<p>Den kommunala äldreomsorgen omfattas av socialtjänstlagen. Kommunerna har ansvar att tillhandahålla insatser av god kvalitet, utförda av personal med lämplig utbildning. Tillföljd av den demografiska utvecklingen i Sverige, kommer på sikt behovet av personal med lämplig utbildning öka inom den kommunala äldreomsorgen. Syftet med uppsatsen var att belysa hur brukare som bor i särskilt boende för äldre, ser på omvårdnadspersonalens kompetens. I politiska utredningar har den formella kompetensen tillskrivits avgörande betydelse. I forskningen om vilken kompetens personalen och enhetscheferna själva anser är viktig kompetens, tenderar personlig lämplighet att vara avgörande, även om formell utbildning inte helt förbises. Undersökningen som genomförts i det här examensarbetet är kvalitativ och utgörs av intervjuer med äldre personer boende på särskilt boende. Respondenterna utgörs av sex personer, tre män och tre kvinnor i åldrarna 75 år till 98 år. Resultatet av undersökningen analyseras mot tidigare forskning inom området och mot teorier om kompetens, kvalifikationer och yrkeskompetens. Undersökningen visar, att omvårdnadspersonalen anses behöva flera olika typer av kvalifikationer, emotionella, sociala, teoretiska, praktiska, personlighetsrelaterade och förtrogenhetsbaserade. De kunskapsområden som framstod som viktiga för brukarna i studien var, sociala och relationsinriktade kunskaper, socialpedagogiska kunskaper, vardagskunskaper och medicinska kunskaper.</p>

Cirka 100 000 personer i Sverige har sjukdomen Alzheimer. Gun, Salvo och Kerstin är några av dem. Bengt Winblad och Miia Kivipelto forskar om den. Möt personerna som har en sak gemensamt: Alzheimers sjukdom.

The aim for this thesis is to illuminate expectations and conceptions of senior housing from an individual perspective of seniors and how senior housing is put in relation to the process of ageing. Safety, community and accessibility are main notions for the seniors and therefore also in this essay. The method used for writing, analysing and interviewing is Grounded theory, with basis from social constructionism. Theoretical background comes from theories developed in social gerontology and gerotranscendence. These theories helps to give perspective to the analysis of the interviews. Good connection with neighbours, less work with gardening and housing, and to be better prepared for future problems are main reasons that makes this senior housing interesting, as well as to be able to continue a valuable lifestyle with a self chosen amount of activities and social company with friends and family.

SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: Det finns cirka 148 000 människor i Sverige som har diagnosen demens. Demenssjukdom innebär förlust av intellektuella funktioner med försämrat minne, personlighetsförändringar och svårigheter att kommunicera. Många vårdas på särskilda boenden och kommunsjuksköterskan har ofta ansvar för dessa patienter. Syftet: Syftet med studien var att beskriva kommunsjuksköterskans erfarenheter och upplevelser av att hantera akuta ohälsoproblem hos demenssjuka personer som bor på särskilt boende. Metod: Studien genomfördes med halvstrukturerade intervjuer där sex legitimerade sjuksköterskor valdes ut med minst tre års erfarenhet inom den kommunala hemsjukvården. Intervjuerna analyserades med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och resulterade i två huvudkategorier. Resultat: Sjuksköterskan upplevde svårigheter att bedöma akuta ohälsotillstånd hos demenssjuka men vissa fall var solklara. De hade stöd av främst läkare och undersköterskor vid bedömningen. Sjuksköterskan hade rutiner när det gällde att skicka in patienten till sjukhuset. Även anhöriga involverades och deras önskemål respekterades. Slutsats: Resultatet visade att kommunsjuksköterskorna ansåg att erfarenhet underlättade bedömningen och att de helst ville behandla patienten på det särskilda boendet.

<p>Long term care and social services (LTCaS) for older people are an important part of the Scandinavian welfare state. The fast growing number of elderly people in Sweden has caused many concerns about increases in future needs (and particularly costs) of age-related social programs such as LTCaS. The general aim of this dissertation is to examine how projected demographic changes may affect future needs for long-term care and services in Sweden assuming different trends in morbidity and mortality. The following data sources are used: national population registers, register data on inpatient/outpatient health care from region Skåne, the Swedish National Survey on Living Conditions (SNSLC) for the period 1975-1999. Three alternative methods to inform simple demographic extrapolations of needs for health and social care for the elderly are presented. Furthermore, a new method for demographic projections has been developed. According to our studies, the health of older people (measured as the prevalence of severe ill-health) has improved during the study period. Taking into account health status, when projecting future needs for LTCaS, will result in a fairly substantial reduction of the rate of the demographically influenced increase in projected LTCaS needs. The changes in population composition regarding education and mortality differentials per educational level may have a significant impact on the number of the elderly in the future. On the other hand, the projected increase in the number of older people suffering from severe ill-health, as a consequence of population ageing, may be counterbalanced to a large extent by changes in the educational composition towards a higher proportion of the population having a high educational level and lower prevalence of severe ill-health. We need to improve our planning tools in order to support policy-makers to plan for uncertainty concerning future needs and demand for LTCaS.</p>

Long term care and social services (LTCaS) for older people are an important part of the Scandinavian welfare state. The fast growing number of elderly people in Sweden has caused many concerns about increases in future needs (and particularly costs) of age-related social programs such as LTCaS. The general aim of this dissertation is to examine how projected demographic changes may affect future needs for long-term care and services in Sweden assuming different trends in morbidity and mortality. The following data sources are used: national population registers, register data on inpatient/outpatient health care from region Skåne, the Swedish National Survey on Living Conditions (SNSLC) for the period 1975-1999. Three alternative methods to inform simple demographic extrapolations of needs for health and social care for the elderly are presented. Furthermore, a new method for demographic projections has been developed. According to our studies, the health of older people (measured as the prevalence of severe ill-health) has improved during the study period. Taking into account health status, when projecting future needs for LTCaS, will result in a fairly substantial reduction of the rate of the demographically influenced increase in projected LTCaS needs. The changes in population composition regarding education and mortality differentials per educational level may have a significant impact on the number of the elderly in the future. On the other hand, the projected increase in the number of older people suffering from severe ill-health, as a consequence of population ageing, may be counterbalanced to a large extent by changes in the educational composition towards a higher proportion of the population having a high educational level and lower prevalence of severe ill-health. We need to improve our planning tools in order to support policy-makers to plan for uncertainty concerning future needs and demand for LTCaS.

The overall aim of this thesis is to describe and analyse the age-related life experiences of elderly retired people and in relation to this to problematise ageism as an analytical concept in order to present a more dynamic understanding of the phenomenon of ageism in everyday life. Related to the overall objective three overarching research questions are addressed. How do elderly individuals relate to “age” in life and how do they express this in contexts in which standpoints are made in relation to age-codes? What can be generally said to represent the foundation of elderly people’s experiences of ageism? What all-embracing picture of ageism and age-coding is made visible when the phenomenon is examined using different kinds of methods for collecting and analysing empirical material? Research within the field of ageism is presented in terms of how it has been examined: as an ideology, as an “ideology” that is possible to deconstruct and as manifestations in everyday life. The hegemonic way of defining ageism is to associate it with prejudice, stereotyping and discriminationbased on age. This is viewed to be insufficient in order to understand ageism in everyday life. The positioning of the thesis in relation to the research field is therefore seen as problematising ageism as an analytical concept. The thesis consists of three different studies that are based on three different empirical materials. Life-stories, a questionnaire and focus group interviews are used to collect empirical material on the subject of elderly people’s age-related life experiences. The empirical materials and the studies connected to them are distinct ways of investigating ageism. Tentatively, methodtriangulation is applied in order to analyse the topic of ageism in everyday life from differenttheoretical perspectives. The most important conclusion is that ageism can be understood more dynamically as a practise that is exceptionally close to us individuals in everyday life. It is suggested that ageism is not only associated to age. Informants use alternative age-markers or time-markers in relation to which theyascribe meaning. When individuals tell their life-story the experiences are for example not tied to age. Age is hardly ever mentioned. In its place meaning is constructed around and ascribed to timemarkers such as for example “young”, “old”, “year”, “month”, “elderly” and so on. The use of and ascription of meaning to time-markers is also applicable in the other studies in the thesis. These alternative time-markers are suggested as something that also indicate ageism. Experiences and meaning are not solely focused on age. However, the meaning constructed in relation to the alternative markers is not unanimous, even if it sometimes appears to be. The experienced meaning takes many different forms and can by no means be fixated once and for all. An important conclusion is also that we cannot disregard gender in the understanding of ageism. It seems imperative to practice intersectional reasoning in order to understand the dynamics of ageism. Gendered ageism or gendered time-coding is essential in comprehending what people experience in everyday life.

No description available.

<p>Essän utgår från den praktiska klokheten, ett av Aristoteles kunskapsbegrepp. Den praktiska klokheten finns i sättet att vara och i sättet att kommunicera. Det behövs lyhördhet, uppmärksamhet och känslomässig begåvning för att vara praktisk klok. Genom att söka och beskriva det lika, det olika och det unika jämför jag ledarskapet för en mångkulturell arbetsgrupp i en stockholmsnära kommun med ledarskapet i en landsortskommun. Jag beskriver och diskuterar ett medskapande ledarskap samt behovet av att ibland tillämpa ett mer auktoritärt ledarskap. </p><p>Essän handlar också om olika sätt att göra nytta, nämligen att göra vackert, att förbättra, att använda resurser på ett klokt sätt, att ta ansvar samt att möta människor på ett respektfullt sätt. Jag belyser ett antal olika förhållningssätt i mötet med andra människor, och resonerar även kring integrerad kunskap. </p><p>Avslutningsvis utgår jag från det som Martha Nussbaum skriver, nämligen att den praktiska klokheten är ett slags komplex känslighet. Vidare konstaterar jag att det medskapande ledarskapet och den praktiska klokheten kan ses som två konstformer som ständigt måste utvecklas. </p>

<p>Two main goals of geriatric rehabilitation are to re-establish ability for physical function in order to facilitate independence in activities of daily living (ADL), and to promote an optimal degree of well-being, i.e. life satisfaction, in the individual. In this research a new scale, the General Motor Function assessment scale (GMF), was developed and evaluated. Subsequently, factors perceived as important for the life satisfaction of people undergoing geriatric rehabilitation were investigated. </p><p>The GMF includes both mobility and upper limb functions and comprises three subscales covering different aspects of functioning, namely performance-related Dependence, Pain and Insecurity. The clinical practicality of the GMF was evaluated by a field test. Its psychometric properties were analysed in both hospital and community-based settings of geriatric rehabilitation, using non-parametric statistical methods. The results indicated that the GMF is clinically adequate, possesses good reliability and is sensitive enough to demonstrate changes from pre- to post-intervention in different forms of geriatric rehabilitation. </p><p>For investigation of perceptions of life satisfaction, individual qualitative interviews were conducted with old (80+) care recipients and with their significant others, who had a helping relationship with them. The results revealed that habitual activity, independence and adaptation were generally considered to be important for the life satisfaction of the care recipients. Recalling of pleasant past memories in an effort to achieve current life satisfaction was a commonly used adaptive strategy among the care recipients. This strategy created a temporary sense of life satisfaction, with a potential for concealing dissatisfaction with conditions that might otherwise be correctable. From the perspective of the significant others, protection of the continuity of the care recipients’ self was seen as vital for the latter's life satisfaction, and was thus an underlying general purpose of the informal caregiving. </p>