A partir do atendimento de um caso de tentativa de infanticídio, buscou-se discutir algumas das condições para a construção da função materna. Entre as possíveis formas de se abordar um caso em pesquisa, optou-se pela construção de caso, privilegiando um olhar que parte da clínica, na qual entendemos fundar-se a descoberta psicanalítica em sua vocação de retroalimentar a teoria. Foram privilegiados três eixos: a experiência corporal, o lugar do sujeito e o laço social. Para tal, trabalharam-se estes aspectos: o percurso histórico antecedente ao que se entende hoje por maternidade, incluindo-se a psicanálise no seu início, os diferentes discursos sobre o corpo que desembocam no discurso médico, conforme proposto por Clavreul, e as questões do laço social na constituição da função materna, a partir do conceito de contrato narcisista de Piera Aulagnier. Dessa forma, pôde-se apontar como a função materna é atravessada pela lógica dessubjetivante da contemporaneidade e, ao mesmo tempo, reafirma-se a escuta do sujeito como condição para a superação dos impasses da atualidade / From the discussion of a case of attempted infanticide, we tried to discuss some of the conditions for the construction of the maternal role. Among the possible ways to approach a case in research, we chose to build a case, favoring a look that starts from the clinic, in which we understand is the base of the psychoanalytic discovery in its vocation to provide feedback for theory. Three main aspects were privileged: a bodily experience, the place of the subject and the social bond. To this end, these aspects have been worked up: the historical background antecedent to what is meant by motherhood today, including psychoanalysis in its early stages, the different discourses on the body leading into the medical discourse as proposed by Clavreul, and issues of the social bond in the constitution of the maternal role, from the concept of narcissistic contract of Piera Aulagnier. Thus, one could point out how the maternal role is crossed by the deconstructive logic of the subjective of contemporaneity and at the same time reaffirming the listening to the subject as a condition for overcoming the impasses of the present

Cette recherche doctorale est dans la continuité de nos précédents travaux. Après avoir étudié l’investissement de l’enfant à naître suite à une conception médicalisée, dans un contexte d’infertilité féminine, nous nous sommes intéressées au passage du conjugal au parental, au risque d’une « parentalité médicalement assistée ». Les résultats de ses deux premières recherches ont montré l’impact du diagnostic d’infertilité féminine, et de sa prise en charge, sur la psyché des femmes, sur la conjugalité et sur le devenir parent. Pour cette thèse nous avons souhaité changer notre regard afin de le porter sur les enfants nés de mère infertiles, en questionnant leur construction subjective au regard d’un tel contexte. Nous avons fait le choix de penser, plus particulièrement le devenir des jeunes femmes nées de mères infertiles, à travers la question de la spécificité du lien mère/fille au sein des processus de subjectivation et de la transmission d’un féminin maternel blessé par un diagnostic d’infertilité. L’appropriation subjective de l’histoire conceptionnelle étant alors au centre de cette recherche nous avons élaboré une méthodologie de type qualitative à partir du récit conceptionnel que nous avons souhaité mettre à l’épreuve dans ce contexte. Le peu de travaux concernant les enfants « nés de » nous ont amenés à conduire une recherche exploratoire s’inscrivant au sein du paradigme subjectiviste, dans un cadre d’orientation psychanalytique. Nous questionnons ainsi l’impact de l’histoire conceptionnelle sur les processus de subjectivation, la construction identitaire, et la narrativité des jeunes femmes nées de mère infertile. Si les résultats montrent que nous ne pouvons nier l’impact de l’histoire conceptionnelle sur la construction du sujet, ils ont révélé aussi que nous ne pouvions faire l’économie de penser l’influence du vécu maternel de cette histoire et du discours –ou du silence- qui l’entoure. / This doctoral research is in the continuity of our previous ones. After having studied the investment of the unborn child following a medically assisted procreation, we were interested in the becoming parents in this context. Results have shown how the women psyche, the couple and the becoming parents are impacted by the diagnosis of infertility and then its medical care. The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to focus on the child born of infertile mother, questioning their identity construction. We decided to study, particularly, the young women born of infertile mothers across the specific mother/daughter relationship and the feminine transmission injured by the infertility. The psychical working through of the conceptional story is at the center of this research. The sparsely amount of studies, regarding children born of infertile mother, led us to conduct an explorative research on this specific topic. So we elaborated, in a psychoanalytical framework a qualitative methodology based on the conceptional narrative approach, in order to test it in this context. Thus, we questioned the impact of the conceptional story upon the process of subjectivization, the identity construction, and the narrativity. If the results show that we cannot deny the impact of conceptional story on individual construction, they also reveal that we have to take in consideration the subjective maternal experience of the infertility and its medical care, more to the point the story she tells, or not, about it.

Au regard du fait que le père soit toujours incertain, nous avons tenté de saisir comment se fait l’appropriation psychique de la paternité des hommes français et turcs de France, dans le monde contemporain. Dans cet objectif, nous avons tenté de recueillir les ressentis, attentes ainsi que les marqueurs du devenir père, au fil de la période périnatale. Nous avons procédé, au travers de paroles singulières d’hommes devenant père, à ce recueil de données. Nous avons observé que la conjointe amorce le processus amenant à la paternaliité lors de l’annonce de sa grossesse. Le rapport imaginaire de ces hommes à l’enfant va forger cette construction mais également tous les protagonistes avec lesquels ils seront en contact. Le remboursement de la dette symbolique est le moteur de cette construction. En effet, le père par les signifiants qui lui sont propres, créé son rapport particulier au père. La langue dans laquelle il s’inscrit y joue un rôle : le père est éminemment un produit culturel. / Given that the father is always uncertain, we tried to understand what drive French men and Turkish men from France to claim ownership of psychic fatherhood, in the contemporary world. In order to achieve this, we attempt to collect inner feelings, expectations as well as father becoming’s indicators, throughout the perinatality period. We proceed by data collection by way of singular talks of men who are in the process of becoming-father. We observed that wife primes the process leading to fatherhood at the time of the announcement of pregnancy. The imaginary link of these men to the child will forge this construction but also every protagonists with whom they will be in contact. The symbolic debt’s refund is the driving force of this construction. Indeed, the father with his own signifiers, creates a personal relation of father. The language in which he comes within plays a role : the father is eminently a cultural product.

A partir do atendimento de um caso de tentativa de infanticídio, buscou-se discutir algumas das condições para a construção da função materna. Entre as possíveis formas de se abordar um caso em pesquisa, optou-se pela construção de caso, privilegiando um olhar que parte da clínica, na qual entendemos fundar-se a descoberta psicanalítica em sua vocação de retroalimentar a teoria. Foram privilegiados três eixos: a experiência corporal, o lugar do sujeito e o laço social. Para tal, trabalharam-se estes aspectos: o percurso histórico antecedente ao que se entende hoje por maternidade, incluindo-se a psicanálise no seu início, os diferentes discursos sobre o corpo que desembocam no discurso médico, conforme proposto por Clavreul, e as questões do laço social na constituição da função materna, a partir do conceito de contrato narcisista de Piera Aulagnier. Dessa forma, pôde-se apontar como a função materna é atravessada pela lógica dessubjetivante da contemporaneidade e, ao mesmo tempo, reafirma-se a escuta do sujeito como condição para a superação dos impasses da atualidade / From the discussion of a case of attempted infanticide, we tried to discuss some of the conditions for the construction of the maternal role. Among the possible ways to approach a case in research, we chose to build a case, favoring a look that starts from the clinic, in which we understand is the base of the psychoanalytic discovery in its vocation to provide feedback for theory. Three main aspects were privileged: a bodily experience, the place of the subject and the social bond. To this end, these aspects have been worked up: the historical background antecedent to what is meant by motherhood today, including psychoanalysis in its early stages, the different discourses on the body leading into the medical discourse as proposed by Clavreul, and issues of the social bond in the constitution of the maternal role, from the concept of narcissistic contract of Piera Aulagnier. Thus, one could point out how the maternal role is crossed by the deconstructive logic of the subjective of contemporaneity and at the same time reaffirming the listening to the subject as a condition for overcoming the impasses of the present

Les schémas précoces inadaptés sont associés à différentes pathologies psychologiques et en sont parfois à l'origine et/ou la cause de leur maintien. Cependant, les schémas précoces inadaptés ne sont pas les seuls à l'œuvre en fonction des pathologies ; ils sont en lien avec le coping, le contrôle du moi et les croyances. Le but de ce travail est l'amélioration de la compréhension de l'activation des schémas précoces inadaptés ainsi que l'influence des facteurs psychopathologiques et cognitifs dans une population générale, chez les douloureux chroniques, chez les futurs parents et dans une population souffrant de troubles du comportement alimentaire. Une première étude quantitative a été réalisée afin de mettre en évidence l'activation des schémas précoces inadaptés et leurs relations avec les stratégies de coping et contrôle du moi auprès d'une population générale. Une seconde étude a été réalisée dans le but de mettre en évidence l'activation des schémas précoces inadaptés et leurs liens avec les stratégies de coping et le contrôle du moi chez les futurs parents. Une troisième étude a été menée afin de démontrer l'activation des schémas précoces inadaptés en relation avec la représentation du corps et les troubles alimentaires. Et une quatrième étude a été élaborée dans le but de tester l'hypothèse d'une activation des schémas précoces inadaptés en relation avec la représentation de la douleur dans une population tunisienne. Des corrélations significatives ont été observées entre les stratégies de coping et les schémas précoces inadaptés ainsi qu'entre le contrôle du moi et les schémas précoces inadaptés et aussi entre les stratégies de coping et le contrôle du moi. / Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are associated with different forms of psychopathology being not only a source of its manifestation but also a means for maintaining maladaptive behaviour. It is likely that EMS are not the only element linked to psychopathology; coping, irrational beliefs, and ego control are likely linked to both schemas and maladaptive behaviour. The objective of this work was to better understand activation of EMS as well as the influence of cognitive and psychopathological factors in the general population, in individuals suffering from chronic debilitating pain, in future parents, and in those suffering from eating disorders. The objective of the first study is the EMS activation and their relationship to coping strategies and ego control in the general population. The second study explores the expression of EMS in future parents and identify the relationship between EMS, coping, and ego control. The third study is about the EMS activation in relationship to body image and the manifestation of eating disorder sand. The fourth one studies EMS in relationship to chronic pain in a Tunisian sample. Significant and meaningful correlations were found between coping strategies, ego control and EMS. Gender differences were also identified and explored.

[pt] A maternidade não atinge da mesma forma pessoas de diferentes países e culturas. A vivência da maternidade, assim como a da migração, é atravessada por questões sociais, econômicas e raciais. Este estudo tem como objetivo compreender a vivência da maternidade de mulheres brasileiras que tiveram filhos fora do país de origem. De modo a alcançar o objetivo proposto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa na qual foram entrevistadas, em 2022, sete mulheres brasileiras que vivenciaram gestação, parto e primeiro ano de vida do filho (a) em Portugal, Reino Unido, Itália, Espanha e França. Foi utilizado o método de análise de conteúdo para analisar os dados (Bardin, 2016). Da análise das falas das participantes emergiram cinco categorias: gestando no meio sociocultural; rede de apoio na perinatalidade em tempos pandêmicos; parir em outra língua; pertencimento à cultura de origem da família e transmissão cultural da maternidade. Os resultados apontam a fragilidade das redes de apoio, além da relevância da inclusão da cultura de origem e do país de acolhimento na maternidade. Conclui-se que a vivência de maternidade fora do país de origem é envolta em lutos e revisitações às referências culturais da mãe. O distanciamento da rede familiar, de amigos e de referenciais da cultura de origem da mulher migrante gerou o aumento das sobrecargas psíquica e física inerentes à maternidade. No entanto, os grandes conflitos vividos por essas mulheres não excluem a percepção das potencialidades dessa experiência. / [en] Motherhood does not affect people from different countries and cultures inthe same way. The experience of motherhood, as well as the migration, is crossedby social, emotional and racial issues. This study aims to understand the experienceof motherhood of Brazilian women who had children outside their country of origin.In order to reach the proposed objective, a qualitative research was carried out inwhich seven Brazilian women were interviewed in 2022 who experiencedpregnancy, childbirth and the first year of life of their child in Portugal, UnitedKingdom, Italy, Spain and France. The content analysis method was used to analyzethe data (Bardin, 2016). From the analysis of the participants statements, fivecategories emerged: pregnant in the sociocultural environment; perinatal supportnetwork in pandemic times; give birth in another language; belonging to the cultureof origin of the family and cultural transmission of motherhood. The results pointto the capture of support networks, in addition to the protection of the inclusion ofthe culture of origin and the host country in maternity. It is concluded that theexperience of motherhood outside the country of origin is shrouded in mourningand revisiting the mother s cultural references. The distance from the familynetwork, friends and references of the culture of origin of the migrant womangenerated an increase in the psychic and physical overloads inherent to motherhood.However, the major conflicts experienced by these women do not exclude theperception of the potential of this experience.

No description available.

Ce mémoire porte sur l’évolution de la profession de puéricultrice au Québec entre 1925 et 1985. Il cherche plus spécifiquement à éclairer les raisons de la disparition de cette profession. Celle-ci prend racine dans le contexte de la lutte contre la mortalité infantile et de la médicalisation croissante de la maternité, ce dernier phénomène connaissant de profondes modifications au cours du XXe siècle. En parallèle, les systèmes de santé et d’éducation québécois connaissent d’importants bouleversements. Comment la profession de puéricultrice évolue-t-elle devant ces changements ? Comment tentera-t-elle de faire sa place dans le monde des spécialistes des soins et de l’enfance ? Par ailleurs, quelle place la société, plus spécifiquement le monde médical et l’État, lui réservera-t-elle au fil du temps et pour quelles raisons ? Qu’est-ce qui explique sa disparition ? Voilà les questions auxquelles ce mémoire cherche à répondre. Afin de bien ancrer les origines de la profession, notre analyse s’est d’abord penchée sur les raisons de la création des premières formations en puériculture et des stratégies de professionnalisation des puéricultrices. Notre recherche s’est ensuite intéressée aux discours des acteurs s’étant prononcés sur le sort des puéricultrices à la suite des grandes réformes des années 1960-1970 ainsi qu’au discours des puéricultrices qui cherchent à s’inscrire dans ce nouveau système de santé étatisé. Nous émettons l’hypothèse que la profession de puéricultrice a été victime de plusieurs facteurs dont les multiples réorganisations du système de santé ainsi que de la compétition entre les professions de la santé, mais plus profondément d’une conception de la maternité qui se modifie considérablement au cours de la période étudiée. / This memoir examines the evolution of the occupation called “baby nurse” (puéricultrice in French), in Québec, between 1925 and 1985. It aims more specifically at shedding light on the reasons why this occupation disappeared. This occupation builds on the fight against child mortality and the growing medicalization of maternity, the latter phenomenon undergoing considerable modifications throughout the XXth century. Simultaneously, the health care and education systems in Québec experience significant upheavals. How does the baby nurse occupation evolve in light of these changes? How will it try to establish itself in this world of child care specialists? Furthermore, what place will society, more specifically the medical community and the government, leave for it throughout time, and for what reasons? How can we explain it disappearance? Those are the questions this memoir will try to answer. To ensure that the origins of this occupation are well anchored, our analysis examined the reasons why the first baby nurse programmes were created and strategies were developed for this occupation’s professionalization. Then, our research focused on the messages being conveyed by the actors involved following the major reforms that occurred in 1960-1970, and that of the baby nurse trying to get included this new government-owned health care system. We make the assumption that the baby nurse occupation was a victim of several factors, including the multiple reorganisations of the health care system, and the competition between health care occupations, but more deeply of a conception of maternity that will be greatly modified during the studied period.

Pourquoi un événement en apparence si naturel qu’est l’accueil d’un bébé se révèle t-il si bouleversant et si complexe ? Pourquoi cette présence peut-elle provoquer joie et émerveillement ou angoisse et violence ? N’est-ce pas parce que l’enfant si vulnérable détient aussi une puissance créatrice ? Créateur de relations et d’émotions, il est d’emblée un être d’esprit. Il commence sa vie avec son lot, son daimon singulier. Suivant celui-ci il sera « jeté-dans-le monde » ou accueilli. Trait d’union entre les forces les plus archaïques et la civilisation, le très jeune enfant nous montre à quel point les mouvements de son corps sont le reflet de sa vie psychique. C’est pourquoi une attention aux soins de maternage, au jeu et aux activités d’éveil va être, avec ses parents, au coeur du processus d’intersubjectivité. Cette éducation première prenant sa source dans le soin est déjà de l’ordre du politique et suppose une éthique qui permette à l’enfant de s’épanouir et d’habiter le monde / A baby's arrival is such a natural occurrence: why does it cause so much upheaval? Why does its presence create so much joy and wonderment or else such angst and violence? Is it because the child possesses both vulnerability and colossal creative potential? Creator of relationships and of emotions, from the beginning, the child is a spiritual being. He starts out life with his fate, his particular daimon. After his arrival, he will be thrown in the world or he will be welcomed and integrated. As he is at the interplay between the most archaic forces and civilization, the very young child demonstrates that his physical movements reflect his psychic life. Along with his parents, maternal care, play, and his activities are at the core of the intersubjective process. The care of the child is his initial education and is already reflective of political acts and presupposes an ethic which will allow the child to blossom and to inhabit his world

La santé reproductive est un concept qui réunit plusieurs aspects, tels que les méthodes de contraception, la grossesse, l’accouchement et le fait d’élever ses enfants. La santé reproductive peut être affectée par de nombreuses inégalités et barrières à la santé. À Montréal, les femmes de la communauté haïtienne peuvent vivre plusieurs de ces inégalités simultanément. Plusieurs caractéristiques individuelles peuvent accroitre les rapports de pouvoir vécus et ressentis au sein du système de soins de santé québécois. Pour les femmes ayant des origines haïtiennes, les rapports de pouvoir s’articulent particulièrement autour du genre et de la couleur de peau. Ces rapports de pouvoir précèdent l’institution de soins de santé actuelle et ceux-ci découlent du colonialisme, de la suprématie blanche et du patriarcat. D’autres éléments peuvent être pris en compte, tels que le statut socioéconomique, les caractéristiques individuelles et les milieux de vie. Les inégalités de santé et barrières à la santé peuvent prendre plusieurs formes : financières, langagières, géographiques et bureaucratiques. Bien qu’il soit connu que le racisme affecte tant la santé que l’accès aux soins de santé, le racisme sous toutes ses formes n’est que peu ou pas abordé en lien avec la santé reproductive au Québec. L’objectif principal de cette recherche est donc d’examiner si le racisme affecte la santé reproductive des femmes de la communauté haïtienne de Montréal, et si tel est le cas, d’explorer de quelles façons, ainsi que les conséquences de ces liens. Pour ce faire, des entretiens avec 16 femmes ayant des origines haïtiennes et vivant à Montréal ont été réalisés. De plus, trois entretiens avec des membres du personnel de soins de santé d’un organisme communautaire ont alimenté la recherche. / Reproductive health is a concept that brings together several aspects, such as contraceptive methods, pregnancy, childbirth, and child rearing. Reproductive health can be affected by many inequalities and barriers to health. In Montreal, women from the Haitian community may experience many of these inequalities simultaneously. Many individual characteristics can increase the power relations experienced and felt within the Quebec health care system. For women of Haitian descent, power relations are particularly articulated around gender and skin color. These power relations precede the current health care institution, which arise from colonialism, white supremacy, and patriarchy. Other elements can be considered, such as socioeconomic status, individual characteristics and living environments. Health inequalities and barriers to health can take many forms: financial, language skills, geographic and bureaucratic. Although it is known that racism affects both health and access to health care, racism in all its forms has received little or no attention in relation to reproductive health in Quebec. The main objective of this research is therefore to determine whether racism affects the reproductive health of women in the Haitian community in Montreal, and if so, to explore the consequences of these links. To do so, interviews were conducted with 16 women of Haitian descent living in Montreal. In addition, three interviews with health care staff at a community organization participated for the research.