The thesis deals with a potential application of welding simulators in basic courses of welding held in welding schools. The first section briefly describes the welding simulators in the global market. There is a detailed description and the control of the welding simulator Virtual Welding, a description of core courses of welding and the necessary welding technology in the following section. Experiments with a welding simulator are carried out in the last section and also their evaluation, comparison and summary of costs.

This thesis is focused on the analysis of current state of production technology and quality control of high-pressure reservoir. It deals mainly on the macro-metallographic test of the quality and position of the weld, the posibility of it´s implementation, organization of workplace. Task of this thesis is to find alternative methods of testing. Part of thesis is design and implementation of a new workplace´s layout based on experiment with using of alternative method of testing and assessment of implementation to achal process. The main objective is to improve the working condition and reduction of time for testing.

The content of diploma thesis is design of the construction of steel footbridge for pedestrians and cyclists. The footbridge is across the railway in Kyjov. The design will be processed in two options of structure. The selected option will be developed in greater detail. The span of footbridge is 35 m and the width is 3 m. The contruction is made by two arched beams which are connected to the bridge deck by suspenders. The stability of the construction is provided by longitudinal bracing under the bridge deck and the bracing between the arched beams. The assessment of the structure was made according to valid standards.

This study in Old Testament exegesis is focused on two interpretations of three central passages in the book of Job, by C.G. Jung in Answer to Job (1952) and Leo Perdue in Wisdom in Revolt – Metaphorical Theology in the Book of Job (1991). The study examines the questions addressed to the book of Job by Jung and Perdue respectively, and the expectations that are imbedded in their readings. The concepts of "horizon of expectation" and "gaps" from Reception theory are central to the interpretation.  More particularly, the study examines the interpretations by Jung and Perdue of two passages in the book of Job where there is a verbal confrontation between Job and God, and the very last sequence of the book, the epilogue. These scenes also represent what W. Iser calls "gaps" (Leerstellen) in the narration, ambiguous passages, designed to activate the reader’s participation in the interpretation of a text. In the study, the horizon of expectations of Jung and Perdue respectively, is outlined and compared. The results show that, while the theologian Perdue is interested in the psychological aspects of Job’s process in relation to God, Jung, the psychologist, paradoxically is focused on the theological question of God’s character and being.  The study’s point of outlook is that in each interpretation of a text, the reader’s horizon of expectation is embedded. When it comes to Bible commentary, layers of historical contexts and theological tradition shape the interpretative work. Nevertheless, each reader also confronts the text anew while reading, within the frames of his own experiences and expectations.

Arbetets utgångspunkt är att förändra den traditionella synen på matematiska felsvar samt lärarens återkoppling vid felsvar. Genom en systematisk kvalitativ litteraturstudie syftar denna studie att visa vilken roll muntlig återkoppling och felaktiga svar har för att utveckla elevers matematiska prestationer. Studien syftar också till att ge matematiklärare användbara verktyg för att dra fördel av denna roll och skapa en god lärandemiljö. Studiens resultat presenteras i två avsnitt. Det första avsnittet belyser felsvar positiva roll samt återkopplingen på elevernas matematiska prestationer. Det andra avsnittet ger användbara verktyg för att dra nytta av den positiva roll som återkoppling har. Denna studie drar slutsatsen att lärare, för att skapa en god lärandemiljö, bör ge elever återkoppling med glädje och på så vis inleda konstruktiva diskussioner. Lärare skapar således ett positivt klassrumsklimat där felsvar är välkomna. / This study aims to alter students’ stereotypical views of incorrect answers and teachers’ feedback on them. By conducting a systematic qualitative literature review, this study demonstrates the role of verbal feedback and incorrect answers in students’ development of their learning abilities. It also aims to equip mathematics teachers with the required tools for creating a positive learning environment. The study’s findings are presented in two sections: The first section highlights the positive impact of errors and feedback on the mathematical performance of students. The second section provides tools for the effective delivery of positive feedback. The study concludes that, to create a positive learning environment, teachers should know how to use verbal feedback (response) positively and spark constructive discussions in mathematics classrooms. Thus, teachers create a positive classroom climate in which incorrect answers are welcome.

Die globale Finanzkrise unterstrich die Bedeutung von makrofinanziellen Verknüpfungen für Vermögenspreisdynamiken und Konjunkturschwankungen. Bei angebotsseitigen Finanzfriktionen werden hierbei Finanzintermediäre, insbesondere ihre Bilanz und ihre Risikotragfähigkeit, als zentral erachtet. Diese Dissertation wendet verschiedene Klassen von SVAR Modellen und neueste Identifizierungsmethoden an um empirische Belege für die Rolle von Finanzintermediären für Finanzmärkte und die Realwirtschaft zu liefern. Das erste Kapitel untersucht das regimeabhängige Handelsverhalten von Finanzintermediären auf dem Öl-Futures-Markt und zeigt, dass Finanzintermediäre während Krisenzeiten preisunelastischer werden und mehr ihren eigenen Interessen folgend handeln. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine nichtlineare Futures-Preissetzung von Intermediären hin, was die Volatilität im Markt während Krisenzeiten signifikant erhöht. Das zweite Kapitel legt dar, dass die meisten Händlergruppen in Rohstoff-Futures-Märkten eine antizyklische Investitionsstrategie verfolgen. Das einfache SVAR Modell eignet sich für die Analyse der Handelsstrategien verschiedener Händlergruppen sowie deren Auswirkungen für die Preisvolatilität in jedweden Vermögensmärkten. Kapitel 3 identifiziert in einem einzelnen Modell sektorspezifische Kreditangebotsschocks gegenüber Firmen und Haushalten und präsentiert empirische Belege über deren Effekte für die US-Wirtschaft. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass beide Kreditangebotsschocks wesentlich zum Konjunkturverlauf während des Beobachtungszeitraums beigetragen haben, wobei Kreditangebotsschocks gegenüber Haushalten klassischen Nachfrageschocks ähneln. Das letzte Kapitel analysiert die globalen Auswirkungen des Schuldenabbaus europäischer Banken und findet, dass europäische Bankbilanzschocks Bruttokapitalzuflüsse und das Kreditwachstum in fortgeschrittenen Ökonomien mit entwickelten Finanzmärkten beeinflussen, aber nur geringfügige Effekte auf das Wirtschaftswachstum haben. / The global financial crisis has demonstrated the importance of macrofinancial linkages for asset price dynamics and business cycles. Regarding supply-side financial frictions, financial intermediaries, in particular their balance sheet and risk-bearing capacity, are considered to be pivotal. This thesis applies different classes of SVAR models and state-of-the-art identification techniques to provide empirical findings on the role of financial intermediaries in financial markets and the real economy. The first chapter studies the state-dependent trading behavior of financial intermediaries in the oil futures market and shows that intermediaries become less price-elastic and trade more according to their own demand. The findings suggest that the futures pricing of intermediaries is nonlinear which significantly raises the volatility in the market during crisis times. The second chapter demonstrates that most trader groups in commodity futures markets employ contrarian strategies. The simple SVAR model can be applied for analyzing the trading strategies of different trader groups as well as their effects for price volatility in any asset market. Chapter 3 identifies sector-specific business and household loan supply shocks in one single model and provides empirical evidence on their effects for the U.S. macroeconomy. The results show that both loan supply shocks have contributed significantly to business cycle dynamics over the sample period, with household loan supply shocks resembling classical demand shocks. The last chapter analyzes the global effects of European bank deleveraging and finds that European bank balance sheet shocks significantly affect gross capital inflows and credit growth in in advanced economies with developed financial markets, but have only minor effects on output growth.

[pt] Essa tese é composta por 3 artigos. O primeiro estuda a relação entre política monetária e a disponibilidade de crédito direcionado. Com esse propósito, estimamos as respostas de variáveis macroeconômicas setoriais a choques de política monetária identificados com restrições de sinal e restrições de igualdade em um factor-augmented VAR (FAVAR). Nossos resultados mostram que a política monetária perde potência em setores com maior proporção de crédito direcionado. O segundo artigo propõe a introdução de novas restrições para identificação de choques de política monetária. Em particular, além das restrições de sinal usuais sobre taxas de juros e inflação, nós propomos como restrição de identificação que a política monetária não tenha efeitos reais dez anos após o choque. Esse artigo apresenta evidências de que essa restrição é consistente com o modelo novo-keynesiano canônico de 3 equações e com o modelo proposto por Smets and Wouters (2007). Em uma aplicação empírica simples, esse artigo mostra que essa restrição pode ser importante para recuperar efeitos reais de política monetária. O terceiro artigo mostra que bancos estrangeiros podem mitigar barreiras informacionais vis-à-vis bancos privados nacionais a partir da observação do comportamento de seus pares. Dado um pedido de empréstimo por parte de uma firma pequena ou média, a existência de empréstimos bancários passados desta firma com bancos privados nacionais constitui um preditor mais importante da probabilidade de que o empréstimo seja concedido para bancos estrangeiros, em comparação a bancos privados nacionais. Nossos resultados são compatíveis com a visão de que a maior habilidade de bancos privados nacionais em aferir o risco de crédito de firmas pouco transparentes torna os empréstimos anteriores com esses bancos um sinal mais valioso para bancos estrangeiros. / [en] This thesis is composed of three papers. The first one studies the relation between monetary policy power and the availability of earmarked loans. To that end, we estimate the responses of sectoral macroeconomic variables to monetary policy shocks identified through sign and equality restrictions in a factor-augmented VAR (FAVAR). We find that monetary policy loses power in sectors with a larger share of earmarked loans among its bank debt. The second paper proposes the introduction of new restrictions to identify monetary policy shocks in SVARs. In particular, besides standard sign restrictions on interest rates and inflation, we propose to add as an identification restriction the inability of monetary policy to have real effects ten years after the shock. This paper presents evidence of the model consistency of this neutrality restriction both for the canonical 3-equation new keynesian model and the Smets and Wouters (2007) model. In a simple empirical application, this paper shows that this restriction may be important to recover real effects of monetary policy. The third paper shows that foreign banks can mitigate informational barriers vis-a-vis private domestic banks by observing their peers behavior. Conditional on a loan application being filed by a SME firm, we find that the existence of past loans of this firm with private domestic banks constitute a more important predictor that a loan will be granted by foreign banks in comparison to private domestic banks. Our results are compatible with the view that the higher ability of private domestic banks to access informationally opaque business credit risks makes past loans with these banks a more valuable signal for foreign lenders.

Bien que les pays de l’Europe Centrale et Orientale montrent de plus en plus des similitudes structurelles avec des pays développés, leurs économies restent vulnérables aux facteurs d’instabilité financière caractéristiques aux pays en développement. La présence de ces vulnérabilités a conduit aux débats sur les avantages de l’adhésion rapide à l’Union Economique et Monétaire (UEM). Traditionnellement, selon de la Théorie des Zones Monétaires Optimales, l’adoption de l’euro peut être bénéfique éliminant le risque du taux de change, donnant un meilleur accès au financement externe et atténuant l’impact des crises financières. De l’autre côté, l’abandon de l’autonomie de la politique monétaire et du taux de change prive les autorités nationales d’une marge de manœuvre dans le cas où le pays soit touché par les chocs asymétriques (d’offre) ou sa réponse aux chocs symétriques diverge de celle de la zone monétaire. L’objective de cette thèse est de déterminer les vulnérabilités financières des PECO et le degré d’asymétrie de leurs économies afin de participer aux débats sur la stratégie d’adhésion à l’euro. / Although the Central and Eastern European countries show in many respects increasing similarities to developed economies they still present some characteristics pointing to potential sources of increased financial vulnerability. The presence of these vulnerabilities has raised the discussion about whether early euro adoption could represent an effective policy remedy for the CEECs’ economies. Traditionally, in the sense of the Optimum Currency Area (OCA) Theory, the arguments vary between two points of view. On the one side, the EMU adhesion would have a beneficial effect eliminating exchange rate risks, giving a better access to external financing and attenuating the impact of financial crises. On the other side, EMU membership may not protect these countries against asymmetric shocks. In fact, in the case of (real) asymmetric shocks or asymmetric response to common (real and nominal) shocks, the output and employment costs of the euro adoption could be very high. The objective of this dissertation is to study these issues, focusing first on potential source of financial vulnerabilities, and then to assess the degree of the CEECs’ shock asymmetry to participate in debates on the euro adoption.

Dissertation focuses on strengthening of axially loaded steel members strengthened under load. Strengthening under load using welding is time and financially efficient. Plastic design can be used for members without stability problems. However, the design of members susceptible to buckling is difficult and opinions of researchers differ on this matter and there are only several experiments. The dissertation is focused on strengthening under load of members with selected cross-sections susceptible to flexural buckling. It is necessary to check the resistance of the base member weakened by the elevated temperatures caused by welding. The preload and welding – residual stress and deformations – must be taken into account for the determination of the buckling resistance of the member strengthened under load. The aim of this dissertation is to provide the load resistance of selected compressed members strengthened under load. Author performed experiments on members with the H and L shaped cross-sections and seamless tubes. Other experiments were performed on members with H shaped cross-section and rectangular hollow sections to determine the resistance of base member during welding. These served to validate numerical models which helped to increase the number of specimens for statistical evaluation. Analytical models to determine the load resistances of the base member during welding and the strengthened member were developed using experiments from literature and author’s experiments and numerical models. The simplified model is conservative and suitable for practical design. The complex model is suitable for scientific purpose and it provides both deformation and load resistance using modified imperfection factor. It provides a good agreement with the experiments. Doctoral thesis also includes practical recommendations for design and execution of strengthening under load using welding.

Master's thesis is follow up with the disign of the load bearing structure of a office building. The building is designed for the area of Svitavy. The plan's dimension are 54,0 x 54,0 m. The objects has 10 floors. Load-bearing structure is disigned in two variants. In the variant A is centre to centre spacing 6m, in variant the B it si 9m. The coulomns and floor structure are composite steel-concrete. Thesis includes drawings.