Rotavirus infection causes gastroenteritis, specifically severe gastroenteritis, affecting children younger than five globally, regardless of hygiene and water quality. Current licensed, live, attenuated vaccines do not contain the G9 genotype, which is a prevalent rotavirus strain circulating in sub-Saharan Africa, a region that carries a high rotavirus disease burden. Rotavirus-like particles (RV-VLPs) is an attractive non-live vaccine candidate, which has shown promising results in animal studies. Previously, dsRNA was extracted from a stool sample containing a South African human G9P[6] neonatal strain, and amplified cDNA using a sequence-independent procedure. The consensus sequence was obtained for the genome segments using 454® pyrosequencing. The insect-cell-codon-optimized genome segments 2 (VP2), 4 (VP4), 6 (VP6) and 9 (VP7) were cloned into a modified pFASTBACquad vector (pFBq). Several combinations of the genome segments were cloned to produce double-layered particles (DLP; pFBqVP2VP6) or triple-layered particles (TLP; pFBqVP2VP6VP7). In the current study, a ΔTLP (pFBqdVP2-VP8*VP6VP7) construct was generated. The first 92 amino acids of VP2 are not necessary for the conformation of recombinant RV-VLPs. The ORF of VP8*, which contains immune important epitopes, was fused to the 5’ end of the dVP2 coding region resulting in a dVP2-VP8* fused protein which was expressed in the presence of VP6 and VP7 to produce ΔTLPs. The Bac-to-Bac® Baculovirus Expression System and Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf) 9 insect cells were used for expression. All the proteins were successfully expressed. VP2, VP6, VP4 and the dVP2-VP8* fused protein were visible on Coomassie stained SDS-PAGE. Expression of VP7 could only be confirmed with western blot analysis. Particle formation, as assessed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), was observed for DLPs. No TLPs of dVP2-8*/6/7 or VP2/6/7 were visualized due to the lower expression level of VP7 and the lack of calcium supplements during the assembly process. In conclusion, it was possible to produce RV-DLPs derived from the consensus sequence determined for a G9P[6] rotavirus directly from stool without prior propagation in cell culture or virus isolation. This strain contains both the G9 and P[6] genotypes that are currently prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa. / Thesis (MSc (Biochemistry))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Many of the sources indicated in this work are classical and not updated due to the fact that the origins of Gestalt Philosophy are found in classical works / Verskeie van die geraadpleegde bronne in die literatuurhoofstukke verteenwoordig klassieke werke wat nie binne die erkende periode vir relevante wetenskaplike navorsing val nie. Die oorsprong van die Gestalt Filosofie wat in hierdie studie benut is, word in hierdie klassieke werke gevind en is ook in hierdie werke geraadpleeg / The Gestalt approach was used as the contextual framework to explore how music can be used as a therapeutic medium in the treatment of the emotionally traumatized child. Music as a sensory experience was used during the therapeutic process with each case study, to facilitate the child's process towards healing. The conceptual framework of music as a therapeutic medium was researched in depth to bring clarity to the influence it has on the emotional well-being of the child. The child who entered into therapy was selected according to specific criteria, with the experience of emotional trauma being priority. The researcher also studied the concept of emotional trauma in depth and the consequences it has on a child's overall functional ability. Music was used as an expressive technique during the therapeutic process with each child. The conclusion drawn from this study indicated that the gestalt approach can be applied effectively in using music as a therapeutic medium in the treatment of the emotionally traumatized child. / Die Gestalt benadering is gebruik in hierdie navorsing ten einde 'n kontekstuele raamwerk daar te stel waarbinne musiek as terapeutiese medium in die behandeling van emosionele trauma in kinders gebruik kon word. Musiek kan beskryf word as 'n sensoriese ervaring. Hierdie sensoriese ervaring is binne die terapeutiese proses toegepas ten einde die kind se herstelproses te fasiliteer. Die studie is binne die navorsingskonteks van gevallestudieprosedures gedoen. Musiek is binne die konseptuele raamwerk bestudeer en nagevors ten einde die terapeutiese waarde daarvan in diepte te ondersoek. Hierdie in-diepte ondersoek het aan die navorser 'n duidelike beeld gegee hoe dit toegepas kon word in terapie. Deur dit toe te pas in terapie is die invloed van musiek op die emosionele welsyn van die getraumatiseerde kind gedokumenteer. Die navorsingskriteria vir insluiting in die ondersoek was gegrond op die literatuurondersoek en het onder meer die belewing van trauma ingesluit. Die belewing van emosionele trauma en invloed op die kind se geheelfunksionering was dus 'n verdere eenheid van ontleding en is in diepte deur die navorser bestudeer. Musiek is dus gebruik as 'n ekspressiewe tegniek tydens die terapeutiese proses met elke gevallestudie. Die gevolgtrekking waartoe in hierdie studie gekom kon word is dat musiek binne die konteks van die gestalt benadering suksesvol in die hantering van emosionele trauma by die kind gebruik kan word. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M.Diac. (Play Therapy)

Summaries in English and Afrikaans / Die hersaamgestelde gesin word in hierdie navorsingstudie ondersoek as in komplekse alternatiewe gesinstruktuur met eiesoortige strukturele kenmerke, probleemareas en rituele wat nie aan die norm van die kerngesin ontleen kan word nie. In die literatuuroorsig word hierdie aspekte van nader beskou en tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dot die belangrike rol van die eie ouer in die hersaamgestelde gesin grootliks misgekyk word. Die verbondenheid van die eie ouer aan beide die ouer-kind- en die nuwe egpaarsisteme maak dit vir hom/haar moontlik om 'n sleutelrol te vervul tydens gesinsinteraksies, eenheidsvorming en die opvoedingsgebeure in die hersaamgestelde gesin. Dit is moontlik vir die eie ouer om vanuit in unieke posisie as 'n buffer te dien in die problematiese stiefouer-stiefkindverhoudinge. Hierdie moontlikheid bestaan egter slegs indien die eie ouer oor voldoende kennis, insig en vaardighede beskik. 'n Uitgebreide kwalitatiewe ondersoek aan die hand van semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude met die lede van ses hersaamgestelde gesinne het die volgende tendense aan die lig gebring Eie ouers verwag van nuwe egliede om kinders in die hersaamgestelde gesin uit die staanspoor te aanvaar en lief te he. Eie ouers koester konflikterende gevoelens ten opsigte van die dissiplinering van hul kinders deur die stiefouer. Eie ouers, stiefouers en kinders in hersaamgestelde gesinne gaan dikwels gebuk onder die las van onverwerkte gevoelens van verdriet en verlies. Die hantering van finansies ten opsigte van inwonende eie en stiefkinders, asook nie-inwonende kinders en vorige egliede skep spanning en bemoeilik goeie verhoudinge. Eie ouers is dikwels so verdeeld tussen die belange van hul kinders en die van hul nuwe maats dat hulle dit moeilik vind om in 'n tweede huwelik 'n betekenisvolle verhouding met hul nuwe lewensmaat op te bou. Genoemde tendense het 'n bepalende rol gespeel in die ontwikkeling van 'n begeleidingsprogram vir eie ouers. Agt sessies met doelwitte gebaseer op hierdie probleemareas is gestruktureer om die eie ouer met noodsaaklike kennis en vaardighede toe te rus ten opsigte van harmoniese verhoudingstigting en -onderhouding in hersaamgestelde gesinne. Die begeleidingsprogram is deur middel van 'n fokusgroeponderhoud aan die evaluering van vier ouerpare in hersaamgestelde gesinne onderwerp en is aan die hand van hul aanbevelings verfyn en gefinaliseer. / In this research study the reconstituted family is investigated as a complex alternative family structure with distinctive structural characteristics, problem areas and rituals which cannot be adopted from the norm of the nuclear family. In the literature survey these aspects are examined closely and the conclusion is drawn that the important role of the biological parent in the reconstituted family is ignored to a large extent. The biological parent's commitment to both the parent-child and new couple systems allows him/her to play a key role in family interactions, unit formation and educational events in the reconstituted family. It is possible for the biological parent to act as a buffer in the problematic stepparent-stepchild relationships from a unique perspective. However, this possibility only exists if the biological parent possesses sufficient knowledge, insight and skills. An extensive qualitative investigation on the basis of semi-structured interviews with members of six reconstituted families revealed the following tendencies: Biological parents expect their new spouses to accept and love children in the reconstituted family from the onset. Biological parents harbour conflicting feelings regarding the disciplining of children by the stepparent. Biological parents, stepparents and children in reconstituted families often still carry the burden of unresolved feelings of sadness and loss. The handling of finances with regard to resident own and stepchildren, as well as non-resident children and former spouses creates tension and compromises good relationships. Biological parents are often so divided between the interests of their own children and those of their new spouses that they find it difficult to build a meaningful relationship with their new spouse in a second marriage. The tendencies mentioned played a decisive role in the development of a guidance programme for biological parents. Eight sessions with aims based on these problem areas were structured to equip biological parents with the necessary knowledge and skills in respect of the development and maintenance of harmonious relationships in reconstituted families. The guidance programme was subjected to the evaluation of four sets of parents in reconstituted families by means of a focus group interview and was refined and finalised on the basis of their recommendations. / Educational Studies / D. Ed. (Sielkundige Opvoedkunde)

Poverty is a global concern and the implementation of a quality early childhood development (ECD) programme is one of the most powerful ways of breaking the poverty cycle. Although research has been done regarding ECD centres in impoverished, marginalised and predominantly black communities (informal settlements), there is little, if any, similar research regarding predominantly white settlements. The purpose of this narrative study is to explore and understand the experiences of ECD practitioners regarding their work in impoverished and marginalised predominantly white communities. I, therefore, conducted this study from a social constructivist paradigm. The participants constructed their realities based on their lived experiences and interaction with others. The experiences of the participants were also influenced by their entire ecological system – their everyday experiences in their work and lives, as well as more distal influences for example South-Africa’s socio-political dispensation and cultural influences. Consequently the study was framed within the Ecological Systems Theory of Bronfenbrenner. I collected data through narrative interviews with two participants (ECD practitioners), and through field notes from observations, documents, photographs and artefacts. From the coded data, four main themes emerged – social and personal experiences, experiences concerning place, experiences with camp leadership and experiences concerning support infrastructure. These themes will be useful to determine the kind of support that practitioners need to ensure the quality of ECD programmes to support the optimal development of the children. / Armoede is ʼn globale probleem en kwaliteit kleinkinderontwikkelingsprogramme (KKO-programme) is een van die kragtigste maniere om die armoede-siklus te verbreek. Alhoewel daar navorsing omtrent KKO-sentra in verarmde en gemarginaliseerde oorwegend swart gemeenskappe (informele nedersettings) gedoen is bestaan daar min, indien enige, soortgelyke navorsing in oorwegend blanke nedersettings. Die doel van hierdie narratiewe studie is om die ervarings van KKOpraktisyns in hulle werk in verarmde en gemarginaliseerde oorwegend blanke nedersettings te ondersoek en te verstaan. Daarom het ek hierdie studie vanuit ‘n sosiaal-konstruktivistiese paradigma uitgevoer. Die deelnemers het hulle realiteite geskep gebaseer op hulle geleefde ervarings en interaksies met ander. Die ervarings van die deelnemers is ook beïnvloed deur hulle hele ekostelsel – hulle daaglikse ervarings in hulle werk en lewens, asook verwyderde stelsels van invloed soos Suid-Afrika se sosio-politieke bedeling en kulturele invloede. Gevolglik is hierdie studie geformuleer binne die Ekologiese Sisteemteorie van Bronfenbrenner as raamwerk. Ek het data versamel deur narratiewe onderhoude te voer met twee deelnemers (KKO-praktisyns), en deur veldnotas van waarnemings, dokumente, foto’s en artefakte. Uit die gekodeerde data het vier hooftemas navore gekom – sosiale en persoonlike ervarings, ervarings met betrekking tot plek, ervarings met kampleierskap en ervarings rakende ondersteuningsinfrastruktuur. Hierdie temas sal bruikbaar wees om die soort ondersteuning te bepaal wat praktisyns benodig om ʼn kwaliteit KKOprogram te verseker om sodoende die optimale ontwikkeling van die kinders te ondersteun. / Early Childhood Education / M. Ed. (Socio-Education)

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yony Brugnolo Alves.pdf: 1066625 bytes, checksum: 2ce17eca98b273fd4822609801962531 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-21 / The intensification of the related problems to the greenhouse have in recent decades called the attention and committed efforts of the civil society to the treatment of this serious context resulting from the man acts. From this environmental concern, social and development, it was ratified in February 2005 the Kyoto Protocol, whose premise is the creation of trade market mechanisms that allow industrialized countries a significant reduction of pollutants gases emissions in nature. Under the subjects covered by the Kyoto Protocol, it is pointed out the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the establishment of a market of carbon credits. In this scenario, developing countries can participate in this market selling carbon credits to countries which have outstanding responsibility in the emission of harmful gases to the environment. However, the institution of the carbon credits market and the establishment of the CDM require an institutional framework to rule, according to the language adopted by the New Institutional Economy, the "rules of the game . Opportunely, this research investigates the institutional aspects of this scenario and the conditions to rule the CDM projects in Brazil, highlighted the main bureaucratic and sometimes, technical barriers, that hinder or even prevent the entry of Brazilian companies in the international carbon credit market. The discussions, analysis and findings presented address the institutional constraints and the estimates about the gains that can be obtained from the CDM, having as a case study a swine farm located in Toledo, a city located in west of Paraná - Brazil. The found results indicate that, partially, the institutional environment of the carbon credits market is not sufficiently clear to the extent of encouraging the entry of Brazilian firms in this context, and the constant changes that occur therein confuse the economic agents. Furthermore, it is observed that the execution of a CDM can bring gains of technical, economic, social and especially environmental order. / A intensificação de problemas relacionados ao Efeito Estufa tem, nas últimas décadas, chamado a atenção e mobilizado esforços da sociedade civil e organizada no mundo todo para o tratamento desse grave contexto resultante da ação do homem. Essa preocupação de abrangência ambiental, social e de desenvolvimento, levou em fevereiro de 2005, à ratificação do Protocolo de Quioto, cuja premissa é a criação de mecanismos de mercado que viabilizem aos países industrializados uma relevante redução na emissão de gases poluentes na natureza. Dentre as matérias contempladas pelo Protocolo destaca-se o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) e a instituição de um mercado de créditos de carbono. Nesse cenário, os países em desenvolvimento podem participar vendendo créditos de carbono aos países que têm destacada responsabilidade na emissão de gases nocivos ao meio ambiente. Todavia, a instituição do mercado de créditos de carbono e a instauração do MDL exigem um arcabouço institucional para reger, conforme a linguagem adotada pela Nova Economia Institucional, as regras do jogo . Oportunamente, a presente pesquisa investiga os aspectos institucionais desse cenário e as condições que regulamentam os projetos de MDL no Brasil, apontado as principais barreiras burocráticas e por vezes, técnicas, que dificultam ou até mesmo inviabilizam o ingresso das empresas brasileiras no mercado internacional dos créditos de carbono. As discussões, análises e constatações apresentadas abordam as limitações institucionais e as estimativas acerca dos ganhos que podem ser obtidos a partir do MDL, tendo como estudo de caso uma granja suína situada na cidade de Toledo, região oeste do Paraná Brasil. Os resultados encontrados apontam que, em partes, o ambiente institucional do mercado de créditos de carbono não está suficientemente claro a ponto de incentivar o ingresso das empresas brasileiras nesse contexto, e as constantes modificações que nele ocorrem confundem os agentes econômicos. Por outro lado, é observado que a montagem e execução de um MDL podem trazer ganhos de ordem técnica, econômica, social e principalmente ambiental.

Text in Afrikaans / In this study essential guidelines are given to Foundation Phase educators for the teaching of basic English concepts to English second language learners. Die research design is explained and recommendations are made. The following underlying problems, which were encountered in the research recommendation, are identified and discussed: Learning barriers with specific reference to English as a second language. The causes of learning barriers which include the discussion of intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Educator training is lacking and educators do not have the necessary knowledge and skills to teach basic concepts in English to second language learners. The necessity and advantages of timeous identification of barriers to learning to ensure that basic concepts are taught. The study was concluded with practical guidelines to reinforce basic concepts in learners in the Foundation Phase who are taught in English as a second language. Recommendations were made to parents, educators and the Department of Education. / In die studie word riglyne aan Grondslagfase-onderwysers gegee vir die onderrig van basiese konsepte in Engels aan Engels tweedetaalleerders. Hierdie basiese konsepte is noodsaaklik vir vordering in die Grondslagfase. Die navorsingontwerp verduidelik en aanbevelings gemaak. Die volgende sub-probleme wat onderliggend is aan die navorsingsvoorstel is geïdentifiseer en bespreek, naamlik: Struikelblokke tot leer met spesifieke verwysing na Engels as tweedetaal. Die oorsake wat lei tot struikelblokke tot leer waaronder intrinsieke en ekstrinsieke faktore word bespreek. Onderwyseropleiding is onvoldoende en onderwysers beskik nie oor die kennis en vaardighede om basiese konsepte in Engels aan Engels tweedetaalleerders te onderrig nie. Die noodsaaklikheid van vroeë identifisering en die voordele verbonde aan vroegtydige identifisering van struikelblokke tot leer om te verseker dat basiese konsepte voldoende vasgelê word. Die studie is afgesluit met praktiese riglyne vir die vaslegging van basiese konsepte aan leerders in die Grondslagfase wat in Engels as tweede taal onderrig word. Aanbevelings is aan die ouers, onderwysers en die Departement van Onderwys gemaak. / Inclusive Education / M. Ed. (Inklusiewe Onderwys)

The purpose of this dissertation is to assess digital geo-referenced information and standards for exchanging such information, especially the South African National Exchange Standard (NES). The process of setting up a standard is exacting. On the one hand, the process demands a thorough scrutiny and analysis of the objects to be standardised and of all related concepts. This is a prerequisite for ensuring that there is unanimity about their meaning and inter-relationships. On the other hand, the process requires that the standard itself be enunciated as succinctly, comprehensibly and precisely as possible. This dissertation addresses both these facets of the standards process in the context of standards for exchanging digital geo-referenced information. The dissertation begins with an analysis of geo-referenced information in general, including digital geo-referenced information. In chapters 2 and 3, the various aspects of such information are scrutinised and evaluated in more detail. The examination of concepts is backed up by a comprehensive Glossary of terms in the domain under discussion. Chapter 4 examines the nature of standards. It also proposes a novel way to approach a standard for the exchange of digital geo-referenced information: namely, that it can be viewed as a language and can accordingly be specified by a grammar. To illustrate the proposal, NES is fully specified, using the Extended Backus-Naur Form notation, in an Appendix. Apart from the advantages of being a succinct and precise formal specification, the approach also lends itself to deploying standard tools such as Lex and yacc for conformance testing and for developing interfaces to NES, as illustrated in a second appendix. As a final theme of the dissertation, an evaluation of such standards is provided. Other standards that have been proposed elsewhere for purposes similar to that of NES are surveyed in chapter 5. In chapter 6, features of NES are highlighted, including the fact that it takes a relational approach. Chapter 7 concludes the dissertation, summarising the work to date, and looking ahead to future work. AFRIKAANS : Die doel van hierdie verhandling is om versyferde geo-verwysde inligting en standaarde vir die uitruil van sulke inligting te ondersoek, met spesifieke verwysing na die Suid- Afrikaanse Nasionale Uitruilstandaard (NES). Die proses om ’n standaard op te stel is veeleisend. Aan die een kant vereis die proses ’n volledige bestudering en ontleding van die objekte wat gestandaardiseer gaan word, asook van al die verwante konsepte. Hierdie is ’n voorvereiste om te verseker dat daar oor hul betekenisse en onderlinge verwantskappe eenstemmigheid bestaan. Aan die ander kant vereis die proses dat die standaard so kernagtig, volledig en presies moontlik gestel moet word. Hierdie verhandeling spreek beide hierdie fasette van die standaardiseringsproses aan, en wel in die konteks van standaarde vir die uitruil van versyferde geo-verwysde inligting. Dié verhandling begin met ’n oorhoofse analise van geo-verwysde inligting, insluitend versyferde geo-verwysde inligting. In hoofstukke 2 en 3 word verskeie aspekte van dié inligting in meer detail ondersoek en geëvalueer. Hierdie ondersoek van konsepte word deur ’n omvattende woordelys van terme in die veld onder bespreking gesteun. Hoofstuk 4 ondersoek die aard van standaarde. Dit stel ook ’n nuwe manier voor om ’n standaard vir die uitruil van versyferde geo-verwysde inligting te benader, naamlik dat dit as ’n taal beskou kan word, en dat dit gevolglik deur middel van ’n grammatika gespesifiseer kan word. Om die voorstel te illustreer, word NES volledig in ’n aanhangsel deur middel van die Uitgebreide Backus-Naur Vorm notasie gespesifiseer. Afgesien van die voordeel van ’n kernagtige en presiese formele spesifikasie, ondersteun die benadering ook standaardgereedskap soos Lex en yacc wat vir konformeringstoetsing en vir NES koppelvlakke gebruik kan word, soos in ’n tweede aanhangsel illustreer word. As ’n finale tema van die verhandeling word ’n evaluasie van tersaaklike standaarde voorsien. Standaarde wat elders vir soortgelyke doeleindes aan dié van NES voorgestel is, word oorsigtelik in hoofstuk 5 beskou. In hoofstuk 6 word kenmerkende eienskappe van NES uitgelig, insluitend die feit dat dit op ’n relasionele benadering gebaseer is. Hoofstuk 7 sluit die verhandeling af met ’n opsomming van werk tot op datum en ’n blik op toekomstige werk. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 1993. / Computer Science / unrestricted

Mulberry and Peach is a novel written in the 1970s by a Chinese American writer named Nie Hualing (1925- ). It contains overlapping letters and diaries with flashbacks and flashforwards in first-person narration. Taohong is the new identity after Sangqing’s schizophrenia in the USA in 1969-1970. The book starts with Taohong’s letter, which introduces the main female character Sangqing´s life stories, told through her diaries between 1945-the 1970s in four places of her diasporic lives from mainland China to Taiwan, then the USA. The aim of this thesis is to explore the title of the book, the prologue and the epilogue, Sangqing’s first Dairy on Qutang Gorge (1945), and the four letters from Taohong, using the close reading method and combining the theories and concepts of characterization and symbolism, impressionistic, female aesthetic, intertextuality in literature and the cultural symbols for a deep and detailed text reading analysis.

The aim of this study is to discover how primary scholars as substitute parents, contemplate the perceiving aspect of their substitute parenting. In the theoretical chapters the demands set for adults as primary educators and their development, are viewed. A comparative study between the primary edu­ cator and the child, rounds it off. The experiencing, giving meaning to, and the consequent involvement of substitute parents in their life-world, follow. The research design, substantiates the choice of format, methods of data col­ lection and analyses. Examples of raw data gathered from various tests are presented. Finally, the consolidated data is interpreted. The findings of this study is that substitute parents experience their tasks as being pleasant. Substitute parents are generally over involved with their siblings. This culminates in the development of a strong bond between substitute parents and younger siblings. Substitute parents require support and guidance from an adult to enable them to become adults and venture in their life-world. / In bierdie studie is die leefWereld van die substituut-ouer bestudeer. Die oorhoofse doel van hierdie studie is om met behulp van teoretiese en empiriese studies, ondersoek in te stel na substituut-ouers se belewing van bulle besondere taak. Die studie neem 'n amwang met 'n beskrywing van die primere opvoeder se verantwoordelikhede en eise. Die ontwikkeling van die volwassene word daama bestudeer. Verder Is gelet op die e1se en ontwikkeling wat aan kindwecs gelykgestel word. Die doel hiermee, is om uiteindelik 'n vergelyking te kan tref tussen die volwassene en die kind. Nadat so 'n vergclyking tussen die kind en volwassene gemaak is, sal die probleme wat die kind as substituut-ouer ervaar, oorweeg kan word. Die literatuurstudie kulmincer in substituut-ouers se unieke betekenisgewing, betrokkenheid en belewing aan en by bulle leefWereld. Dan word die literatuurstudie opgevolg deur die navorsingsontwerp, keuse van steekproef­ neming asook wyses van dataverameling en -analisering. Ten slotte word daar gekyk na die verslaggewing aangaande inligting soos bekom met behulp van die verkenningsmedia, te wete individuele onderhoude met die deelnemers aan die navorsing, die Bene-Anthony gesinsverhou­ dingstoets, die Persoonlikheidsvraelys vir kinders, die projeksiemedia van Jacobs en Vrey en die Kinestetiese huisgesinstekeninge. Die gekonsolideerde data word dan geinterpreteer en weergegee ten einde die postulate soos in boofstuk 5 uiteengesit te beantwoord. Die belangrikste bevindings van die studie is dat die taak van substituut­ ouerswees vir laerskoolkinders aangenaam is. Hierdie aangename belewing van hulle taak as substituut-ouers, dra egter nie by tot die vonning van 'n positiewe selfkonsep by die substituut-ouer nie. Substituut-ouers ervaar angs en kommer aangaande hulle substituut-ouerskap. Hulle voel nie bevoeg om as substituut-ouers op te tree nie. Substituut-ouers IS oar die algemeen oorbetrokke by hulle broers en susters. Hulle sien om na hulle sibbe, verseker dat hulle veilig is en verleen hulp aan hulle, waar nodig. Hierdie betrokkenheid veroorsaak 'n sterk band tussen die leerlinge. Hierdie sterk band wat tussen die substituut-ouers en hulle sibbe bestaan, is egter afwesig tussen die substituut-ouers en hulle eie ouers. Substituut-ouers toon dan oak teen die verwagting van die navorser in, dat hulle nie beskik oor 'n verantwoordelikheidsin nie. Substituut-ouers k:an eerder beskryf word as teruggetrokke, met min deursettingsvennoe, prikkelbaar, goedhartig, onderdanig, athanklik en inskiklik. Die studie toon ten slotte dat substituut-ouers betrokke raak by hulle taak as substituut-ouers, vanwee 'n aansporingsmiddel, te wete sakgeld. Benewens vir die bogenoemde bevindings, toon die studie oak dat die ondersteuning en begeleiding van substituut-ouers deur 'n volwassene tot volwassenheid noodsaaklik is. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)

The aim of this study is to discover how primary scholars as substitute parents, contemplate the perceiving aspect of their substitute parenting. In the theoretical chapters the demands set for adults as primary educators and their development, are viewed. A comparative study between the primary edu­ cator and the child, rounds it off. The experiencing, giving meaning to, and the consequent involvement of substitute parents in their life-world, follow. The research design, substantiates the choice of format, methods of data col­ lection and analyses. Examples of raw data gathered from various tests are presented. Finally, the consolidated data is interpreted. The findings of this study is that substitute parents experience their tasks as being pleasant. Substitute parents are generally over involved with their siblings. This culminates in the development of a strong bond between substitute parents and younger siblings. Substitute parents require support and guidance from an adult to enable them to become adults and venture in their life-world. / In bierdie studie is die leefWereld van die substituut-ouer bestudeer. Die oorhoofse doel van hierdie studie is om met behulp van teoretiese en empiriese studies, ondersoek in te stel na substituut-ouers se belewing van bulle besondere taak. Die studie neem 'n amwang met 'n beskrywing van die primere opvoeder se verantwoordelikhede en eise. Die ontwikkeling van die volwassene word daama bestudeer. Verder Is gelet op die e1se en ontwikkeling wat aan kindwecs gelykgestel word. Die doel hiermee, is om uiteindelik 'n vergelyking te kan tref tussen die volwassene en die kind. Nadat so 'n vergclyking tussen die kind en volwassene gemaak is, sal die probleme wat die kind as substituut-ouer ervaar, oorweeg kan word. Die literatuurstudie kulmincer in substituut-ouers se unieke betekenisgewing, betrokkenheid en belewing aan en by bulle leefWereld. Dan word die literatuurstudie opgevolg deur die navorsingsontwerp, keuse van steekproef­ neming asook wyses van dataverameling en -analisering. Ten slotte word daar gekyk na die verslaggewing aangaande inligting soos bekom met behulp van die verkenningsmedia, te wete individuele onderhoude met die deelnemers aan die navorsing, die Bene-Anthony gesinsverhou­ dingstoets, die Persoonlikheidsvraelys vir kinders, die projeksiemedia van Jacobs en Vrey en die Kinestetiese huisgesinstekeninge. Die gekonsolideerde data word dan geinterpreteer en weergegee ten einde die postulate soos in boofstuk 5 uiteengesit te beantwoord. Die belangrikste bevindings van die studie is dat die taak van substituut­ ouerswees vir laerskoolkinders aangenaam is. Hierdie aangename belewing van hulle taak as substituut-ouers, dra egter nie by tot die vonning van 'n positiewe selfkonsep by die substituut-ouer nie. Substituut-ouers ervaar angs en kommer aangaande hulle substituut-ouerskap. Hulle voel nie bevoeg om as substituut-ouers op te tree nie. Substituut-ouers IS oar die algemeen oorbetrokke by hulle broers en susters. Hulle sien om na hulle sibbe, verseker dat hulle veilig is en verleen hulp aan hulle, waar nodig. Hierdie betrokkenheid veroorsaak 'n sterk band tussen die leerlinge. Hierdie sterk band wat tussen die substituut-ouers en hulle sibbe bestaan, is egter afwesig tussen die substituut-ouers en hulle eie ouers. Substituut-ouers toon dan oak teen die verwagting van die navorser in, dat hulle nie beskik oor 'n verantwoordelikheidsin nie. Substituut-ouers k:an eerder beskryf word as teruggetrokke, met min deursettingsvennoe, prikkelbaar, goedhartig, onderdanig, athanklik en inskiklik. Die studie toon ten slotte dat substituut-ouers betrokke raak by hulle taak as substituut-ouers, vanwee 'n aansporingsmiddel, te wete sakgeld. Benewens vir die bogenoemde bevindings, toon die studie oak dat die ondersteuning en begeleiding van substituut-ouers deur 'n volwassene tot volwassenheid noodsaaklik is. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Voorligting)