Ce travail propose une lecture de la transgression au musée : elle se présente comme un prisme au travers duquel observer l’architecture des normes qui y régissent la conception et l’appréhension des savoirs. Le cas du musée de musique, étudié au travers d’une enquête menée dans deux musées différents (le musée de la Musique à Paris et le Grassi Museum für Musikinstrumente à Leipzig, Allemagne), éclaire la complexité des processus qui sous-tendent la construction de ces normes, et les problèmes qu’ils soulèvent. Les entretiens réalisés auprès de visiteurs ont en effet attiré l’attention sur le paradoxe de la muséalisation d’objets dont la fonction première est de produire de la musique. La première partie de ma thèse s’attache à démêler les diverses épistèmês sur lesquelles le musée d’instruments de musique repose. J’y montre les conceptions des savoirs musicaux autour desquelles les musées d’instruments se sont structurés et qu’ils ont façonnées en retour. Les réactions des visiteurs (parfois transgressives) face à la présentation des savoirs musicaux au musée attirent également l’attention sur les normes qui définissent la place de leurs savoirs dans la conception du musée comme institution. La deuxième partie s’articule ainsi autour d’une analyse de la subsomption de la singularité des visiteurs sous la catégorie de « public de musée » au tournant du 20e siècle. La troisième partie s’intéresse aux normes sensorielles imposées par le dispositif muséal. J’y analyse la conception du sensorium sur laquelle le musée se fonde pour transmettre des savoirs à son public, et y expose la façon dont les transgressions des visiteurs éclairent les limites de cette conception. / This research proposes an interpretation of transgression in the museum: it is understood as a prism through which to look at the architecture of the norms that govern the conceptual structure and apprehension of knowledge. The case of the music museum, observed through fieldwork in two different museums (the musée de la Musique in Paris and the Grassi Museum für Musikinstrumente in Leipzig, Germany), highlights the complexity of the steps undertaken to achieve this architecture and the problems they raise. The interviews held with visitors have indeed drawn attention to the paradox of musealizing objects which are primarily meant to produce music. The first part of my thesis intends to disentangle the multiple epistemes on which the museum of musical instruments is built. I point to the conceptions of musical knowledge around which instrument museums are organized and which they in turn, have helped to shape. The reactions of the visitors (some of them transgressive) when faced with the display of musical knowledge in the museum, also draws attention to the norms which delimit their status, and that of their own knowledge in the organization of the museum as an institution. The second part of the thesis is therefore structured around an analysis of the subsomption of the diversity of the museum visitors under the heading "museum audience" at the turn of the 20th Century. The third part focuses on the sensorial norms imposed by the museum apparatus. I analyze the conception of the sensorium on which the museum relies in order to transmit knowledge to its public and I show how the transgressions of visitors to the music museum shed light on the limits of this conception.

Autour de 1968, le théâtre, confronté à l’exigence de contemporanéité posée par les mouvements de contestation et au développement sans précédent des médias de la culture de masse, connaît une période intense de problématisation de sa puissance politique. Du fait même de sa marginalisation dans l’espace social, le théâtre devient une hétérotopie, c’est-à-dire un genre d’utopie effectivement réalisée : il oppose sa disposition communautaire à la masse indistincte des consommateurs, un discours de vérité aux mensonges des sociétés capitalistes et autoritaires, l’exposition d’une expérience authentique aux simulacres spectaculaires. Les pratiques théâtrales de Pasolini et de Fassbinder semblent participer de ce mouvement hétérotopique : les deux auteurs présentent le théâtre comme un art irréductible aux jeux du pouvoir, de la consommation et du spectacle. Pourtant ces pratiques apparaissent en déphasage avec les œuvres phares de ce moment théâtral. Cette thèse se propose d’envisager les trois types d’inactualité qui les caractérisent : inactualité thématique (leur rapport conflictuel aux mouvements contestataires étudiants ou gauchistes), inactualité esthétique (le choix de la parole au moment du règne scénique des corps, le primat accordé à la vie affective au détriment de sujets ouvertement politiques), inactualité « ontologique » (la minoration des effets de présence des corps scéniques). Pour cela, elle cherche à mettre en évidence les reprises de motifs centraux de la pratique théâtrale hétérotopique, mais aussi les déplacements qu’ils subissent dans les œuvres dramatiques et scéniques des deux auteurs. / Around 1968, the theatre, confronted with the requirements of contemporaneousness laid down by the protest movements and with the unprecedented development of the medias of mass culture, experiences an intense period of problematisation of its political power. Owing to its marginalization in the social space, the theatre becomes a heterotopia that is a kind of utopia actually achieved: it opposes its community tendency to the indistinct mass of consumers, a speech of truth to the lies of capitalistic and authoritarian societies, the display of a genuine experiment to spectacular simulacra. Pasolini’s and Fassbinder’s theatrical practices seem to be part of this heterotopical movement: both authors present the theatre as an art that withstands the games of power, of consumption and spectacle. Yet there seems to be a gap between these practices and the landmark works of the theatrical time. This thesis intends to consider the three types of unactuality that define them: thematic unactuality (their antagonistic relationships with the protest movements), aesthetic unactuality (the choice of the words whereas the bodies are preponderant on stage; the primacy given to the affective life rather than more evident political subjects), ontological unactuality (by reducing the effects of presence of the scenic bodies). Therefore, it tries to expound the repetition but also the redefinition of the important motifs of the theatrical heterotopical practice in the dramatic works and the performances of the two artists.

La performance, qui n'a pas cessé d'évoluer depuis les années 1960, est un médium qui invite à repenser les limites du corps. Elle est symbole de prise de contrôle de soi et d'un retour au charnel dans un monde contemporain régi par les machines. Médium privilégié des femmes et de leur auto-représentation, incarnation même de leur engagement féministe, transgression des valeurs religieuses, morales et aliénantes… elle s'articule entre le spectaculaire, la mise en scène ou l'exil, bouscule le réel grâce au direct et à l'effet parfois « coup de poing » qu'elle suscite. Elle navigue entre perte des repères, onirisme ou spiritualité artistique mais aussi entre politique sociale, radicalisme parfois et auto-dérision souvent. « Performer la femme sauvage » est une interrogation autour de la représentation, l'incarnation et la transgression du corps féminin et la prise de position « borderline » entre nature et culture, féminin-masculin, conte de fée et pornographie, chienne et louve, politique et poétique… Par le biais de deux écrivaines très distinctes mais qui ont une commune et impressionnante capacité à s'adresser à tous-tes, il sera question de voir comment certain-e-s artistes, grâce à leur engagement et leur force individuelle, permettent d'ouvrir une brèche dans laquelle toute personne peut se reconnaître. Ainsi, loin de cette « hétéro-normalisation » qui cantonne les femmes dans des rôles bien définis, la performance symbolise avant tout le droit de disposer de son propre corps sans entrave ni culpabilité, tout en invitant à se baser sur sa chair comme seule preuve d’existence. Développement intérieur et expérience ont fait de cette recherche le fruit d’un parcours singulier. / Performance - which has kept evolving since the 1960’s - is a medium that invites us to rethink the limits of the body. It is a symbol of taking control over oneself. It also implies a return to the physical, carnal world in our current society essentially ruled by technology. Performance is a medium of choice for women and their self-representation. It embodies their feminist commitment alongside the transgression of religious, moral and alienating values… it takes places somewhere between the show, staging or exile and shatters reality with its direct, « in your face » impact. Performance may not only emerge from disorientation, fantasy or artistic spirituality but also from some sort of radicalism and social politics often tinted with self-deprecating humour. « Performing wild woman » raises questions about the representation, the incarnation and the transgression of the female body and the « borderline » position between nature and culture, male and female, pornography and fairy tale, she-dog and she-wolf, fantasy and politics. Through the work of two very different writers sharing a common and impressive ability to address everyone, we shall study how it is possible for committed artists to open a breach to which everyone can identify. Finally, far from the « heterosexual normality » that confines women to specific roles, performance mostly symbolizes the right to reclaim enjoy one’s own body without guilt or restriction, inviting everyone to regard their flesh as the only proof of their existence. This research is the result of a particular journey made of internal development and experience.

Composition is a process of applied research. In a portfolio of eight original pieces, the technical and aesthetic components of this process are investigated from the perspective of several theoretical precepts which both inform and underpin its creative strategy. Drawing on theories of intertextuality, composition is collocated within a broad current of thought in which ideas and material from pre-existing ‘texts’ across a variety of disciplines are utilised and explored to create new compositional ‘texts’. This procedure is tested from several, key perspectives, characterised variously as: (i) problem-seeking, (ii) serendipitous, (iii) transgressive, and (iv) transcriptive. The first of these draws on John Dewey’s notions of art as a form of creative problematisation. In the second, techniques are developed in which performance flexibility is balanced against structural exactitude, aided by a series of parametric tables that outline a range of variables across the different elements of musical sound. As a transgressive process, compositional procedure is informed by Viktor Shklovsky’s theory of aesthetic defamiliarisation. Finally, as a form of transcription, the research draws on Ferruccio Busoni’s observations about notation and its key transmutational role in manipulating and recasting musical ideas. By adopting an eclectic attitude towards materials and techniques, a compositional strategy is formulated which offers an alternative to the assumption that advancement in the field is inevitably shaped by an ineluctable, dialectical process. A polyvalent approach and direct interaction with materials, it is argued, are the important creative ingredients which present valuable and meaningful developments in compositional language, form and technique.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

1 Abstract THE CONCEPT AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE TRANSGRESSION OF THE LIMITS OF SELF-DEFENCE AND NECESSITY As the name suggests, this Master's thesis examines the concept and legal consequences of transgression of the limits of self-defence and necessity. Self-defence and necessity, together with other circumstances excluding illegality, belong to the fundamentals of criminal liability. If all their conditions are fulfilled by some action, which would otherwise give raise to criminal liability, then these legal institutions exclude not only criminal liability, but also illegality of such action (i.e. such action is considered lawful). The purpose of the paper is to provide complex and understandable analysis of these two crucial legal institutions. The analysis is mainly focused on conditions of these legal institutions, which form their limits; determination of conditions which, if not met, constitute the transgression of the limits of self-defence or necessity, and content and cases of fulfilment or failure to fulfil these conditions. (Thus, the cases of the transgression of the limits of self-defence and necessity are examined.) After the analysis of such excesses, the thesis addresses specific issues connected with their legal consequences. The thesis is based on Czech legal regulation, namely the...

[pt] A presente dissertação tem por finalidade traçar um estudo acerca da possibilidade das toxicomanias servirem como um ponto de identificação na sociedade contemporânea, através de quatro vetores fundamentais: a relação de cumplicidade erigida com a figura materna, a inoperância da função paterna, a perda das identificações ideais e o sacrifício do corpo nas toxicomanias. A partir da análise do romance familiar do toxicômano, serão suscitadas questões sobre o que pode estar implicado na sustentação de sua posição. Será levantada, ainda, uma discussão a propósito do diagnóstico estrutural nas toxicomanias. / [en] This dissertation examines the ways in which toxicomanias may serve as an identity in contemporary society. The analysis is done based on four basic pillars: the complicity relationship with the mother figure, the failure of the paternal functions, the loss of ideal identifications, and the sacrifices the body is subject to in toxicomanias. In understanding and following the drug addict`s family relations, many questions can be raised as to the environment that led to that condition. On another level, a debate can also be raised as to psychoanalytical diagnosis in toxicomanias - neurosis, psychosis, perversion.

A partir des deux romans d’Ángeles Mastretta, Arráncame la vida et Mal de amores – dont la publication est séparée par un écart de dix ans – nous nous attachons à montrer comment le personnage féminin répond à un projet spécifique de représentation et d’écriture. Notre étude met en relief aussi bien la variété des personnages constituant le « personnel » des deux romans que les constantes nous permettant d’établir un « système de personnages » qui répond à l’exploration d’une thématique chère à la romancière : le statut de la femme dans la société, ses possibilités d’action ainsi que les relations de couple, qui occupent une place importante dans l’œuvre romanesque de Mastretta. La première partie de cette analyse met en évidence la suprématie du personnage féminin dans l’espace textuel qui lui est consacré, tout en démontrant l’importance des personnages masculins dans la construction de figures féminines transgressives. La deuxième partie de cette étude propose d’examiner comment les figures romanesques s’inscrivent dans un espace et une Histoire essentiels à la construction et la représentation d’un nouveau regard portant aussi bien sur des espaces traditionnellement hostiles (présents dans les textes pour être subvertis) que sur la retranscription de faits fondamentaux de l’histoire mexicaine, proposant un nouveau regard sur l’Histoire. Enfin, la troisième partie s’attache à souligner l’originalité d’une écriture qui, sous l’apparence de la légèreté et la simplicité, produit de nombreux effets de sens grâce à l’humour et à l’ironie, au mélange de genres littéraires et aux références à la culture populaire. / On the basis of two novels by Ángeles Mastretta, Arráncame la vida and Mal de amores - whose publication is separated by a ten years interval – I have attempted to show how the female character responds to a specific project of representation and writing. The present thesis emphasises both the variety of characters in the two novels and the constants that allow establishing a "system of characters" corresponding to the exploration of the subject matter dear to the novelist: the status of women in the society, their possibilities to act as well as the relationships they enter, which have a prominent place in Mastretta’s novels. The first part of this analysis underlines the supremacy of the female character in the textual space devoted to it, while demonstrating the importance of male characters in the construction of transgressive female figures. The second part of the present study examines how the characters fit into a fictional space and the history crucial for the construction and representation of a new regard both on the traditionally hostile spheres (present in the texts to be subverted) and on the transcript of the fundamental facts of the history of Mexico that offers a new perspective on the history. Finally, the third part puts emphasis on the originality of writing that, under the appearance of lightness and simplicity, creates numerous shades of meaning through humour and irony, the mixture of literary genres and references to popular culture.

Este trabalho de pesquisa tem por objetivo estudar a singularidade da obra Aventuras de Diófanes, de Theresa Margarida da Silva e Orta, escritora portuguesa de meados do século XVIII. O fato de Theresa Margarida não pertencer aos cânones da literatura portuguesa nem da feminina constitui uma problemática que se buscou explicar neste trabalho. Criadora de um protorromance inspirado em obras clássicas como Odisséia (de Homero) e Télémaque (de Fénelon), Theresa Margarida é vista, nesta tese, como um retratista feminino dos cenários políticos, religiosos, sociais e culturais da época, em um ambiente dominantemente masculino. Como das mulheres letradas só era esperada e permitida a produção poética, a postura da autora portuguesa tem a conotação de transgressora, à luz dos conceitos de Foucault. O Iluminismo, a clandestinidade, os estrangeirados, o imaginário português, todas estas idéias entrelaçadas constituem redes de significantes e de memória que denunciam uma produção pioneira. O olhar pesquisador não se restringiu à poesia portuguesa, buscando também respostas em autoras como a mexicana Sóror Juana Inês de La Cruz, como modelo de cavilação e rebeldia. Por outro lado, há ainda a possibilidade de a obra estar, veladamente, apresentando um teatro familiar, semelhante à própria vida da autora. Sob este aspecto, alguns pontos da Psicanálise foram auxiliares na análise da criação da principal personagem feminina. Com este estudo esperouse contribuir criticamente para uma nova dimensão de conhecimento da Literatura Portuguesa, à luz da História e do sistema literário, na confluência do texto, do discurso e da ideologia / The present work aims to study and research the uniqueness of the novel Aventuras de Diófanes, written by Theresa Margarida da Silva e Orta, Portuguese author and writer from the early 18th Century. The fact that Theresa Margarida was not part of the canons of neither Portuguese nor feminine literature is the main point of this investigation. Inspired by Homers Odyssey and Fénelons Télémaque, Theresa Margarida, who created the protorromance, is faced by this work as a female portraitist of the political, religious, social, and cultural scenarios of her time, within a dominantly male environment. The Portuguese writer can be considered a transgressor of that time, through the thoughts of Foucault, once from the educated women was expected nothing but poetry production. The enlightment, the secrecy, the estrangeirados, the Portuguese subconscious, were all ideas that created a net of meanings and memories leading to a breakthrough literary production. This research is not restricted to the Portuguese poetry, but also tries to find answers within the work of female writers such as the Mexican Sóror Juana Inês de La Cruz, as a rolemodel of being rebel and not mainstream. On the other hand, there is a chance of this work introducing a familybased play, similar to the analyzed authors life. The Psychoanalysis helped us with the task of examining the creation of the main female character. This work intends to critically contribute for a new perspective of studying and understanding Portuguese Literature, within the fields of History and the literary system, and the intersection of text, speech, and ideology.