Bakgrund: I sjukhusets unika miljö kan vikten av effektiva flöden ha avgörande betydelse för liv eller död. Förutsättningarna för logistiken i ett sjukhus är föränderlig och för att hänga med i olika förbättringstekniker måste sjukhusen utvecklas. Lösningen kan vara lean i sjukvård, men forskningen inom området är begränsad, vilket ger upphov till fortsatta studier inom ämnet.   Syfte: Studien syftar till att ge utökad kunskap om lean genom att ta reda på utmaningar för samordning av två varuförsörjningsflöden samt identifiera faktorer för effektiv varuförsörjning inom sjukvården. Metod: För att besvara syftet och forskningsfrågorna har en abduktiv ansats använts, där litteraturen inhämtats parallellt med empirisk data från en fallstudie på Gävle sjukhus. Teori från litteraturen och resultatet från fallstudien har analyserats, diskuterats och utifrån analysen har en slutsats utarbetats. Resultat: Studiens resultat är en värdeflödesanalys av processen för den interna varuförsörjningen av förbrukningsartiklar på Gävle sjukhus. Genom kartläggningen åskådliggörs slöserier som de separata flödena ger upphov till.     Begränsningar: Området för lean och logistik i sjukvård är delvis outforskat och området är i behov av utvecklad kunskap. Då sjukhusets avdelningar tycks ha olika hantering för den interna varuförsörjningen hade ett utökat antal inkluderade informanter varit gynnsamt för studien. Implikationer: Studien utökar kunskapen för ämnet genom att identifiera utmaningar med arbetskulturen samt svårigheter i att standardisera processer och eliminera slöserier. Studien identifierar därtill informationsflöde, systemstöd och värdeflödesanalys som betydelsefulla faktorer för effektiv varuförsörjning på ett sjukhus. Dessutom definieras ett uttryck för logistiken i sjukhus – sjukhuslogistik. / Background: In the unique environment of a hospital the importance of efficient logistics can be a matter of life and death. The conditions for the logistics in a hospital are constantly changing and to keep up with progress being made in different techniques of improvement hospitals must evolve. The answer could be lean healthcare but the research in this area is limited and thus more studies are required. Purpose: This study aims to broaden the knowledge about lean healthcare, through exploring the challenges involved with coordination of supply flows and also by identifying success factors of efficient supply flows. Method: To answer the purpose and the research questions the study utilizes an abductive approach where the literature has been acquired in parallel with the empirical data from a case study made on Gävle hospital. Both theoretical and empirical data has then been analyzed and through this analysis a conclusion has been formed. Findings: The study is made by a value stream mapping of the internal supply chain of consumable goods at Gävle hospital. Through the mapping numerous areas of waste can be identified, which is the result of having separate supply chains. Limitations: More research in the area of using lean and logistics in combination with healthcare are still needed. Since management of the internal supply chain varies at the different hospital departments an increased number of informants would have been favorable for the study. Implications: This paper explores the topic by identifying challenges within the work culture, difficulties with standardization of processes and eliminating waste. The study also identifies flow of information, system support and value stream mapping as success factors for an efficient internal supply chain within a hospital. Because there is a lack of vocabulary for describing the area of healthcare logistics in the Swedish Language, a definition for this is also contributed in the study.

The movement and handling of material are necessary activities, however, commonly regarded as waste. Moving and handling material more times and over longer distance than necessary is time consuming, costly and unproductive. Therefore, a suitable material handling (MH) system with appropriate facility layout is advocated. The purpose of this thesis is to explore options for material flow improvements and handling of material in production area. This comprises of a study of the material flow from storage to production areas and the handling of material in production section A. If necessary for improvements of material flow, a change in layout design will be recommended. The research approach for this thesis is a case study where data has been collected from documents, observations and interviews. The study shows that 9 % of the production time of one article is spent on manual material handling (MMH). These activities are classified as both waste and necessary, however not adding any value. The same applies for the material flow. Unnecessary distances of movements are caused by the current location of storage, operations and lack of proper structure for handling and moving material. The contribution of this study is a list of suggestions for improving the material flow and handling. Changes for improvements are, namely, availability of appropriate equipment, storing materials closer to the operations and investing in automation and vision systems with cameras of robots. The material flow and the way the material is handled can further beimproved by a change in the layout of the production area. Connecting and rearranging operations can shorter and ease the movement of material with ample space to handle the material.

Till följd av ökande krav från kunder blir dagens konkurrenssituation på marknaden allt hårdare för företag. Dessa krav bidrar till att företagen måste satsa på ökad effektivitet och långsiktig lönsamhet. Lean är ett känt begrepp inom industrin som vid implementering syftar till att reducerar eller eliminera slöseri i informations- och materialflöden vilket leder till effektivisering. Denna studie bygger på ett problem som existerar i ett flertal informations- och materialflöden i en processindustri. Fallföretaget i denna studie är Iggesund Paperboard som önskar klarhet angående flödena samt minskade ledtider och lagernivåer. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur internt materialflöde samt beställning och prognostisering av material kan effektiviseras för att reducera ledtid och lagernivåer. Studien utfördes genom en fallstudie där datainsamling på fallföretaget samlades in genom intervjuer, observationer och dokumentstudier. Parallellt samlades information också in genom litteratur. Datainsamlingen utgjorde sedan underlag till analys och slutsatser för denna studie. Resultatet i form av kartläggningen av informations- och materialflöden visar på ett komplext flöde med många aktiviteter som bidrar till slöseri. Orsakerna till slöseri i flödena är varierande och bidrar till ökade ledtider och lagernivåer. Vid kartläggningen utformades två bilder med två värdeflöden i varje bild som tillsammans med förbättringsförslag kan skapa kontroll och minska ledtider och lagernivåer. Det vetenskapliga bidrag som denna studie frambringar är att utöka kunskapen inom dokumentering och analysering, samt tillämpning av lösningar baserade på filosofin inom Lean, för administrativa arbetsuppgifter. Bidraget är således att kombinera och utföra samma tillämpning på ett informations- och materialflöde i helhet och inte var för sig. Förslag till vidare forskning är att utföra undersökningen som gjort i studien under en längre tidsperiod samt i fler miljöer för att ge prov på ökad trovärdighet. / Companies meet tougher competition at the marketplace as a consequence of increasing customer demand. As a result they have to focus on increasing their efficiency and look for long-term profitability. Lean is a known concept within the world of industries that aims to reduces or eliminates waste in information- and material flows which will lead to effectiveness. The findings of his study are based on a problem within a process industry. The problem comprises information- and material flows where the company Iggesund Paper requests clarity in the flows, and reduced lead time and stock levels. The purpose with this study is to investigate how internal material flow, forecasting orders and ordering materials can be developed to be more efficient and reduce lead-time and stock levels. This study is carried out as a case-study where the data was collected through interviews, observations, document studies and literature review. The data collection gave a solid ground for further analysis and conclusions. The value stream mapping and the description of the information- and material flows indicates and identifies complexity and activities contributing to waste. This situation leads to increasing lead-times and stock levels. The cause of the situation is varied but with the maps of the flows and the improvement proposals improvements can be made and effectiveness can be achieved. The theoretical contribution of this study is to extend research and considering applying tools within the Lean philosophy on administrative work, and together with the same application on work with material flow this study combine the proposals of improvements for the entire process. Suggestions for further research are to extend the time of the field study and likewise apply the methods of the study in additional situations to extend the validity and reliability.

Submitted by Bruna Rodrigues (bruna92rodrigues@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-30T14:08:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissISMR.pdf: 5225633 bytes, checksum: 3964aaa110c5fcc9937a9703d753f179 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:50:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissISMR.pdf: 5225633 bytes, checksum: 3964aaa110c5fcc9937a9703d753f179 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marina Freitas (marinapf@ufscar.br) on 2016-10-04T18:50:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissISMR.pdf: 5225633 bytes, checksum: 3964aaa110c5fcc9937a9703d753f179 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-04T18:50:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissISMR.pdf: 5225633 bytes, checksum: 3964aaa110c5fcc9937a9703d753f179 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-25 / Não recebi financiamento / In the current globalized world, the market is characterized by the high competitiveness, easy access to information and high consumer demand. The analysis of the impacts of lean office application to the supply unit on a construction company is very relevant, considering that companies focused on the civil construction area depend for consolidation of their businesses, efficient management strategies and suppliers of materials and services, external to their organization. The use of lean office as a management tool in the purchasing department of construction companies offers a competitive advantage amid the current market situation. Thereby, this study seeks to clearly conceptualize the lean philosophy and its tools as well as the management of the information systems and also the management of the supply chain, among other aspects. One construction company was then selected for the design research. This company contributes with information for the accomplishment of this work. The method used in this dissertation consists in describing the company, drawing the preliminary map of the supply unit, from this, it was possible to draw up the value stream map in the present state. With this map it could be analyzed and proposing improvements in the production process and then, designed a value stream map in the future state, applying these enhancements. The results led to the identification of flaws and possible opportunities for management improvements in the company. / No atual contexto globalizado o mercado é caracterizado pela alta competitividade, fácil acesso às informações e elevada exigência do consumidor. A análise dos impactos da aplicação do lean office na unidade de suprimentos de uma construtora, é de alta relevância, visto que empresas voltadas à área da construção civil dependem, para consolidação dos seus empreendimentos, de estratégias de gestão eficientes e de fornecedores de materiais e serviços externos à sua organização. Sendo assim, a utilização do lean office, como ferramenta gerencial na unidade de compras, oferece às empresas construtoras uma vantagem competitiva em meio à presente situação do mercado. O presente trabalho procurou conceituar a filosofia enxuta e suas ferramentas, o gerenciamento dos sistemas de informação e a gestão do setor de suprimentos, entre outros aspectos. A partir destes, buscou-se uma empresa construtora para realizar uma pesquisa-ação. Esta construtora contribuiu com informações necessárias para realizar esta dissertação. O método utilizado nesta dissertação consiste em descrever a empresa, desenhar o mapa preliminar da unidade de suprimentos e a partir deste elaborar o mapa de fluxo de valor presente para a unidade, analisando-o e propondo melhorias em seu processo de produção. Em seguida criar um mapa de fluxo de valor no estado futuro, aplicando estes aprimoramentos. Os resultados levaram à identificação das falhas e das possíveis oportunidades de melhorias de gestão na empresa estudada.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T14:53:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2225329 bytes, checksum: aeb2b58ce9683163296978cd44822c1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation concerns the application of the Activity Based Costing method (ABC) as a tool to hold cost reduction in service companies. The first step was the contextualization of the method importance followed by the justification of the research. After that, a literary review was made and it involved value chain, cost management, ABC method, time-driven ABC, target costing, kaizen costing, value stream mapping and tourism. Based on the researched literature this survey could be separated in three phases: (1) application of the costing method in service costing, (2) application of the value stream mapping in services with a greater incidence of indirect costs and (3) suggestion of a more appropriated cost reduction technique to the service in analysis. This research is exploratory and applied; it is also focused on three case studies in service, two restaurants and a travel agency. The results obtained with the survey indicate service costs and point out the ABC method as an auxiliary tool in the search for cost reduction, having in mind that the more accurate treatment of indirect costs provided by ABC method facilitated the identification of the services which needed wastage analysis. In the last chapter the final considerations related to the research are presented as well as suggestions for future searches. / Esta dissertação trata da aplicação do método de custeio ABC (Activity Based Costs) como ferramenta de suporte à redução de custos em empresas no setor de serviços. Primeiramente, contextualizou-se a importância do método e justificou-se a realização da pesquisa. Em uma etapa posterior realizou-se uma revisão de literatura sobre cadeia de valor, gestão de custos, método de custeio ABC, time-driven ABC, custeio-meta, custeio kaizen, mapeamento do fluxo de valor, finalizando com uma breve revisão no setor de serviços com ênfase na atividade turística. Baseado na literatura pesquisada dividiu-se este estudo de caso em três fases: (1) Aplicação do método de custeio ABC em três empresas do setor serviços, (2) Aplicação do mapeamento do fluxo de valor nos serviços com maiores incidências de custos indiretos e (3) sugestão de técnica de redução de custos mais apropriada para o serviço em análise. A pesquisa possui natureza exploratória e aplicada, focada em um estudo de três casos no setor de serviços, dois restaurantes e uma agência de viagens. Os resultados obtidos na pesquisa indicam os custos dos serviços prestados e aponta o ABC como uma ferramenta auxiliar na busca pela redução de custos, pois o tratamento mais acurado dos custos indiretos fornecido pelo ABC facilitou a identificação dos serviços que necessitavam de uma análise nos desperdícios. No último capítulo são apresentadas as considerações finais acerca da pesquisa e sugestões de pesquisas futuras.

Orientador: Paulo Correa Lima / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T04:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Calado_RobisomDamasceno_M.pdf: 2515663 bytes, checksum: 21c4fbba4a8cbe4ea49b31b3b7a19b49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A competitividade em mercados globalizados, bem como a inovação e difusão de novas técnicas e métodos, oriundas do Sistema Toyota de Produção e Controle de Qualidade Total, são aplicadas em fábricas de todo o mundo e tem alavancado constante melhoria nos postos de trabalho e considerável redução dos riscos de acidente, pois a segurança está no escopo da melhoria de produtividade e qualidade. Neste trabalho foca-se a eliminação do risco de acidente (problemática específica do objeto de estudo) através da aplicação dos conceitos e ferramentas da manufatura enxuta, como mapeamento do fluxo de valor e célula de manufatura, de forma integrada ao objeto de estudo e seus trabalhadores com uso da metodologia de pesquisa-ação, desta forma foi possível obter resultados qualitativos e aumento da produtividade no processo de injeção e tampografia de peças plásticas, este trabalho pode servir de motivação e fonte de pesquisa para se implementar melhorias nas inúmeras empresas do ramo plástico entre outros segmentos de manufatura de bens de consumo / Abstract: The competitiveness in global markets, as well as the innovation and diffusion of new techniques and methods, original from Toyota Production System and Total Quality Control, are applied in factories worldwide and have provided continuous improvement in workstations and a deep reduction of accident risks, because larger safety is the target of productivity improvement and quality. In this paper focused the elimination of the accident risk (specific problem of the object of study) through the application of the concepts and tools of Lean manufacturing, as Value Stream Mapping and Manufacture Cell, on way integrated the study object and their workers with use of research-action methodology, have been able to obtain qualitative results that can be useful as motivation and research sources for improvements implementation in many companies of plastic activity among other segments of consumption goods production / Mestrado / Materiais e Processos de Fabricação / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador: Antonio Batocchio / Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T07:20:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fagundes_RenatoAlexandre_M.pdf: 1173048 bytes, checksum: f9c42d8865a1d2718c308d673b82bd20 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo a implementação de um processo cadenciador (ou puxador) na linha de produção de uma indústria fabricante de placas de circuito impresso rígidas, focando principalmente na implantação de um sistema cadenciador para que o fluxo de produção flua de uma maneira cadenciada e limpa para atender uma determinada família de produtos de placas de circuito impresso rígido (não metalizadas ¿simples face¿ e metalizadas ¿dupla face¿). A montagem da célula de produção para o estudo foi desenvolvida a partir da análise da técnica de mapeamento de fluxo estendido para se obter a melhor produtividade do sistema e atender as demandas do cliente final. A existência de algumas formas de variabilidades nos tempos takt, balanceamento de operadores, tempo para troca de modelos e dimensionamento do ciclo de máquinas foram estudadas e apresentadas buscando sempre uma otimização do fluxo contínuo dentro do processo cadenciador. Através das técnicas de mapeamento de fluxo de valor foi montado um mapa de estado atual e futuro o qual nos permite visualizar de uma maneira mais clara as correções propostas. Palavras chaves: Manufatura enxuta, Mapeamento de Fluxo de Valor, Tempo Takt, OBC / Abstract: This work has as objective the implementation of a pacemaker process in the line of production of an industry manufacturer of rigid printed circuit board, where the major is on the implantation of a pacemaker process allowing a production flow clean and smoth for one definitive product family of the printed circuit board (not metallized "single face" and metallized "double face"). The assembly of the cell of production for the study was developed from the analysis of the technique of Mapping Stream Value to get the best productivity of the system and to take care of the demands of the final customer. The existence of some forms of variabilities like : takt time, balancing of operators, time for exchange of models and sizing of the cycle of machines had been studied and presented searching always an optimization of the continuous flow inside of the pacemaker process. Through the techniques of Mapping Stream Value from the current state to future state was mounted which in allows them to visualize in a clear way of the corrections proposals. Key words- Lean Manufacturing, Value Stream Mapping, Takt Time, OBC / Mestrado / Planejamento e Gestão Estrategica da Manufatura / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Abstract ------------- Background ---------------- Like other businesses, the failures and problems faced by the software development industry over the time have motivated experts to look for software process improvement to create quality software rapidly, repeatedly, and reliably. Objective ------------ The purpose of this study is to evaluate if and how Lean thinking and principles primarily associated with auto manufacturing industry can be applied to software development lifecycle for Software Process Improvement (SPI). The secondary aim is to analyze how BPR can be integrated with Lean software development for process improvement. Method ---------- A derived Lean-BPR adoption pattern model is used as a theoretical framework for this thesis. The seven Lean software development principles along with four-step BPR process are selected as process improvement patterns, which effects the KPIs of a software organization. This research study incorporates both Qualitative and Quantitative methods and data to analyze the objectives of this study. The methodological framework of Plan-Do-Check-Act is used in the case study to implement process re-engineering incorporating Lean and BPR principles. The impact of adopting the Lean and BPR principles is assessed in terms of cost, productivity, quality of products and resource management. Results ---------- Application of Lean and BPR principles for software process improvement in the organization under study resulted in 79% improvement in test coverage, 60% reduction in time for test execution and analysis and 44% reduction in cost for fixing defects that were being passed to customer in past. Conclusion ------------- Based on case study results, it can be concluded that Lean, a bottom up approach, characterized by empowerment of employees to analyze and improve their own working process can be effectively combined with IT centric traditionally top down BPR approach for improving KPI’s and software processes. / +45 40968458

The topic of this thesis is to optimize the production process of ferrite cores in the company Epcos, Ltd. The work is divided into theoretical, analytical and design part. The first part of the thesis contains theoretical knowledge within the field of lean manufacturing, process mapping and mapping value streams. Based on these findings is determined the theoretical basis for the processing of other parts of the thesis. The aim of the analytical part of the analysis is to map the current state of the manufacturing process, finding bottlenecks, evaluating the results of analysis of the current state, which will be used for the design part of the thesis, to develop proposals for optimizing production bottlenecks and evaluate their contribution.

Bakgrund: Kostnadsökningen inom hälso- och sjukvården har varit ett stort problem sedan 1980-talet och kommer att fortsätta vara ett problem i framtiden. Det har lett till en mer ansträngd ekonomisk situation som hälso- och sjukvården fått förhålla sig till. Därför är det av stor vikt att de disponibla medel som finns inom hälso- och sjukvården allokeras till de områden där de skapar som mest nytta. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att göra en hälsoekonomisk utvärdering av ett nytt arbetssätt för behandling av knäskador på ortopedkliniken på Länssjukhuset i Kalmar. Metodval: Studien är utformad som en utvärderingsstudie med en abduktiv utgångspunkt. Datainsamlingen har skett utifrån semistrukturerade intervjuer på LSK med personal som är involverad i projektet. Utöver de semistrukturerade intervjuerna har även numeriska data utgjort en del av studiens empiri. Slutsats: Efter genomförd studie kan vi konstatera att fler hälsoekonomiska utvärderingar behövs på icke-nationella nivåer för att stödja verksamheter inom hälso- och sjukvården. Det är viktigt att det aktivt arbetas med effektiviseringsarbeten inom offentliga verksamheter som främst finansieras av skattemedel. Vi kan även konstatera att det nya arbetssättet är mer lönsamt än det gamla både monetärt och icke-monetärt där förändringen bidragit med flera vinningar som exempelvis kortare ledtider, bättre samarbete och utökad kompetens. / Background: The cost increase in healthcare has been a major problem since the 1980s and will continue to be a problem in the future. This has led to a more strained economic situation for the healthcare sector. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that the available funds in the healthcare sector are allocated to the areas where they are most beneficial.  Purpose: The purpose of this study is to make a health-economic evaluation of a new work procedure for the treatment of knee injuries at the orthopedic clinic at Kalmar’s County Hospital. Method: The study is designed as an evaluation study with an abductive outset. The data collection has been based on semi-structured interviews at LSK with the staff that was involved in the project. In addition to the semi-structured interviews, numerical data has also been part of the study for the empirical data collection. Conclusion: After completion of the study, we can state that more health-economic evaluations are needed at non-national levels to support healthcare organisations. It is important to actively work with efficiency initiatives in public organisations that are primarily funded by tax assets. We can also state that the new work procedure is more profitable than the old one, both monetary and non-monetary, where the change of work procedure has resulted in several non-monetary gains, such as shorter lead times, better cooperation and increased competence.