The purpose of this essay is to investigate and analyze how widely and intensive gender equality issues are considered within Swedish companies. Qualitative interviews were arranged with personnel managers within each company, and complemented with a questionnaire amongst the employees. The collected information was analysed on the basis of gender theory, organization and change theory, theory of equal opportunities and historical statistics. The outcome of the analysis indicates that companies find gender equality of high interest, and important to address within the daily work. However the analysis also shows that even though the companies find gender equality important it is only adopted within few areas, and not across all departments. Much of the work done on gender equality is done unconsciously by the company. They do not reflect on why they need to work with gender equality issues. The companies are unaware of and have not reflected over the majority of the intense work within gender equality. / Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur brett och intensivt tre privata företag i Sverige bedriver jämställdhetsarbete. För att närma oss undersökningsområdet genomförde vi en djupintervju med ansvarig chef på varje företag samt delade ut en enkät till de anställda. Vi analyserade det insamlade materialet med hjälp av genusteori, organisations- och förändringsteori, teorier kring jämställdhetsarbete och med hjälp av statistik från tidigare forskning. Det resultatet visar på i studien är att alla företagen anser att jämställdhet är viktigt och det är viktigt att arbeta med jämställdhet. Företagen arbetar intensivt med jämställdhet inom några få områden men de saknar en bredd i jämställdhetsarbetet. Mycket av det intensiva arbete som bedrivs är idag omedvetet och företagen reflekterar inte över varför ett jämställdhetsarbete ska bedrivas.

Detta examensarbete är en studie av två nationella rådgivande dokument och sex gymnasieskolors likabehandlingsplaner. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur sex gymnasieskolors likabehandlingsplaner förhåller sig till Skolverkets allmänna råd samt Diskrimineringsombudsmannen (DO), Barn- och elevombudet (BEO) och Skolinspektionens handledning. För att kunna göra detta undersöks hur arbetet med likabehandling beskrivs i Skolverkets allmänna råd, DO, BEO och Skolinspektionens handledning samt gymnasieskolornas likabehandlingsplaner. Metoden vi har använt oss av är kvalitativ textanalys. Vår huvudfrågeställning är följande: Hur förhåller sig de sex gymnasieskolornas likabehandlingsplaner till Skolverkets allmänna råd samt DO, BEO och Skolinspektionens handledning? För att kunna ta reda på detta har vi även följande två frågeställningar: Hur beskrivs arbetet med likabehandling i Skolverkets allmänna råd samt DO, BEO och Skolinspektionens handledning? Hur beskrivs arbetet med likabehandling i de sex gymnasieskolornas likabehandlingsplaner? I denna studie har vi kommit fram till att det skiljer sig åt hur väl likabehandlingsplanerna förhåller sig till de nationella rådgivande dokumenten. Likabehandlingsplanerna för skola 1, skola 2 och skola 5 följer Skolverkets allmänna råd samt DO, BEO och Skolinspektionens handledning till stor del, medan likabehandlingsplanerna för skola 3 och skola 6 inte följer dessa rekommendationer i lika stor utsträckning. Skola 4 uppfyller råden till viss del. Det framgår av vår studie att flera av skolorna har allvarliga brister i sina likabehandlingsplaner.

Equality between the sexes has been discussed in Sweden for more than 50 years. In the 60´s and during the 70´s the discourse that dominated the debate was based on the assumption that both men and women needed to liberate themselves from their traditional gender roles. In this approach information and education was perceived as the key to equality. During the 80´s however, power and subordination became the main focal point of concern within this debate, and focus upon changing the patriarchal power structures dominating society were perceived as the principal key for establishing equality between the sexes. Today, the latter discourse still dominates both the scientific and the political perspective upon equality. By examining the debate on equality from two different fields of occupation this paper tries to analyse the fact that the Swedish equality discourse looks very different on male - versus female domination. Although the proportion of male teachers in Swedish preschools is about 3 % and the amount of women serving as public company directors is about 20 %, the current discourse views male dominance within the business sector as problematic, whilst, the dominance of women in the preschool childcare sector as less problematic. In respect of the theory supported by Bourdieu (1999), Hirdman (1990 & 2003) and Foucault (1998 & 2002) this paper advocates that the discourse is biased and simplified and that a perspective that only focuses on areas of male domination sets the wrong priorities. With regards to equality ideals prevalent throughout Norway this paper concludes that the Swedish equality discourse needs a broader and more open approach to assure that Swedish institutions promote equality between men and women in the best possible way.

Studien syftar till att studera jämställdhetsarbetet och synen på jämställdhet i en kommunal förvaltning. Ambitionen är att ur ett jämställdhetsperspektiv identifiera förbättringsområden och komma med förslag på strategiskt jämställdhetsarbete och hållbar jämställdhetsutveckling inom förvaltningens olika enheter. I vår studie har vi använt en kvalitativ ansats i syfte att nå en djupare förståelse för hur respondenterna upplever och ser på jämställdhet och jämställdhetsarbetet i förvaltningen. För att nå en sådan förståelse har vi sammanlagt gjort tio semistrukturerade intervjuer varav en dessa tio var en informantintervju. Vi använde oss av Kvales meningskoncentrering där de större meningarna som intervjupersonerna uttalade formulerades mer koncentrerat för att underlätta analysen av vår empiri. Resultatet i denna studie tyder på att respondenterna har olika föreställningar om vad jämställdhet är och innebär. Medarbetarna och arbetsgivarna får inte tillräckligt med information vad gäller jämställdhetsarbetet och de flesta känner inte till förvaltningens jämställdhetsplan. I och med detta kan de inte heller tillämpa eller arbeta utifrån jämställdhetsplanen i förvaltningens dagliga arbete. / The study aims to examine gender equality and the perception of equality in a municipal administration. The ambition is that from a gender perspective to identify areas for improvement and make suggestions on strategic gender equality and sustainable gender development in the administrations different units. In our study we have used a qualitative approach in order to reach a deeper understanding of how respondents perceive and look at gender and gender equality in the administration. In order to achieve such understanding we have made a total of ten semistructured interviews which one of these ten was an informant interview. We used Kvale's sentence concentrator where the larger sentences that respondents stated were formulated more concentrated in order to facilitate the analysis of our empirical data. The result of this study indicates that respondents have different perceptions of what equality is and means. Employees and employers may not get enough information in terms of gender equality, and most are not aware of administration's equality plan. In doing so, they cannot apply or work from gender perspective in the administration's daily work.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka jämställdheten inom den svenska idrottsrörelsen. Mer precist handlar det om att analysera kvinnliga idrottsutövares livsberättelser med fokus på jämställdheten inom det idrottsliga föreningslivet. Ambitionen är att belysa hur kvinnliga idrottare upplever och hanterar frågor som har med jämställdhet och idrott att göra på daglig basis i sin idrottsliga praktik. Ett flertal frågeställningar innehar en vital karaktär i den föreliggande studien: Upplever kvinnliga idrottsutövare att utvecklingen går åt ”rätt håll”, det vill säga att idrottslivet blir mer jämställt? Är det något eller några område som är särskilt förbisedda och/eller välutformade när det gäller jämställdhetsfrågor? Finns det några signifikanta skillnader mellan de olika idrotter som studerats, sett ur ett jämställdhetsperspektiv? Dessa frågor utgör bara ett par exempel på fundamentala frågeställningar i denna kontext.   För att söka svar på dessa frågor har en kvalitativ metod tillämpats med inriktning mot livsberättelse. I studien intervjuades tolv kvinnliga idrottare, från såväl elitidrotten som breddidrotten, vilka representerade sex olika idrotter, vilka är ishockey, fotboll, handboll, innebandy, volleyboll och vattenpolo. Av resultaten från den föreliggande studien framgår det bland annat att merparten av studiedeltagarna anser att utvecklingen går åt rätt håll, d.v.s. de uppfattar att sina respektive idrotter har blivit mer jämställda. Icke desto mindre betonar respondenterna att det emellertid finns mycket som behöver förbättras. / The purpose with this paper is to investigate gender equality in Swedish sports. More precisely, it is about analyzing female athlete’s life stories focusing on equality within female sports associations. The aim is to highlight how female athlete’s experience and handle issues related to gender and sports. There are a number of vital questions looked into in this paper: Are the female athlete’s experiencing that the development is moving in right direction, that is to say that sports life are becoming more equal? Is there any other area that is particularly neglected regarding gender equality? Are there any significant differences between the sports covered in this paper in terms of gender equality? These questions are just some examples of fundamental issues in this context.   In order to find answers to these questions, a qualitative method has been used focusing on life stories collected during interviews with twelve female, both elite and non-elite athlete’s from six different sports, which are ice hockey, soccer, handball, floor ball, volleyball and water polo. The results show that the majority feels that the development is going in the right direction, in other words they feel that their respective sports have become more equal. Nonetheless, the respondents however emphasizes that there is much that needs to be improved.

Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjama mokslinė literatūra, siekiant atskleisti lyčių lygybės principų įgyvendinimą: sampratą ir taikymo sritis, apžvelgiant istorines jų įgyvendinimo prielaidas bei reglamentavimą Lietuvoje. Buvo atlikta lygių galimybių principų įgyvendinimo analizė, atskleidžianti pozityviuosius veiksmus bei lygių galimybių principų įgyvendinimo institucinius aspektus. / This thesis analyses scientific literature with a purpose to unveil the implementation of the principles of gender equality: that is, it analyses the meaning and application of gender equality principles while taking its historical implementation prerequisites together with legal regulation into account within the scope of Lithuania. This paper is based on the analysis of the implementation of equal opportunities principle. Such analysis unfolds the potential positive outcomes together with some institutional aspects that are essential to the implementation of the principle of equal opportunities.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, Discipline of Gender Studies, 2005. / "November 2004" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 246-263).

Thesis (M. Sc.(Urb. Plan.))--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 190-196).

Submitted by Lafaiete Santos Santiago (lafaiete.santiago@ucsal.br) on 2016-11-14T14:40:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FERREIRA SA 2014.pdf: 1184053 bytes, checksum: 640e2a69c6cfee48a9bfac369151de86 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rosemary Magalhães (rosemary.magalhaes@ucsal.br) on 2017-01-13T14:06:55Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FERREIRA SA 2014.pdf: 1184053 bytes, checksum: 640e2a69c6cfee48a9bfac369151de86 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-13T14:06:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FERREIRA SA 2014.pdf: 1184053 bytes, checksum: 640e2a69c6cfee48a9bfac369151de86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-19 / A presente dissertação analisa o dever do Estado em promover a igualdade de gênero. Assim, são considerados os direitos fundamentais à isonomia, intimidade, dignidade da pessoa e livre determinação sexual. Nesse contexto, a liberdade sexual está inserida como viés dos direitos humanos. Também são enfocados no trabalho os aspectos relevantes que permitem a efetivação desses direitos, especialmente no que concerne à livre determinação sexual. O cerne da pesquisa, entretanto, não é a garantia em abstrato prevista na Constituição Federal, mas sim, a maneira de implementação de tais direitos fundamentais por parte do Estado, com enfoque na concretização, seja pelas políticas públicas, pelas soluções judiciais, ou até mesmo pelos diversos instrumentos normativos que venham a tornar a lei fundamental indene de dúvidas e ratificar um ambiente favorável à sedimentação desses direitos. No Estado Constitucional Democrático brasileiro, encontram-se, em contínua relação, os direitos humanos fundamentais, a democracia e a jurisdição constitucional, impulsionando a força normativa dos direitos individuais (e os sociais), assim como a cidadania participativa e reivindicatória. Destarte as singularidades do direito fundamental à igualdade de gênero, com várias garantias dele decorrentes, deveres estatais prestacionais reconhecidos e progressivos conferem-lhe plena eficácia, exigibilidade e preferência nas colisões principiológicas. Precedentes do Supremo Tribunal Federal e Superior Tribunal de Justiça são analisados, evidenciando-se a ponderação utilizada para concretizar a isonomia. Com efeito, também, são estudados a contribuição do Poder Judiciário na pacificação de conflitos, bem como o papel do Poder Executivo através da implementação de políticas públicas, que impulsionam o processo de efetivação da igualdade de gênero, pois, ainda que restem situações, as quais efetivamente demandem uma solução legislativa mais enérgica e incisiva, sempre em busca da força normativa crescente no texto magno e perspectivas futuras de maximização, cumpre ao Estado promover a concretização constitucional. / This dissertation examines the state's duty to promote gender equality. So, are considered fundamental rights to equality, privacy, dignity and free sex determination. In this context, sexual freedom is inserted as bias of human rights. Are also focused on work relevant aspects that enable the realization of these rights, especially with regard to sexual self-determination. The focus of the research, however, is not guaranteed in the abstract provided in the Constitution, but the manner of implementation of these fundamental rights by the State , with a focus on achievement, either by public policy, the judicial remedies, or even by various normative instruments that may become law harmless from doubts and ratify an environment conducive to settling these rights. In the Brazilian democratic constitutional state, are in continuous relationship fundamental human rights, democracy and constitutional jurisdiction, boosting the normative force of individual rights (and social), as well as participatory citizenship and vindicatory. The singularities of the fundamental right to gender equality, with various warranties hereunder, state duties provided, recognized and progressiveness give it full effect, enforceability and preference in collisions of principles. Precedents of the Supreme Court and Superior Court are analyzed, revealing the weights used to achieve the right to equality. So, are studied the contribution of the Judiciary in the pacification of conflicts and the role of the executive branch through the implementation of public policies that drive the process of realization of gender equality, because even though there are still situations, which effectively demanding a legislative solution more forceful and incisive, always in search of normative force growing in the text magnum and future prospects of maximizing fulfills the State Constitutional promote achievement .

Sweden has made enormous progress when it comes to gender equality hence its ranking as first among other states with a score of 83.9 percent. Despite all the progress, there are still challenges that create a huge gender gap in gender-based professions where some professions are considered male whereas others are termed female. It is obvious that gender segregation still prevails in occupations that are traditionally gendered. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers within the construction industry that are maintaining the gender gap and frustrating Sweden's efforts to steer towards a complete gender equality. The study was analysed based on three theories, glass ceiling (Blackwell ,2017), gender theory (Connell (1996) Simone de Beauvoir, 1949) and gender system (Yvonne Hirdman, 1988) as the main theory. Seven interviews with five women in the construction industry were conducted. Discrimination in working hours, pay gap, sexual harassment, lack of role models are some of the barriers that this report highlights. The findings show that the gender gap is generated by macho culture, male superiority and firmly ingrained masculine norms as well as beliefs.