The concept of art experience among beholders is well-known but lacks empirical studies on everyday art experiences among laypersons. In this bachelor thesis, the appearance of layperson beholders’ art experience is explored by a qualitative interview study method. Eleven chosen responders are individually interviewed at Härnösand Art Gallery beholding the same assorted visual artwork. Descriptions and narratives are compared to artists’ intentions as shown in a separate interview. The theoretical approach leans on psychology and perception in art, focusing on the aesthetics of reception. Although a small-scale investigation in a rather narrow context, the investigation shows interesting findings: It highlights the frequency and intensity of everyday art experience in laypersons and the easiness of defining pictorial art from other informative or commercial pictures. Further, it highlights that the process of art experience perception has a strong hold of autonomy and is perceived as very personal and part of own personality. It also shows the rapid perception and endurance of mood as response and interpretation in contrast to the continuous processing of details and meaning. Lastly, the comparison of the artist’s intention and the beholders’ experience shows concordance.These properties of everyday common art experience can be a causal factor for the general prevalence of art in society.

[pt] O foco do estudo são entendimentos sobre questões identitárias de adultos aprendizes de inglês em narrativas emergentes em entrevistas de pesquisa na relação de coconstrução com o professor-pesquisador. O objetivo consiste em analisar discursivamente os posicionamentos identitários de três alunos de uma escola de idiomas da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Este estudo parte de uma concepção de Linguística Aplicada voltada para a construção de inteligibilidades em contextos pedagógicos. Adota uma concepção pós-estruturalista de identidade e um modelo de narrativa com análise de posicionamentos, com interpretações da prática social de aprendizes de inglês. A pesquisa é qualitativa e interpretativa e os dados são de três entrevistas de caráter autobiográfico, transcritas, com aproximadamente trinta minutos de duração cada. Da primeira entrevista, depreende-se que a aluna entrevistada se posiciona como alguém que tem medo da língua inglesa, mas que vincula a sua realização pessoal ao domínio do idioma como forma de empoderamento. A segunda entrevista, no entanto, aponta para as ambiguidades de quem que se posiciona entre as contradições de sentir-se perseguido pela língua inglesa e a crítica do que significa, em sua opinião, saber inglês no Brasil. A terceira entrevista indica uma forte idealização da língua inglesa através da experiência de uma aprendiz que se posiciona entre o encantamento e a idealização do idioma. Sinalizamos assim para o fato de que os posicionamentos identitários de aprendizes de inglês como língua estrangeira são de grande relevância para o aprofundamento dos entendimentos a respeito do processo de ensino-aprendizagem do idioma. / [en] This study focuses on understanding how three adult English learners, studying in a language institute in Rio de Janeiro, co-construct their identities in narratives that emerged in research interviews with the teacher-researcher. The aim is to observe: how they position and construct themselves as learners and users of English; how they feel positioned and position other participants in their stories and how they position the teacher, the school and other students. The research conceptualizes the field of Applied Linguistics as a way of creating intelligibilities in pedagogical contexts. Adopting a post-structuralist view of identity, the stories told are considered opportunities for identity construction. The research methodology is qualitative and interpretive; the transcribed data consist of three thirty-minute autobiographical interviews. We infer from the first interview that the learner identifies herself as someone who fears English, but who associates her sense of achievement and empowerment to developing a good command of the language. The second interview points to the ambiguities of an individual positioned between the contradictions of being chased by English and a criticism of what it means, in his opinion, to know English in Brazil. In the third interview, English is strongly idealized in the experience of a learner who positions herself between the feelings of enchantment and deference towards the language. Finally, this dissertation highlights the fact that identity positionings of English learners are of great relevance for enhancing the field s understandings of language teaching and learning processes.

Ce travail porte sur les processus migratoires et identitaires de la population coréenne installée en France ou au Québec. Son objectif premier est de comprendre l’influence du contexte socioculturel sur la façon dont les migrants s’adaptent et s’intègrent dans les pays d’accueil dont les modèles d’intégration diffèrent. Considérant que la langue constitue un élément principal dans le processus d’adaptation ainsi que dans les stratégies identitaires, la dynamique langagière des familles migrantes a été analysée avec une attention particulière. 17 familles coréennes composées du père, de la mère et de leur enfant âgé de 11-15 ans ont été rencontrées en France ou au Québec, à travers essentiellement l’entretien semi-dirigé et le questionnaire sociolinguistique. Les résultats de notre recherche révèlent que le modèle républicain assimilationniste français favorise l’intégration linguistique et culturelle des immigrants coréens alors que le modèle interculturel québécois promeut l’intégration socioprofessionnelle, civique et communautaire. Les enfants dits « de la deuxième génération de l’immigration » intègrent de manière spontanée la culture et la langue du pays d’accueil de leurs parents par la scolarisation ainsi que celles d’origine dans le cadre intrafamilial. Nos analyses qualitatives montrent que les processus adaptatifs et identitaires des migrants coréens s’élaborent en lien étroit avec le contexte socioculturel mais aussi par un travail de symbolisation de l’interculturalité sur le plan personnel et groupal. / This work concerns the migratory and identical processes of the Korean population installed in France or in Quebec. Its first purpose is to understand the influence of the socio-cultural context on the way that the immigrants adapt themselves and become integrated into the host countries whose models of integration differ. Considering that the language establishes a main element in the process of adaptation as well as in the identical strategies, the linguistic dynamics of the immigrant families was analyzed with a particular attention. 17 Korean families consisted of the father, the mother and their 11-15-year-old child were met in France or in Quebec, through essentially the semi-structured interview and the sociolinguistic questionnaire. The results of our search reveal that the French republican model promotes the linguistic and cultural integration of the Korean immigrants while the Quebec’s intercultural model promotes the socio-professional, civic and community integration. The second-generation immigrants integrate in a spontaneous way the culture and the language of the host country of their parents with the schooling as well as those of the origin into the interfamily context. Our qualitative analyses show that the adaptive and identical processes of the Korean immigrants develop in narrow relation with the socio-cultural context but also with a work of symbolization of the interculturality on the personal and group plan.

[pt] O estudo investiga narrativas de conflito de alunos surdos e tradutores-intérpretes de Libras/Português, que emergem em entrevistas de pesquisa, junto ao pesquisador-intérprete, no Instituto Nacional de Educação de Surdos (INES). A perspectiva teórica e analítica se situa no âmbito da Linguística Aplicada, mediante análise de narrativas sobre conflito, em relações com narrativas de sofrimento, estigma e de resistência, nas perspectivas textual, interacional e sequencial, com avaliações, dêiticos e diálogo construído. A metodologia é qualitativa e interpretativa, com critérios de ética da pesquisa, de natureza êmica e geração de dados em entrevistas de pesquisa. Há discussão das convenções de transcrição dos dados para línguas orais, da análise da conversa, e para Libras, com glosas escritas. As convenções utilizadas buscam abarcar a complexidade de interações sinalizadas em Libras, com tradução para o Português. Os resultados das análises das narrativas de conflito indicam que: i) os alunos surdos relatam experiências de conflito e estigma na família, na descoberta da surdez, na relação interpessoal com surdos e ouvintes, colegas e professores, na Educação Básica e na Universidade; ii) os intérpretes de Libras relatam conflitos, em situações de atuação profissional, com interferência de alunos ouvintes no ato interpretativo, na sala de aula, além de conflito com professores ouvintes. Na busca de inteligibilidades, são focalizadas propostas de alunos surdos e de intérpretes de Libras: alunos surdos indicam o uso de Libras por ouvintes em sala de aula, além de contestarem estigmas e opressão; e os intérpretes de Libras fazem relatos de conflitos na prática profissional. / [en] The study investigates conflict narratives of deaf students and translators/interpreters of Libras/Portuguese that emerge from research interviews with the researcher-interpreter at the National Institute of Education of Deaf (INES). The theoretical and analytical perspective is situated in the scope of Applied Linguistics, through analysis of narratives about conflict, in relation to narratives of suffering, stigma and resistance, in textual, interactional and sequential perspectives, with evaluations, deixis and constructed dialogue. The methodology is qualitative and interpretative, with criteria of research ethics, emic in nature and data generation in research interviews. There is a discussion of the conventions of data transcription for oral languages, conversation analysis, and Libras, with written glosses. The conventions used seek to encompass the complexity of signaled interactions in Libras, with translations to Portuguese. The results of conflict narrative analysis indicate that: i) deaf students report experiences of conflict and stigma within their families, the discovery of deafness, and the interpersonal relationships with deaf and hearing people, mates and teachers/professors, at school and at college; ii) Libras interpreters report conflicts in professional settings, with the interference of hearing students in the interpretive act, in the classrooms, and also conflicts with hearing teachers. In the search for intelligibilities, proposals are focused on deaf students and interpreters of Libras: deaf students indicate the use of Libras by the hearing ones in the classroom, in addition to contesting stigma and oppression; and the Libras interpreters report conflicts in their professional practices.

Many political reforms are currently implemented in the Swedish schools. The trend indicate that education in Sweden follows neo-liberal restructuring policy, that highlights assessment, marketization and surveillance in different aspects. According to the new curriculum LGR 11 the school head is the school's educational leader with responsibility for the school's results and development. The reforms put new demands on the school heads tasks, their responsibility and leadership. The aim of my research study is to investigate how the school heads experience andhandle this situation. I have chosen a phenomenological and hermeneutic perspective, that analyzes what the school heads direct their attention towards and how they experience meaning and context in their work with reforms. The analysis shows that the school heads have experiences about what the work with the reforms is about and that their own position and action in this work is very important. They have also imaginations about how they themselves and in collaboration with others in the organisation have to handle in this work in different ways so that the reforms can be implemented. In the reform process they even have a lot of dilemmas to handle in their local and concrete context, which is linked to the school's local conditions, history and tradition.

This dissertation explores the types of professional communities that are built when teachers work in initiatives that, in various forms, link them to teachers from other countries. In doing so it explores the types of knowledge that may be exchanged by the building of these communities and the value that teachers put upon these different forms of knowledge. Therefore, this study is situated in the broad theoretical context of discussions related to the building of professional communities but explores this within a specifically international context. The most significant findings that this dissertation identifies are: that the teachers involved built the professional communities that are most important to them in more exploratory ways and with more agency than is suggested by other related research, and in connection to this that those professional communities that the participants attached most significance to were consistently alternative to the immediate workplace. It was also found that whilst the teachers involved in this study problematised the possibility of directly transferring specific classroom strategies, stories about teaching were seen by all to be useful vehicles for exchanging other forms of knowledge, for enabling affirmation and for co-constructing moral purpose. These findings have potential implications for policy and practice as they indicate that structures that focus exclusively on developing communities within schools may need to be enriched by those that provide teachers with the flexibility to discover and build communities in alternative ways too. The primary data collection method used when conducting this research was interview. The participants who were interviewed came from two countries, namely England and Macedonia. This entirely qualitative approach is positioned within an interpretivist paradigm. However, it is argued that contributions to theoretical debates regarding the nature of professional communities can still be made.

This thesis is based on design theory about how to build an application for the mobile platform, a scientific analysis and an application for grocery shopping and meal planning. The thesis also contains a valuation of the research and of the application. The valuation of the application was done by a usability test and an analysis of the results of the test. The application of the thesis has an easy navigation system, which is time saving and simple to use. Finding recipes with the associated ingredients is a quick fix. The search function can be used for searching freely after recipes as well as for separate ingredients. That makes it possible for the user to create own recipes from available ingredients. One can also compose a recipe from scratch and add to the recipe bank. It´s also possible to see which ingredients that is needed for a certain recipe. The application is direct and easy to use and because of that it can be used outside the home in environments where there are a lot of distractions, for example in the food store, where all the ingredients is purchased and checked off from the list. The application is competent. The user can save recipes and create own recipes without having to login. From the added information the app is able to suggest menus, at the same time it enables for the user to compose his or her own menus with lunch and dinner. Gradually a big and varying recipe bank is built which is formed after the family´s specific priorities of good, easy to cook, healthy food and it also sends a warning if a recipe contains food that someone in the family is allergic to. Each and every recipe can also be illustrated with drawings which could improve the overview. The application can be synced with a web site where more information can be extracted. / Den här uppsatsen består av en designteori för hur en applikation för den mobila plattformen ska byggas, samt en vetenskaplig analys och en färdig applikation som ska användas vid inköp av mat och planering av måltider. Uppsatsen innehåller också en utvärdering av forskningen och av applikationen. Utvärderingen av applikationen utfördes genom en användarbarhetstestning och en analys av testningens resultat. Uppsatsens applikation en har smidig navigering, som är tidseffektiv och enkel att använda. Det går snabbt att ta fram recept och vilka ingredienser som krävs för receptet. Det är möjligt att söka fritt både på recept och enskilda ingredienser. Det innebär att användaren kan forma egna recept utifrån tillgängliga ingredienser. Man kan även komponera egna recept och lägga in i receptbanken. Det är också möjligt att se vilka ingredienser som behövs för att ett visst recept ska kunna tillagas. Applikationen är tydlig och lättanvänd och fungerar därför i miljöer med många distraherande inslag utanför hemmet, exempelvis direkt i butiken, där alla ingredienser kan köpas in och bockas av från en lista. Applikationen är kompetent. Användaren kan spara recept och lägga till egna recept utan att behöva logga in. Med utgångspunkt från inlagd information kan applikationen föreslå menyer, samtidigt som den möjliggör komposition av egna menyer för lunch och middag.  Efter hand byggs det upp en stor och varierande receptbank som formas efter familjens egna prioriteringar av god, lättlagad, nyttig mat och även varnar för exempelvis mat som kan framkalla allergireaktioner om allergi förekommer i familjen. Vart och en av recepten kan också illustreras med tecknade bilder vilket skulle kunna förbättrar överblicken. Applikationen kan samsynkas med en hemsida där mer utförlig information kan hämtas.

Det digitala samhället kännetecknas av konstant utveckling och snabb föränderlighet, vilket har skapat rollen influencer: En person som används av företag och varumärken för att marknadsföra produkter eller tjänster. Denna studie fokuserar särskilt på influencerns egen bild av sitt yrke och genom att tematisera frågor utifrån teorier rörande kommersialisering, självpresentation, deltagarkultur och opinionsbildning. I studien undersöks hur tre utvalda svenska influencers inom mode och skönhet på Instagram ser på sin roll i och med kommersialiseringen vilket analyseras utifrån samma teorier inom medie- och kommunikationsvetenskapen som har nämnts ovan. Studien genomförs genom kvalitativa forskningsintervjuer där influencerna själva är utgångspunkten. Genom studien blir det tydligt att förstå hur kommersialiseringen har påverkat mediesamhället och tidigare roller har bytts ut. Kändisar är inte bara längre skådespelare och artister, opinionsledare behöver inte längre vara traditionella medier, en person kan ha olika roller i olika mediesammanhang och annonsering är inte längre något som går från producent till konsument. Utvecklingen av både medier och sociala kanaler har förändrat medielandskapet helt och de gränserna mellan avsändare och mottagare suddas ut. Det är inte bara marknadskommunikationen som har monopol på forskning rörande annonsering och marknadsföring. Avlutningsvis visar studien att influencerna har en sammansatt och komplex roll som uppstått i och med kommersialiseringen och är en följd utav en konvergens av det digitala medielandskapet. / The digital society is characterized by constant development and rapid change, which has created the role influencer: A person used by companies and brands to market products or services. This study focuses on influencers own image of their occupation and by thematising issues based on theories of commercialization, self-presentation, participatory culture and opinion formation. The essay is exploring how three selected Swedish influencers in fashion and beauty at Instagram are looking at their role in commercialization which is analyzed on the basis of the same theories in media and communication science that have been mentioned above. The study is conducted through qualitative research interviews where the influencers themselves are the starting point. Through the study it becomes clear to understand how commercialization has affected the media community and previous roles have been replaced. Celebrities are no longer just actors and artists, opinion leaders no longer need to be traditional media, a person can have different roles in different media contexts and advertising is no longer something that goes from producer to consumer. The development of both media and social channels has changed the media landscape in so much as the boundaries between senders and recipients are being erased. It is not only market communication that has a monopoly on research relating to advertising and marketing. Lastly the study shows that influencers have a composite and complex role that has emerged through commercialization and is a consequence of a convergence of the digital media landscape.

DIPLOMOVÁ PRÁCE Komu věří české konvertitky? Zdroje informací mladých pražských konvertitek k islámu Bc. Klára Popovová English Abstract At present, Islam is a hotly debated issue in the Czech society; however, we still know very little about our own Muslim minority and academic studies only started to focus on it in the last few years. Apart from native Muslims, several hundred converts to Islam live in the Czech Republic. These people discovered their religion as adults and have not been brought up with it. Where do women who have decided to become Muslims look for information and on what basis do they trust their sources? Apart from the above-mentioned questions, this thesis discusses other topics related to conversion of women to Islam, be it their motivation to convert or the response of their families and friends. The main contribution of this thesis consists of original quantitative research in which fifteen young women converts to Islam living in Prague took part. This sample provides an interesting insight into the lives of several Czech Muslim women and also a starting point for further, more complex research. From the respondents' answers, it is evident that the Internet, social networks, and information exchange between Czech Muslim women play an important part. More traditional sources, such as...