The aim of this paper is to analyse what strategies may be the most suitable ones when dealing with problems in the translation of a text on human trafficking. The focus of the study is how to translate terminology related to human trafficking, but also on how to deal with references to culture-specific phenomena. In order to find possible solutions for translation problems in the text, different dictionaries and term banks were used, as well as parallel texts and different translation strategies.           The analysis is based on the translation strategies laid down by Vinay and Darbelnet, Ingo and Newmark. The findings of the study show that a number of different translation strategies had to be applied in order to solve the different translation problems. Regarding the translation of terminology, modulation, equivalence, addition and omission were the most useful strategies, as well as using parallel texts. The strategies found most useful in translating culture-specific phenomena were modulation, equivalence and addition, but componential analysis, transference and established translations were also used. Factors that decided what were the most appropriate strategies to apply in the different instances were the aim of the text, the perspective of the target reader and parallel texts.

Magister Artium - MA / Domestic violence has reached epidemic proportions worldwide. Every year, 275 million children globally are exposed to domestic violence. Witnessing domestic violence during childhood has been linked to various risks such as potential health risks, unemployment, deviant behavior, susceptibility to other subsets of family violence, various psychopathologies, as well as potential perpetration and revictimization. Boys are twice as likely to become perpetrators of abuse in adulthood if they have witnessed domestic violence in comparison to boys from nonviolent homes. Girls exposed to domestic violence were shown to be more accepting of abusive married life than girls from non-violent homes. The aim of the study was to describe the perceptions of childhood exposure to domestic violence as a predisposing factor for revictimization in adulthood. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional correlational design. The sample consisted of 77 female participants from shelters across Cape Town, Western Cape. The study employed an adapted version of The Child Exposure to Domestic Violence (CEDV) Scale. The questionnaire was divided into three sections, namely demographic details, types of exposure to domestic violence the adult may have experienced as a child, and lastly current adult experiences of domestic violence. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences V21 (SPSS). Results suggest that there is a significant positive relationship between past perceived experiences of domestic violence and present perceived experiences of domestic violence. Limitations and recommendations are stipulated for proposed intervention strategies and further study expansion on this topic

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_espiridiao.pdf: 475042 bytes, checksum: 599694ecf28cfc24e2f7798319005b9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-07 / Repetition is one of the fundamental concepts of psychoanalysis. The compulsive character of repetition is linked to the death drive: pure quantity, affection without representations, designed at random, furiously. The subject is compelled against his will, re-edit new editions of traumatic events. The recurrence of this suffering, in the transfer, took effect healing. For Freud, the treatment is the use of the word: both the speech of the analyzed and the analyst, focuses on feelings not represented, silenced, but untamed since the trauma. The metaphorical interpretation is able to name the unspeakable. The subject re-signifies the emotional experience as the verbalizations, the repetitive acts lose consistency. In this research, theoretical, we worked on the concept of repetition from Freud s theory, linking it to the treatment. Contributions from other psychoanalytic investigators and clinical illustrations were used in order to characterize the clinical transfer as where the repetition compulsion can be treated. It is, as a result of research, a return to the clinic. The aim is to advance the examination of what has been done so far, typical of scientific development, and that was the work of Freud. / Repetição é um dos conceitos fundamentais da psicanálise. O caráter compulsivo da repetição está ligado à pulsão de morte: pura quantidade, afetos sem representações, projetados a esmo, furiosamente. O sujeito é impelido, contra sua vontade, a re-editar novas edições de acontecimentos traumáticos. A recorrência deste sofrimento, no âmbito da transferência, produz efeitos de cura. Para Freud, o tratamento consiste no uso da palavra: tanto a fala do analisando, quanto a do analista, incide sobre os afetos não representados, silenciados, mas indomados desde o trauma. A interpretação metafórica é capaz de dar nome ao indizível. O sujeito re-significa a experiência emocional à medida que os verbaliza, os atos repetitivos perdem consistência. Nesta pesquisa, de natureza teórica, trabalhou-se o conceito de repetição a partir da teoria de Freud, articulando-o ao tratamento. Contribuições de outros pesquisadores psicanalistas e Ilustrações clínicas foram utilizadas com o objetivo de caracterizar a clínica da transferência como lugar onde a compulsão à repetição pode ser tratada. Propõe-se, como conseqüência da pesquisa, um retorno à clínica. Pretende-se avançar no exame do que até aqui se fez, típico da elaboração científica, e que se constituiu o ofício de Freud.

Estudamos o problema de famílias intersectantes extremais em um subconjunto aleatório da família dos subconjuntos com exatamente k elementos de um conjunto dado. Obtivemos uma descrição quase completa da evolução do tamanho de tais famílias. Versões semelhantes do problema foram estudadas por Balogh, Bohman e Mubayi em 2009, e por Hamm e Kahn, e Balogh, Das, Delcourt, Liu e Sharifzadeh de maneira concorrente a este trabalho. / We studied the problem of maximal intersecting families in a random subset of the family of subsets with exactly k elements from a given set. We obtained a nearly complete description of the evolution of the size of such families. Similar versions of this problem have been studied by Balogh, Bohman and Mubayi in 2009, and by Hamm and Kahn, and Balogh, Das, Delcourt, Liu and Sharifzadeh concurrently with this work.

Nesta tese, são colocadas em pauta as relações entre o saber e o fazer, com base em interrogantes da atuação no campo da clínica dos distúrbios de linguagem. Como a transferência e a linguagem se articulam nas relações que acontecem no interior dessa clínica, elas constituem sua questão norteadora. A partir desta, são problematizadas as relações entre o terapeuta e seu paciente, o terapeuta e os pais (no caso da infância), o terapeuta e outros profissionais, o terapeuta e seu fazer. Inicia-se a discussão com o estudo da História da clínica, para situar-se, nos dias de hoje, como se configuram noções como normal/patológico e sintoma na clínica fonoaudiológica e contextualizar a clínica dos distúrbios de linguagem. Parte-se, em seguida, em direção a dois referenciais teóricos que sustentam a tese: o primeiro tem origem na psicanálise freudo-lacaniana, abordada a partir, principalmente, da noção de transferência, a qual, juntamente com suas derivações, é “traduzida” para o campo da clínica dos distúrbios de linguagem com a função de inaugurar, constituir e sustentar as relações que se constroem nessa clínica. Prossegue-se apoiando-se na Linguística, em especial nos estudos sobre a enunciação de Émile Benveniste, como forma de compreender os movimentos entre eu, tu e ele que se dão a cada ato de enunciação. Tendo à disposição o conjunto dessas reflexões, passa-se a fazer os cruzamentos entre o que a prática clínica interroga e o que faz eco, a partir das leituras realizadas. Ao final da tese, conclui-se que as relações entre o saber e o fazer na clínica dos distúrbios de linguagem são pautadas, o tempo todo, pelos movimentos que acontecem entre linguagem, transferência e clínica, a cada ato de enunciação que ali se apresenta. / In this thesis, the issue in question is the relation between knowledge and doing, which are based on questions from the practice in the clinical field of language disorders. Since transference and language are articulated in the relationships that take place within this clinic, they are the leading question. Stemming from the leading question, the following relations are speculated: the relations between the therapist and his patient, the therapist and the parents (in the case of childhood), the therapist and other professionals, and the therapist and his work. The discussion begins with the study of the History of the Clinic, in order to understand nowadays how to configure notions such as normal/pathological symptom in the Speech-Language Pathology Clinic and how best to contextualize them in the clinic of language disorders. The first part is based on the Freud-Lacanian Psychoanalysis, which is based mainly on the notion of Transference, which, together with its derivations, is “translated” into the field of the clinic of language disorders with the function of inaugurating, constituting and sustaining the relationships that are built in this clinic. The next moment is based on Linguistics, especially in Studies on the Enunciation of Émile Benveniste, as a way of understanding the movements between I”, you” and he that occur to each act of enunciation. Having all these reflections at hand, the intersections between what clinical practice interrogates and what echoes are made from the readings made. Finally, we found out that the relationships between the knowledge and the performance in the clinic of language disorders are always based on the movements that happen among language, transference and clinic in each act of enunciation that occurs there.

Afin d'identifier finement les facteurs de vulnérabilité et de protection face au risque d'illettrisme, nous avons choisi une méthode de recherche qualitative, fondée sur la théorisation ancrée, le complémentarisme et la triangulation. Nous avons rencontré vingt-trois adolescents en situation d'illettrisme, scolarisés dans six lycées professionnels parisiens, leurs parents et leurs enseignants, dans le cadre d'entretiens semi-directifs. Ce processus de recherche nous a peu à peu permis d'élaborer les guides d'analyse T.FAME et T.FAME sco, qui permettent une analyse fine de processus de filiation, affiliations et métissage, concernant les cultures ethniques - y compris sociales et régionales - et les cultures scolaires respectivement. L'analyse transversale du matériel recueilli fait ressortir une importante altération de la fonction parentale dans la migration, qui entrave la transmission transgénérationnelle des savoirs familiaux à l'enfant et entraîne pour l'enfant un important sentiment d'insécurité et d'illégitimité dans le cadre scolaire, qui se traduit par des difficultés d'apprentissage, notamment au moment de l'entrée dans l'écrit, et une difficulté à tirer profit des aides extérieures proposées. Cependant, le désengagement scolaire qui en découle semble avant tout constituer une stratégie de sauvegarde narcissique face à l'échec mais aussi une stratégie de sauvegarde des savoirs autres que scolaires. L'orientation en filière professionnelle offre une possibilité de reprise dans l'après-coup et de réinvestissement scolaire, que les enseignants de lycées professionnels sont susceptibles de favoriser. Ainsi, nos résultats nous amènent à poser l'hypothèse de l'illettrisme comme stratégie de résistance face à une école vécue comme coloniale. Nous avons de ce fait mis en œuvre le dispositif Métisco, premier dispositif de médiation scolaire transculturelle, pour accompagner les professionnels scolaires, leurs élèves et les parents d'élèves dans l'élaboration de ces enjeux collectifs et favoriser l'instauration d'une nécessaire alliance éducative. / In order to identify vulnerability and protection factors regarding the risk of illiteracy, we chose a qualitative research methodology, based on the grounded theory, complementarism and triangulation. We interviewed twenty-three illiterate teenagers in six Parisian Vocational high-schools, their parents and teachers. This process allowed us to develop the two guides T.FAME and T.FAME sco, in order to analyze transcultural processes such as filiations, affiliations and metissage, regarding ethnic cultures - including regional and social ones - and school cultures respectively. Transversal analyses show the importance of the maternal function alteration in the migration process, which hinders the transgenerational transmission of familial knowledge to children. This leads to children feeling insecure and illegitimate within the school environment, which causes learning difficulties, notably when it comes to reading and writing. It also leads to difficulties to benefit medical help. However, the resulting school disengagement appears to mainly constitute a strategy to preserve one's self esteem when facing failure, as well as to preserve knowledge other than the school one. Streaming towards vocational studies offers a possibility to reinvest school learning. Vocational teachers are an asset for such reconciliation. Thus, our results lead to the hypothesis of illiteracy as a resistance strategy against a school system which is experienced as a colonial one. We then developed Metisco, the first transcultural school mediation design. It aims at accompanying school professionals, their students and the students' parents to elaborate such conflicts and at promoting the instauration of a necessary educative alliance.

Hepatocyte transmembrane potential (Vm) behaves as an osmometer and varies with changes in extracellular osmotic pressure created by altering the NaCl concentration in the external medium (Howard, L.D. and Wondergem, R. (1987) J. Membr. Biol. 100, 53). We now have demonstrated similar effects on Vm by increasing external osmolality with added sucrose and not altering ionic strength. We also have demonstrated that hyperosmotic stress-induced depolarization of Vm results from changes in membrane K+ conductance, gK, rather than from changes in the K+ equilibrium potential. Vm and aki of hepatocytes in liver slices were measured by conventional and ion-sensitive microelectrodes, respectively. Cell water vols. were estimated by differences in wet and dry weights of liver slices after 10-min incubations. Effect of hyperosmotic medium on membrane transference number for K+, tk, was measured by effects on Vm of step-changes in external [K+]. Hepatocyte Vm decreased 34, 52 and 54% when tissue was superfused with medium made hyperosmotic with added sucrose (50, 100 and 150 mM). Correspondingly, aKi increased 10, 18 and 29% with this hyperosmotic stress of added sucrose. Tissue water of 2.92 ± 0.10 kg H2O/kg dry weight in control solution decreased to 2.60 ± 0.05, 2.25 ± 0.06 and 2.22 ± 0.05 kg H2O/kg dry weight with additions to medium of 50, 100 and 150 mM sucrose, respectively. Adding 50 mM sucrose to medium decreased tK from 0.20 ± 0.01 to 0.05 ± 0.01. Depolarization by 50% with hyperosmotic stress (100 mM sucrose) also occurred in Cl-free medium where Cl- was substituted with gluconate. We conclude that hepatocytes shrink during hyperosmotic stress, and the aKi increases. The accompanying decrease in Vm is opposite to that expected by an increase in aKi, and at least in part results from a concomitant decrease in gK. Changes in membrane Cl- conductance most likely do not contribute to osmotic stress-induced depolarization, since equivalent decreases in Vm occurred with added sucrose in cells depleted of Cl- by superfusing tissue with Cl-free medium.

[pt] Esta pesquisa procura apresentar os elementos básicos para o diálogo entre a Psicanálise e a Teologia Pastoral. Tal diálogo foi visto por muito tempo como impossível de acontecer. Muitos pensadores, de ambas as áreas, defenderam a ideia que a psicanálise e fé eram antagônicas entre si. Contudo, a discussão é fundamental para tensionar os dois polos de modo a perceber que psicanálise e religião, ou melhor, psicanálise e teologia pastoral podem sim ser grandes aliadas. No presente trabalho serão investigados a proximidade de Freud com a religião, principalmente a partir do seu diálogo com o amigo, psicanalista e pastor protestante Oskar Pfister; e também os fenômenos da transferência e contratransferência, que são tão caras para psicanálise, sendo percebidas por Freud e outros psicanalistas como uns dos principais elementos que levam ao sucesso ou ao fracasso na clínica psicanalítica. Através de uma inter-relação entre as questões abordadas, a pesquisa buscará apontar como o aconselhamento pastoral pode se beneficiar do conhecimento sobre o fenômeno da transferência: primeiro para saber os limites do aconselhamento e a possível necessidade de direcionamento a um profissional adequado; segundo, com o entendimento sobre como se manifesta a transferência do aconselhado e a contratransferência do conselheiro, de modo a ter um ambiente conciliador entre a pessoa que sofre e o conselheiro que a acolhe. Um aconselhamento pastoral que leva em conta os aspectos transferenciais é, portanto, uma pastoral que se preocupa com o indivíduo por completo, não apenas observando o que é dito, mas também toda a história daquele que sofre. / [en] The aim of the research is to present the basic elements for the dialogue between Psychoanalysis and Pastoral Counseling. Such dialogue was long seen as impossible to happen. Many thinkers, of both fields, defended the idea that Psychoanalysis and faith were antagonistic to each other. However, the discussion is essential to tension the two poles in order to realize that psychoanalysis and religion, or rather, psychoanalysis and pastoral theology can indeed be great allies. In the present work, will be investigated the proximity of Freud with religion, mainly from his dialogue with his friend, the psychoanalyst and Protestant pastor Oskar Pfister; and also the phenomenon of transference and countertransference, which are so important to psychoanalysis, being perceived by Freud and other psychoanalysts as one of the main elements that lead to the success or failure in the psychoanalytic clinic. Through an interrelationship between the two issues addressed, the research will seek to point out how pastoral counseling can benefit from knowledge about the phenomenon of transference: first to know the limits of counseling and the possible need for direction to a suitable professional; second, with the understanding of how the transference of the counselee and the countertransference of the counselor are manifested, in order to have a conciliatory environment between the person who suffers and the counselor who welcomes him. Therefore, a Pastoral counseling that takes into account the transference aspects is a pastoral that cares about the individual completely, not only observing what is said, but also the whole story of the one who suffers.

Inledning: Relationen mellan analytiker och patient i det terapeutiska rummet är av stor betydelse för terapin, men vilken betydelse har samma relation utanför nämnda rum? Frågeställningar: Denna studie syftar till att undersöka psykoanalytikers upplevelser av patientens närvaro i deras inre, utanför terapin, hur analytikern, det terapeutiska samarbetet och processen i terapin påverkas av detta. Metod: Fem analytiker intervjuades genom semistrukturerad kvalitativ intervju. Intervjuerna analyserades med Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Resultat: Analytikerna beskrev erfarenheter av en lugn, kreativ, rörlig och drömsk närvaro av patienten i terapeutens inre, av en betungande närvaro präglad av oro, av en närvaro präglad av både kärleksfulla känslor och oro, av en överföring och motöverföring präglad av stark aggressivitet, där analytikern känner sig ockuperad av patienten samt av patientens närvaro kopplad till rambrott. Diskussion: Samtliga analytiker uppgav att patienterna för dem blivit inre objekt, vilka utgjorde en bestående del av deras inre värld. Detta kunde upplevas både som berikande, i form av känslor av glädje, tillfredställelse och kreativitet, och krävande, i form av känslor av oro, frustration och ilska. I båda fallen upplevdes dock närvaron av patienten i analytikerns inre värld utanför terapin som en tillgång och ett verktyg i den terapeutiska processen. / Introduction: The relationship between analyst and patient in the therapeutic setting is of great importance in therapy, but what is the importance of this relationship outside the therapeutic setting? Question: The purpose of this study is to examine psychoanalysts’ experiences of the patient’s presence in their inner world, outside the therapeutic setting, how the analyst, the therapeutic collaboration and the therapeutic process are affected by this. Method: Five analysts were interviewed using semistructured qualitative interview. The interviews were analyzed using IPA. Results: The analysts described experiences of a calm, creative, fluid, dreamlike presence of the patient, of a burdening presence characterized by concern, of a presence characterized by feelings of both affection and concern, of a transference and counter transference characterized by aggression, where the analyst feels occupied by the patient, and of the patient’s presence linked to frame break. Discussion: All analysts stated that the patients had become internal objects, and a permanent part of their inner world. This could be experienced as both enriching, with feelings of joy, satisfaction and creativity, and demanding, with feelings of concern, frustration and anger. In both cases this presence was, however, experienced as an asset and a tool in the therapeutic process.

Parent-infant psychotherapy is a small but growing field in South Africa. Its potential to contribute to mental health services in South Africa is, by contrast, vast. This thesis contributes towards much-needed research on the state of the field in the country and its potential applications across different sectors. Drawing on Daniel Stern’s concept of ports of entry, it is argued that an expansion of ports of entry offers an important integrating tool through which different aspects of parent-infant psychotherapy can be examined and adapted to the South African context. A history of parent-infant psychotherapy in South Africa is offered, together with an analysis of the experiences of current practitioners in the field. These aspects of the thesis draw on interviews with key stakeholders. The dominant context of private practice is then explored through two case study based papers. The first explores the meaning of symptoms in parent-infant psychotherapy. The second introduces the ‘grandmaternal transference’ as an important but under developed port of entry. These different aspects of parent-infant psychotherapy in South Africa are then considered through the prism of ports of entry in order to argue for a flexing of the psychoanalytic frame. Implications for the growth of the parent-infant psychotherapy field in South Africa are considered.