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Syftet med studien är att undersöka sambanden mellan unga fotbollsspelares sömn, fysiska prestation och psykiska hälsa. Genom en enkätundersökning fick 84 fotbollsspelande killar och tjejer i Östergötland (Sverige) svara på frågor om sin sömnkvalitet, psykiska hälsa och fysiska och mentala prestation. Det fanns ett positivt signifikant samband mellan psykisk hälsa och sömnkvalitet (r=0.524, p= <0.01), det fanns inga samband mellan psykisk hälsa och prestation (r = -0.098 p=0.38) eller mellan sömnkvalitet och prestation (r = -0.117, p= 0.29). Det fanns en signifikant skillnad i psykisk hälsa mellan könen där medelvärdet (SD) för tjejer var 13.36 (8.49), än hos killar, 6.54 (6.62), p= <0.001. Skillnaden i sömnkvalitet mellan könen var 6.47 (3.13) jämfört med 5.16 (3.30), p=0.035. Det visades även en skillnad i prestation där killarna skattade sin prestation högre än tjejerna i studien, 72.51 (14.65), jämfört med 64.49 (11.43), p=0.002. Denna studie visade att det fanns ett signifikant samband mellan sömn och psykisk hälsa då deltagarna som skattade sin sömnkvalitet som sämre, skattade även sin psykiska hälsa som sämre. Det visades inga signifikanta samband mellan sömn och prestation eller samband mellan prestation och psykisk hälsa. Det fanns en signifikant skillnad mellan killar och tjejer i variablerna sömn, psykisk hälsa och prestation där tjejer rapporterade sämre resultat på sömnkvalitet och psykisk hälsa medan killarna rapporterade bättre poäng på prestation. / The purpose of the study is to investigate the links between young football players' sleep, physical performance, and mental health. Through a survey, 84 football-playing boys and girls in Östergötland (Sweden) answered questions about their sleep quality, mental health, and physical and mental performance. There was a positive significant relationship between mental health and sleep quality (r = 0.524, p = <0.01), there was no relationship between mental health and performance (r = -0.098 p = 0.38) and between sleep quality and performance (r = -0.117, p = 0.29). There was a significant difference in mental health between the sexes where the mean value (SD) for girls was 13.36 (8.49), then for boys, 6.54 (6.62), p = <0.001. The difference in sleep quality between the sexes was 6.47 (3.13) compared with 5.16 (3.30), p = 0.035. There was also a difference in performance where the boys rated their performance higher than the girls in the study, 72.51 (14.65), compared with 64.49 (11.43), p = 0.002. This study showed that there was a significant relationship between sleep and mental health as the participants who rate their sleep quality as worse, also rate their mental health as worse. No significant association between sleep and performance or association between performance and mental health was shown. There was a significant difference between boys and girls in the variables sleep, mental health and performance where girls reported higher results on sleep quality and mental health while boys reported higher scores on performance.

yes / This report is a summary of the views of a range of practitioners working in Bradford, Burnley and Oldham on the challenges of building community interaction in these three northern `cities¿ which experienced disturbances in 2001. Practitioners from a variety of professional backgrounds from each of the locations met in Burnley on January 12th 2007 to reflect together on the key challenges that they had faced since 2001 and the progress, or lack thereof, that has been made. Their observations were recorded and form the basis of this report. Despite the significant differences between the `cities¿ in their size, location and demographics, practitioners from the three locations seemed to broadly share the analysis of the progress made and of the threats to progress since the disturbances in 2001. Information-sharing between organizations in the `cities¿ has improved. Some organizations are able to move more quickly to reduce/prevent tensions building. More young women, particularly young Muslim women, are becoming involved at a community level bringing new perspectives and ways of thinking. Yet practitioners also identified a variety of conditions which continued to make the `cities¿ vulnerable to fresh disturbances in the future. Perhaps chief among these was the concern over the high levels of discontent expressed by young people in each of the locations. The relatively low levels of educational attainment and engagement, high levels of crime which young people can get `sucked into¿ and the low level of mixing between young people from different ethnic groupings were all seen as underlying factors which could lead to fresh disturbances. Added to this were serious concerns about the levels of racism in each of the `cities¿, a lack of equal opportunities and the pressures on particular communities from the press and the police. One participant articulated the basic question running throughout the practitioners¿ discussions, ¿We are probably ready to deal with the 2001 disturbances now, but are we ready for 2007?"

No / Twenty six young people with intellectual disabilities and mental health needs from Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities were recruited as part of a bigger study to examine the effectiveness of a liaison worker in helping young people and their families access appropriate intellectual disabilities and mental health services. Method Twelve young people were randomly allocated to the treatment group, which had the help of the liaison worker, and 14 young people were allocated to the control group without the help of a liaison worker. Baseline measures were undertaken with all the young people and their carers. This was followed by a 9-month trial, consisting of the liaison worker helping the treatment group to get in touch with and take up appropriate services, mainly in the areas of psychiatric appointments, benefits advice, house adaptations, leisure facilities and support and care for the young person. The control group participants did not have the access to the liaison worker and were accessing services using the normal routine. Assessments were carried out posttreatment to assess whether the use of a liaison worker had had any effect on outcomes for the two groups. Results Twelve young people completed the study in the treatment group and 14 in the control group. Participants allocated to the specialist liaison worker had statistically significantly more frequent contact with services and with more outcomes, than the control group, and significantly lower scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Conclusion The use of specialist liaison services in ensuring adequate access to services for young people with learning disabilities and mental health needs from the South Asian community proved to be significant and effective compared with young people and their families accessing services on their own.

Yes / Children’s hospices provide a range of family-centred care services, including bereavement support. Not all hospices provide specific services for grandparents. To explore how a hospice-based bereavement support group supported grandparents in their grief following the death of a grandchild. Methods: Grandparents attending a group were invited to complete an anonymous questionnaire. Questionnaires from eight groups, run between 2015 and 2019 were collated and interpreted to identify themes. Findings: 121 grandparents attended the groups; 113 returned the questionnaires (93% response). Three central themes were identified: environment and space, being with people who understand, and the opportunity to hear the stories of others. Grandparents valued hearing the stories of others, providing an opportunity to reflect on the experience of others. Conclusion: Grandparents felt supported and validated by the group. The facilitated sessions increased coping and resilience of participants, enabling grandparents to support their partner, adult children and surviving grandchildren more effectively.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Energidrycker har blivit en del av dagens konsumtionskultur och har gått från att vara en enkel läskedryck till att innehålla uppiggande ämnen som koffein, taurin, B-vitaminer, guarana och ginseng. Energidryckens popularitet sträcker sig över olika åldersgrupper och sammanhang. Denna dryckeskategori har väckt oro från både forskare och samhället, särskilt med avseende på dess påverkan på hälsan och dess likheter med läkemedel. Energidrycker har utvecklats till en omdiskuterad produktkategori, som förenar hälsoperspektiv, marknadsföringsfrågor och regleringar, vilket har frammanat behov av forskning och debatt inom området. Syfte: Att undersöka vilken utsträckning samt vilka motiv det finns bakom att ungdomar i åk 9 dricker energidryck.  Metod: Studien genomfördes med en webbenkät via Forms med elever i åk 9. Data bearbetades i Excel och redovisades deskriptivt. Resultat: Deltagarna i studien var 229 ungdomar i åk 9. Av dessa uppgav 82% (n=188) att de smakat energidryck. Medelåldern för första gången ungdomar smakade energidryck var 12,0 (±2,2) år. 45% (n=83) drack energidryck färre än en dag i veckan och 38% (n=71) drack energidryck 1 – 4 dagar/vecka. Gällande mängden ungdomarna drack var det 70% (n=129) som drack en burk/tillfälle. De främsta motiven för konsumtion av energidryck var smak, för att bli pigg och för att få extra energi. Ungdomarna drack energidryck mestadels i hemmet eller hos kompisar. Märket och priset var de vanligaste anledningarna till inköp av energidryck. 82% (n=151) av ungdomarnas föräldrar visste om deras konsumtion av energidryck varav 29% (n=51) inte tyckte om konsumtionen. Slutsats: Denna studie visar att en betydande majoritet av ungdomarna har provat energidrycker vid en medelålder på 12 år, trots att finns en rekommenderad åldersgräns på 15 år vid inköp av energidryck. De flesta ungdomarna konsumerade energidryck mer sällan och i mindre mängder, men det fanns även en betydande andel som konsumerade dem regelbundet och i större kvantiteter. Den omfattande digitala marknadsföringen av energidrycker riktad mot ungdomar kan vara en viktig påverkansfaktor som behöver regleras. Studien identifierar även könsskillnader i konsumtionen (ej statistiskt testat) där pojkar tenderade att dricka energidrycker något oftare och i större mängder än flickor. Föräldrars medvetenhet och acceptans av ungdomars konsumtion indikerar behovet av ökad förståelse hos vuxna om energidryckers påverkan på ungdomars välmående. / Abstract Background: Energy drinks have become a part of today's consumer culture and have gone from being a simple soft drink to containing stimulants such as caffeine, taurine, B vitamins, guarana, and ginseng. The popularity of energy drinks spans different age groups and contexts. This beverage category has raised concerns from both scientists and society, especially with regard to its impact on health and its similarities to pharmaceuticals. Energy drinks have developed into a controversial product category, combining health perspectives, marketing issues and regulations, which has prompted the need for research and debate in the field.  Aim: To investigate the extent and motives behind young people in grade 9 drinking energy drinks. Method: The study was conducted with a web survey via Forms with students in grade 9. The data was processed in Excel and reported descriptively.  Results: The participants in the study were 229 adolescents in grade 9. Of these, 82% (n=188) stated that they had tasted energy drinks. The average age at which young people first tasted energy drinks was 12.0 (±2.2) years. 45% (n=83) drank less energy drinks than one day a week and 38% (n=71) drank energy drinks 1-4 days/week. Regarding the amount the adolescents drank, 70% (n=129) drank one can/occasion. The main motives for the consumption of energy drinks were taste, to get alert and to get extra energy. The adolescents drank energy drinks mostly at home or at friends' houses. The brand and price were the most common reasons for purchasing energy drinks. 82% (n=151) of the adolescents' parents knew about their consumption of energy drinks, although 29% (n=51) did not like it.  Conclusion: This study shows that a significant majority of adolescents have tried energy drinks at an average age of 12 years, despite the fact that there is a recommended age limit of 15 years when purchasing energy drinks. Most of the adolescents consumed energy drinks less often and in smaller amounts, but there was also a significant proportion who consumed them regularly and in larger quantities. The extensive digital marketing of energy drinks aimed at young people may be an important influencing factor that needs to be regulated. The study also identifies gender differences in consumption (not statistically tested) where boys tended to drink energy drinks slightly more often and in larger amounts than girls. Parents' awareness and acceptance of adolescent consumption indicates the need for increased understanding among adults about the impact of energy drinks on adolescent well-being.

Bakgrund: Den psykiska hälsan hos barn och unga har försämrats vilket är oroande. Skolan är en viktig arena för hälsofrämjande arbete och barn och unga är en prioriterad grupp. Att arbeta för en stärkt psykisk hälsa skapar goda förutsättningar för en stark hälsa genom hela livet. Hälsofrämjande arbete fokuserar på att främja, stärka eller bibehålla människors fysiska, psykiska och sociala välbefinnande. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att sammanställa skolbaserade hälsofrämjande interventioner och faktorer relaterade till barns psykiska hälsa. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie där totalt nio artiklar inkluderats utifrån sökningar i databaserna CINAHL with fulltext och Web of Science. Artiklarna publicerades i databaserna mellan 2020–2024. Dessa inkluderade artiklar kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades genom att granska innehållet och sammanställa effekterna av interventionerna. Två kategorier utvecklades utifrån analysen: sociala och emotionella färdigheter samt kunskapseffekter och könsskillnader. Resultat: Resultatet av denna litteraturstudie visar att skolbaserade hälsofrämjande interventioner som fokuserar på att öka den kognitiva förståelsen för psykisk hälsa, kognitivbeteende terapi, odling i vatten, mindfulness, stresshantering samt synliggörandet av samarbetet mellan elever, lärare, familjer och skolledningen är de som har signifikanta effekter på den psykiska hälsan hos barn. Resultatet visar att sociala och emotionella aspekter samt kunskap är positivt för den psykiska hälsan. Information och kunskap leder till en högre tilltro till den egna förmågan samt ökar motivationen att genomföra hälsosamma interventioner. Resultatet visar även att anpassningar gällande hälsofrämjande interventioner bör göras mellan grupper och individer för att nå en mer jämställd hälsa. Slutsats: Alla barn och unga behöver socialt stöd, förmågan att förstå sina känslor samt ökad kunskap inom ämnet psykisk hälsa. Detta stärker och främjar barn och ungas psykiska mående samt att det långsiktigt skapar goda förutsättningar för en god hälsa. Denna litteraturstudie belyser att interventioner som stärker den psykiska hälsan bör ha ett utrymme i skolans främjande arbete för att stävja de oroande rapporterna som kommer om psykisk ohälsa. / Background: The mental health of children and adolescent has deteriorated, which is worrying. School is an important arena for health promotion work and children and young people are a priority group. Working for a strengthened mental health creates good conditions for strong health throughout life. Health promotion work focuses on promoting, strengthening or maintaining people's physical, mental and social well-being. The aim of this literature review was to compile school-based health promotion interventions and factors related to children's mental health. Method: A systematic literature study where a total of nine articles were included based on searches in the databases CINAHL with full text and Web of Science. The articles were published in the databases between 2019–2024. These included articles were quality reviewed and analyzed by reviewing the content and summarizing the effects of the interventions. Two categories were developed based on the analysis: social and emotional skills and knowledge effects and gender differences. Results: Results of this literature study shows that school-based health promotion interventions that focus on increasing the cognitive understanding of mental health, cognitive behavioral therapy, cultivation in water, mindfulness, stress management and the visibility of the collaboration between students, teachers, families and school management are those that have significant effects on the mental health of children. The results show that social and emotional aspects as well as knowledge are positive for mental health. Information and knowledge lead to a higher confidence in one's own ability and increase the motivation to carry out healthy interventions. The results also show that adaptations regarding health-promoting interventions should be made between groups and individuals to achieve more equal health. Conclusion: All children and young people need social support, the ability to understand their feelings and increased knowledge in the field of mental health. This strengthens and promotes the mental well-being of children and adolescent, and that it creates good conditions for good health in the long term. This literature study highlights that interventions that strengthen mental health should have a place in the school's promotion work. To curb the disturbing reports coming in about mental illness.

Does mediation via the Internet contribute to the use of the Bible as a cultural resource, and if so does this contribute to other ways of relating to the Bible as an authority? This is investigated in three steps. Firstly, quantitative survey data concerning Bible reading and other forms of contact with the Bible as well as attitudes to the Bible are scrutinized for variation over time and generational differences. Secondly, patterns of use on a Swedish Christian ecumenical web site on the Bible targeted at teenagers are explored. Thirdly interviews with young users of this web site are assessed in terms of detraditionalization. Earlier results emphasizing the privatizing effect of the mediation of religion are complemented by considering a cultural component against which the individual relates to religion in a manner which is both private and social. This study supports the findings of earlier studies on the Internet and religion, as to the significance of factors such as offline experiences of religion, attitude to pluralism, and technical features online. This study adds to those results by exposing how these features come into play in the use of a Christian website, and that such a site may also work as an arena for young people from diverse religious backgrounds. Thirdly, the role of the mediation of religion via the Internet for religious and social change is understood in a reciprocal manner: the Internet is a product of a time of insecurity, an agent contributing to this insecurity, as well as a cultural response to this insecurity. It is argued that the use of the studied website can be seen as detraditionalization, in terms of weakening of traditions and individualization of religion. The concept virtual plausibility structure is suggested for understanding the role of the Internet in between the individual and the social in late modernity.

Research has shown that we presently live in an era where birth rates are low and life expectancy is high, drawing the conclusion that older people will be part of young people’s lives for longer. Intergenerational relationships refer to the relationship between two or more generations and are crucial for growth within both generations, young and old. There are many stereotypes attached to old age, and it has been found that young people take on these stereotypes through the media and society. The aim of this study was to explore young people’s perceptions of older people before and after an ethnodrama presentation. Programme evaluation which forms part of applied qualitative research was used. The participants for the research were selected from four schools across Gauteng through convenience sampling, and their ages ranged from ten to sixteen years old. The presentation consisted of an icebreaker and the ethnodrama, which is defined as the dramatisation of researched data. The ethnodrama aimed at generating a better understanding of older people, and refuting negative perceptions associated with older people and aging. It was specifically aimed to tell a story of how older people are living in South-Africa based on previous research. The data, to determine the participants’ perceptions of older people, were collected by means of questionnaires containing open-ended questions. The data were obtained before and immediately after the presentation of the ethnodrama. Thematic analysis was used to transform the data into meaningful information. Findings in this study were not intended to generalize or prove the efficacy of the programme, but to establish how young people perceive older people and whether an ethnodrama presentation had any influence on these perceptions. The findings of the evaluation before the presentation revealed that young people have ambivalent, stereotypical or favourable perceptions of older people. The evaluation directly after the presentation showed a more nuanced description of older people, whereby younger people did not just describe them according to their identities as older people, but also described the relationship between young and old, and expressed an understanding for older people’s needs. In conclusion, the ethnodrama seemed to have an impact on younger people’s perceptions of older people, although stereotypical perceptions remained throughout the study. It is recommended that young people are encouraged to interact with older people from a young age in order to base their perceptions on first-hand accounts of experience gained through these interaction, and possibly dismiss any negative perceptions they may have. / MA (Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

Research has shown that we presently live in an era where birth rates are low and life expectancy is high, drawing the conclusion that older people will be part of young people’s lives for longer. Intergenerational relationships refer to the relationship between two or more generations and are crucial for growth within both generations, young and old. There are many stereotypes attached to old age, and it has been found that young people take on these stereotypes through the media and society. The aim of this study was to explore young people’s perceptions of older people before and after an ethnodrama presentation. Programme evaluation which forms part of applied qualitative research was used. The participants for the research were selected from four schools across Gauteng through convenience sampling, and their ages ranged from ten to sixteen years old. The presentation consisted of an icebreaker and the ethnodrama, which is defined as the dramatisation of researched data. The ethnodrama aimed at generating a better understanding of older people, and refuting negative perceptions associated with older people and aging. It was specifically aimed to tell a story of how older people are living in South-Africa based on previous research. The data, to determine the participants’ perceptions of older people, were collected by means of questionnaires containing open-ended questions. The data were obtained before and immediately after the presentation of the ethnodrama. Thematic analysis was used to transform the data into meaningful information. Findings in this study were not intended to generalize or prove the efficacy of the programme, but to establish how young people perceive older people and whether an ethnodrama presentation had any influence on these perceptions. The findings of the evaluation before the presentation revealed that young people have ambivalent, stereotypical or favourable perceptions of older people. The evaluation directly after the presentation showed a more nuanced description of older people, whereby younger people did not just describe them according to their identities as older people, but also described the relationship between young and old, and expressed an understanding for older people’s needs. In conclusion, the ethnodrama seemed to have an impact on younger people’s perceptions of older people, although stereotypical perceptions remained throughout the study. It is recommended that young people are encouraged to interact with older people from a young age in order to base their perceptions on first-hand accounts of experience gained through these interaction, and possibly dismiss any negative perceptions they may have. / MA (Psychology), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014