt i socialkonstruktivism.  Analysprocessen resulterade i två huvudnarrativ: normalisering och internalisering av sociala roller. Dessa huvudnarrativ kunde sedan brytas ned i underteman som skildrar narrativens komplexitet och nyans. Under normalisering identifierades undertemana: normalisera för samhället; vem hade personen kunnat vara?, och; att passa in i det normativa. Narrativet om internalisering av sociala roller kunder brytas ned i undertemana: att navigera tilldelade sociala roller; att känna ansvar och skuld, och; svårighet med att skapa egen identitet. Slutsatser som dras är att glasbarn har en tudelad relation till normer och normalisering och att tilldelade sociala roller tillsammans med förväntningar, skuld och ansvar hämmar deras förmåga till identitetsskapande. / Through a narrative analysis of four stories, this study examines the lived experiences of so-called "glass children" during their upbringing with a sibling. The objective is to enhance the understanding of how children are affected by growing up with a sibling requiring high care due to disability or illness. The narrative analysis involves three steps: 1) analysing each story; 2) identifying main narratives; and 3) analysing main narratives. The narrative analysis is rooted in poststructuralist narrative theory but grounded in social constructivism. The analysis yielded two main narratives: normalization and internalization of social roles. Themes capturing the complexity and nuance of these narratives could be extracted. From the normalization narrative, the following themes emerged: normalization for society; envisioning an alternative identity, and; conforming to societal norms. The internalization of social roles narrative could be subdivided into: navigating assigned social roles; feeling responsibility and guilt; and struggling with self-identity. The conclusions drawn suggest that glass children have a complex relationship with norms and normalization, and that assigned roles, coupled with expectations, guilt, and responsibility, impede the ability to develop a sense of identity.

No description available.

Homotopy Type Theory (HoTT) is a quite recent branch of research in mathematical logic, which provides interesting connections among various areas of mathematics. It was first introduced by Vladimir Voevodsky as a means to develop synthetic homotopy theory, and further advancements suggested that it can be used as a formal foundation to mathematics. Among its notable features, inductive and higher inductive types are of great interest, e.g. allowing for the study of geometric entities (such as spheres) in the setting of HoTT. However, so far in most of the literature higher inductive types are treated in an ad-hoc way; there is no easy general schema stating what an higher inductive type is, thus hindering the study of the related proof theory. Moreover, although Martin-Löf Type Theory has been deeply and widely studied, many proof theoretic results about its specific variant used in HoTT are folklore, and the proofs are missing. In this final talk, we provide an overview on some results we obtained, aiming to address these problems. In the first part of the talk, we will discuss a normalization theorem for the type theory underlying HoTT. In the second part of the talk we will propose a general syntax schema to encapsulate a relevant class of higher inductive types, potentially allowing for future study of the proof theory of HoTT enriched with such types.

Le recrutement des leucocytes dans les tissus est un processus courant dans toutes les maladies inflammatoires de l'adulte. Celui-ci est médié par des interactions de haute affinité entre les molécules d'adhésion endothéliales à la surface des vaisseaux sanguins et leurs ligands sur les cellules immunitaires circulantes. Ce processus implique une multitude de molécules telles que ICAM1, VCAM1 et les sélectines pour soutenir la « capture » des cellules immunitaires et leur extravasation à travers les cellules endothéliales vasculaires. Nos résultats préliminaires suggèrent que le récepteur ALK1, exprimé spécifiquement sur les cellules endothéliales, pourrait réguler l'expression de ces molécules d'adhésion. Pour examiner l'impact de la signalisation ALK1 sur le recrutement des cellules immunitaires, nous avons utilisé des lignées de cellules endothéliales siALK1 (HUVECs) traitées avec du lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pour induire un processus inflammatoire. Tout d'abord, l'expression des gènes, examinée par Ampliseq, a montré une diminution significative de l'expression de ICAM1, VCAM1 et E-sélectine dans les HUVECs siALK1 par rapport au contrôle. De plus, l'analyse par cytométrie en flux a démontré que l'expression des protéines d'adhésion augmentent dans les cellules traitées avec du LPS, mais que cet effet est atténué dans les cellules endothéliales dépourvues d'ALK1. De plus, nous avons observé que le p38 phosphorylé, un facteur qui joue un rôle clé dans le processus inflammatoire, est diminué dans les cellules siALK1. Enfin, pour étudier les conséquences fonctionnelles de la délétion d'ALK1 sur les interactions leucocytes/cellules endothéliales, un test d'adhésion en flux est réalisé, dans lequel les leucocytes circulent sur les cellules endothéliales et l'extravasation des cellules immunitaires est observée au microscope. Les résultats ont montré une diminution de l'infiltration des leucocytes dans les HUVECs siALK1 par rapport aux témoins. En conclusion, nos données démontrent qu'ALK1 a un impact majeur sur le recrutement des leucocytes vers l'endothélium par l'expression de protéines d'adhésion ainsi que par la normalisation vasculaire. Ce projet contribue à une meilleure compréhension de l'interaction entre les leucocytes et l'endothélium vasculaire. / Leukocyte recruitment into tissues is a common process in all adult inflammatory diseases. This is mediated by high affinity interactions between endothelial adhesion molecules and their counter receptor ligands on circulating immune cells. This process involves a multitude of molecules such as ICAM1, VCAM1 and selectins to support the "capture’’ of immune cells and their extravasation through vascular endothelial cells. Our preliminary results suggest that ALK1 receptor, expressed specifically on endothelial cells, could regulate the expression of these adhesion molecules. To examine the impact of ALK1 signaling on immune cells recruitment, we used siALK1 endothelial cell lines (HUVECs) treated with LPS (Lipopolysaccharide) to induce an inflammatory process. First, gene expression, examined by Ampliseq, showed a significant decrease in ICAM1, VCAM1 and E-selectin expression in siALK1 HUVECs compared to control. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that adhesion protein expression increases in control cells treated with LPS, but that this effect is lessened in endothelial cells lacking ALK1. Moreover, we observed that phosphorylated p38, a factor that plays a key role in inflammatory process, is decreased in siAlk1 cells. Finally, to study the functional consequences of ALK1 deletion on leukocyte/endothelial cells interactions, a flow adhesion assay is performed, in which leukocytes circulate on endothelial cells and extravasation of immune cells is observed under a microscope. The results showed decreased leukocyte infiltration in siALK1 HUVECs compared to controls. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that ALK1 has a major impact on leukocyte recruitment to the endothelium through the expression of adhesion proteins and the vascular normalization. This project contributes to a better understanding of the interaction of leukocytes and the vascular endothelium.

[pt] A atividade hoteleira, a exemplo de qualquer atividade empresarial, resguarda uma relação direta com os aspectos de desenvolvimento ambiental, social e econômico. Trata-se de um segmento com elevado potencial para contribuir positivamente com a comunidade local na qual está inserido a partir da consideração dos diferentes stakeholders na política de sustentabilidade das empresas. Logo, a atuação de um hotel de forma consciente e sustentável, a partir de preocupações sociais e da correta utilização dos recursos naturais disponíveis, contribuirá para o bem-estar das próximas gerações. Sendo assim, o estudo discorre sobre o conceito de sustentabilidade, sua respectiva inserção na estratégia de empresas e a adoção de ações relacionadas ao conceito de Triple Bottom Line. O presente trabalho pauta-se em dois estudos de caso de hotéis brasileiros que possuem algum tipo de certificação de sustentabilidade e visa compreender quais são os fatores motivadores para a adoção de ações sustentáveis por parte desses hotéis e os respectivos fatores facilitadores e barreiras para adoção de tais práticas. Foram utilizados como referência teórica estudos de hotéis, tanto no Brasil como no exterior. Os resultados da pesquisa realizada com os dois hotéis, comparativamente com outros estudos publicados, apresentam relatos variados para a adoção pela empresa de práticas de sustentabilidade. As motivações variam desde alinhamento aos valores e vocação do hotel até aspectos financeiros para ampliação de ganhos. As práticas ambientais adotadas apresentaram semelhança entre os casos analisados e estudos publicados, considerando o caráter de padronização existente em processos de certificação. / [en] The hospitality industry, like any other business segment, is directly related to the environmental, social and economic development aspects. This segment has a high potential to contribute positively with the local community in which it is inserted when the different stakeholders are considered in the sustainability companies policy. Therefore, the performance of a hotel in a conscious and sustainable way, based on social concerns and the correct use of the available natural resources, will contribute to the well-being of the next generations. Thus, this study discusses the sustainability concept, its respective insertion in the companies strategy and the adoption of practices related to the concept of the Triple Bottom Line. The present study is based on two case studies of Brazilian hotels with sustainability certifications and aims to understand the motivating factors for the adoption of sustainable practices by hotels and the respective facilitating factors and barriers for the adoption of such practices. We used as theoretical reference studies of hotels, both in Brazil and abroad. When compared to other published studies, the results of the research carried out with the two hotels present different narratives that justify the company s adoption of sustainability practices. The motivations range from alignment to hotel values and vocation to financial aspects to increase earnings. The adopted environmental practices presented similarity between the analyzed cases and published studies, considering the character of standardization existing in certification processes.

Den digitala omvandlingen har förändrat reklambranschen och konsumtionsbeteenden. Nästan alla internetanvändare i Sverige använder sociala medier, och Instagram har blivit en central plattform för visuell marknadsföring. Samtidigt har konsumtionen av energidrycker ökat markant, vilket har väckt oro kring potentiella hälsorisker i samband med konsumtion.  Denna studie undersöker genom en kvantitativ innehållsanalys hur svenska energidrycksföretag marknadsför sina produkter visuellt på Instagram. Syftet är att identifiera framträdande budskap och strategier för normalisering genom analys av visuella innehållselement, visuella attribut och hur hälsobudskap integreras i marknadsföringen. Undersökningen utförs genom en analys av instagramkontona för Nocco, Celsius, Clean drink och Latitude 65. Dessa företag har valts ut på grund dess väletablerade position på marknaden. Genom att analysera 30 bilder från respektive företag, strävar studien efter att ge en representativ översikt av företagens visuella strategier på Instagram. Sammanlagt omfattar urvalet 120 analysenheter.  För att besvara syftet ämnar studien att besvara följande tre forskningsfrågor:  Vilka typer av visuella innehållselement (produktbilder, livsstilsbilder, användargenererat innehåll,  etc. som används för att skapa en viss upplevelse eller kommunicera ett budskap till målgruppen)  speglar normaliseringen av energidryckkonsumtion? Vilka visuella attribut (färger, former, mönster och andra visuella element) är vanligast  förekommande i marknadsföringen av svenska energidrycker på Instagram? Hur integreras hälsobudskap eller varningar om energidrycker visuellt i marknadsföringsinnehållet på  Instagram?  Studien bygger på en teoretisk ram bestående av normaliseringsteorin, the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (ELM) och social identity theory för att ge en djupare förståelse för fenomenet och dess implikationer. Normaliseringsteorin utforskar processen genom vilka beteenden och normer som blir vanliga och accepterade i samhället. Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) förklarar hur människor förhåller sig till och påverkas av övertygande budskap, medan social identity theory undersöker hur individers självbild och tillhörighet till olika grupper formar deras attityder och handlingar.  Tidigare forskning från olika källor, såsom Martin (2009), Schroeder (2005) och Lopez Frias (2020) används också för att fördjupa förståelsen för fenomenet ytterligare. Dessa studier har visat att visuell kommunikation spelar en central roll i marknadsföring och att energidrycksföretag ofta riktar sin marknadsföring mot unga via digitala plattformar, vilket kan påverka deras hälsoperspektiv och konsumtionsbeteende. 4 Resultaten av genomförd undersökning visar på en dominerande närvaro av energidrycker i bilderna som publicerats, ofta åtföljda av personer eller influencers för att normalisera konsumtionen och skapa en relationell koppling till målgruppen. Genom att framhäva starka färger i bilderna fångar företagen uppmärksamhet, medan bristen på tydliga hälsobudskap kan bidra till upprätthållandet av en positiv bild av produkterna. / The digital transformation has altered the advertising industry and consumer behaviors. Nearly all internet users in Sweden utilize social media, and Instagram has become a central platform for visual marketing. Concurrently, the consumption of energy drinks has significantly increased, raising concerns regarding potential health risks associated with consumption.  This study examines, through a quantitative content analysis, how Swedish energy drink companies visually market their products on Instagram. The aim is to identify prominent messages and normalization strategies through the analysis of visual content elements, visual attributes, and how health messages are integrated into marketing. The investigation is conducted by analyzing the Instagram accounts of Nocco, Celsius, Clean drink, and Latitude 65. These companies have been selected due to their well-established market position. By analyzing 30 images from each company, the study aims to provide a representative overview of the companies' visual strategies on Instagram. The total sample comprises 120 analysis units.  To address the aim, the study intends to answer the following three research questions:  What types of visual content elements (product images, lifestyle images, user-generated content, etc.,  used to create a particular experience or communicate a message to the audience) reflect the  normalization of energy drink consumption? What visual attributes (colors, shapes, patterns, and other visual elements) are most commonly  present in the marketing of Swedish energy drinks on Instagram? How are health messages or warnings about energy drinks visually integrated into marketing content  on Instagram?  The study is based on a theoretical framework consisting of normalization theory, the elaboration likelihood model of persuasion (ELM), and social identity theory to provide a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and its implications. Normalization theory explores the process through which behaviors and norms become common and accepted in society. The Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) explains how people engage with and are influenced by persuasive messages, while social identity theory examines how individuals' self-image and belonging to different groups shape their attitudes and actions.  Previous research from various sources, such as Martin (2009), Schroeder (2005), and Lopez Frias (2020), is also utilized to further deepen the understanding of the phenomenon. These studies have demonstrated that visual communication plays a central role in marketing and that energy drink companies often target their marketing towards young people via digital platforms, which can influence their health perspectives and consumption behavior. 6 The results of the conducted investigation indicate a dominant presence of energy drinks in the published images, often accompanied by individuals or influencers to normalize consumption and establish a relational connection with the audience. By highlighting strong colors in the images, companies capture attention, while the lack of clear health messages may contribute to maintaining a positive image of the products.

Die Normalisierung der Ungleichheit in Oaxaca, Mexiko, ist ein Prozess, der sich seit der Kolonialzeit entwickelt hat, als Konzepte wie Rasse die bestehende soziale Trennung zwischen Europäern und indigenen Gemeinschaften definierten. Diese Entwicklung setzte sich in der postkolonialen Ära fort, wo die Marginalisierung gefährdeter Gruppen bis in die Gegenwart andauert. Im modernen Mexiko haben die politischen und wirtschaftlichen Eliten verschiedene Mechanismen der Ungleichheit entwickelt, die die soziale Mobilität der schwächsten Bevölkerungsgruppen einschränken. Daher werden in dieser Fallstudie drei wichtige Mechanismen auf verschiedenen Ebenen identifiziert. Der erste wird als subnationaler Autoritarismus bezeichnet und zeigt, wie verschiedene Strategien, z. B. das Aufbrechen sozialer Bindungen, es den Eliten ermöglichen, ihre Macht zu konsolidieren und klare Grenzen zwischen den sozialen Klassen zu ziehen. Der andere Mechanismus sind die Sozialprogramme, die zu Veränderungen in den Praktiken der Menschen führen, die Zugang zu ihnen haben, und individualistische Praktiken fördern, die auch dem Erwerb von Sozialkapital schaden. Schließlich wird der Familienindividualismus identifiziert, dessen Hauptziel darin besteht, das Wohlergehen der Menschen innerhalb des Familienkerns zu sichern, aber außerhalb des Familienkerns ist die Schaffung anderer Arten von Kapital aufgrund des Fehlens schwacher Bindungen und der Produktion anderer Arten von Kapital schwierig. Diese Mechanismen haben nicht nur Auswirkungen auf die Alltagspraktiken, sondern auch auf die Herausbildung eines Habitus bei den Menschen in Zaachila Oriente. / The normalization of inequality in Oaxaca, Mexico has been a process that has been developing since colonial times, where concepts such as race defined the existing social division between Europeans and Indigenous communities. This later moved into the post-colonial era where marginalization of vulnerable groups continued into the present day. During modern Mexico, political and economic elites have designed different mechanisms of inequality that restricts social mobility for the most vulnerable classes. Therefore, this cases study identifies three important mechanisms at different scales. The first is named subnational authoritarianism and it shows how different strategies, such as the rupture of social ties, allow elites to consolidate power and establish clear limits among social classes. The other mechanism identified are the social programs, these lead to changes in the practices of the people who have access to them and encourage individualistic practices that also harm the acquisition of social capital. Finally, family individualism is identified, the main objective is to safeguard the welfare of people within the family core, but outside the family nucleus, the creation of other types of capital is difficult due to the absence of weak ties and the production of different types of capital. These mechanisms have implications not only for everyday practices but also for the production of habitus within the people in Zaachila Oriente.