We have studied the process of recruiting young people to the white power movement. With the help of theoretical concepts as Outsiders and Stigma, we have elaborated the purpose of the study. The focus of the study lays in finding out which elements contributes to adolescence seeking membership in white power, and furthermore what white power organizations offers young people, to attract them to recruitment. We also want to find out if it possibly lays a desire for communion, behind adolescences decision to join these movements, and also how the communion manitains within the group? To expand our knowledge in the field of White Power, we have taken note of a body of literature that deals with the current topic, and previous research that treats questions about subculture, community and recruitment. The methodology underlying this approach is qualitative in nature, with interviews and informant-research of four former supporters of white power. Our empirical data shows that young people enter this movement, when feeling alienated, neglected and abused by social institutions. For young people who seeks belonging in life, the belonging is easier to find in an environment of a divergent nature. Especially if the adolescence lacks of safeness and belonging. Furthermore, most of these youths have a deviant behavior, where they replace their primary emotions with secondary in the form of threats and violence to achieve power and control over as many as possible. However what really comes to show, is that those whom recruited, find themselves in an alienation with deviant tendencies. / Vi har studerat unga som rekryterats till vit maktrörelsen. Med hjälp av teoretiska begrepp som Outsider samt Stigma har vi utarbetat studiens syfte. Vi ville huvudsakligen ta reda på vilka faktorer som bidrar till att unga söker sig till vit makt, samt vad vit makt organisationer erbjuder som lockar ungdomar till rekrytering. Vi har även haft för avsikt att söka svar på om det föreligger en önskan om gemenskap bakom ungdomars beslut att gå med i dessa rörelser, och hur gemenskapen väl upprätthålls inom gruppen. För att utöka vår kunskap inom området vit makt, har vi tagit del av en mängd litteratur som behandlar området, samt tidigare forskning som behandlar fenomen som subkultur, gemenskap och rekrytering. Metoden som ligger till grund för denna ansats är av kvalitativ karaktär med samtalsintervjuer och informantundersökning av fyra personer som varit anhängare av vit makt. Vår empiri och datamaterial har resulterat i att unga söker sig till denna rörelse i skeden av livet då de unga befinner sig i ett utanförskap och upplever sig åsidosatta samt kränkta av samhälleliga institutioner. Unga som befinner sig i ett sökande stadium i livet, dras lättare in i en miljö med avvikande karaktär om denne saknar trygghet samt tillhörighet. Vidare har de flesta individer ett avvikande beteende och ersätter sina primära känslor med sekundära i form av hot och våld i syftet att uppnå makt och kontroll över så många som möjligt. Det som verkligen föreligger är att de som söker sig eller blir rekryterade till vit makt befinner sig i ett utanförskap med avvikande tendenser.

<p><strong><p>Abstract</p><p>This bachelor thesis deals with the close company rules in chapter 56-57 within the Swedish income tax law (IL). The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the outsider rule in 57:5 IL. If a shareholder or a family member works or have worked actively within the company within the fiscal year or the last five fiscal years then the partner has qualified shares and is to be taxed according to the special closed company rules.</p><p>If an outsider, directly or indirectly, is a significant shareholder within the company, and directly or indirectly, are entitled to dividends then an active partner only has qualified shares if there is special reasons. When making the assessment regard must be made to conditions under the fiscal year or the last five fiscal years. There is special reason not to apply the rule if there are agreements regarding how the profit should be split or cross-ownerships between companies.</p><p>If a taxpayer can show that an outsider own 30 percent of the closed company and has a right to dividends and there is no special reason to why the rule should not be applied then the outsider rule is applicable. If the rule is applicable it means that all the shareholders within the company will be taxed for dividends and capital gain with a 25 percent tax rate.</p></strong></p>

In this work are submitted the data of the homeless (living in the streets, shelters and boarding schools) and people having a living space (working people and pupils from the secondary schools), with the purpose of the analysis of homeless personality especialies. Personality especialies – motivation to study, self – esteem, values and psychological filling. 340 men participated in the research. From them 176 are homelesses (126 teenagers living in the boarding schools and 50 middle adult people living in the shelters and in the street ). The teenager‘s age was from 12 to 18 years old. Middle adult age people were selected from 34 to 60 years old ( By Barbara & Philip Newman). With the purpose to analyze homeless personality especialies, such as hypotheses and tasks were put forward (which subsequently have proved to be true): 1. The itself estimation of the middle adult age homeless is lower, than at the same age working people. 2. The value of the middle adult age homelesses and working people of the same age are different. 3. To compare personality especialies of homeless teenagers and secondary school pupils (motivation to study, self – esteem, values and psychological feelling). 4. To compare personality especialies of the middle adult age homeless and the same age working people (motivation to study, self – esteem, values and psychological filling). 5. To compare personality especialies of homeless teenagers and the middle adult age homeless (motivation to study... [to full text]

I denna studie är avsikten att studera vilka faktorer leder till att konflikter uppstår mellan två ungdomsgrupper. Grupperna i denna studie består av utrikesfödda ungdomar och inrikesfödda ungdomar med utrikesfödda föräldrar, på gymnasieskolan Liljevalchs internationella läroverk i Södertälje. För att nå en ökad kunskap om varför konflikter uppstår har vi använt oss av teoretiska utgångspunkter som ett verktyg. Dessa utgångspunkter är teorier om social identifikation, normer och kategorisering samt symbolisk interaktionism. Därmed har studien genomförts med hjälp av en kvalitativ metod, för att få en bättre förståelse för varför konflikter uppstår mellan två specifika ungdomsgrupper. I undersökningen utfördes datainsamlingen utifrån ett snöbollsurval. Genom snöbollsurvalet kom vi i kontakt med åtta ungdomar, där hälften av dessa utgjorde informanter från gruppen utrikesfödda ungdomar och de andra fyra från gruppen inrikesfödda ungdomar med utrikesfödda föräldrar. Med hjälp det empiriska materialet framstår resultatet vara att olika faktorer bidrar till att skapa konflikter mellan grupperna. Därmed kan fastställas att de underliggande faktorerna i sin tur beror bl.a på klädstil, tankesätt, normer samt ett ”vi- och de tänkande”.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: leaf 267-300.

<p>Although interest in the work of untrained artists has surged recently, appearing everywhere from the Venice Biennale to The New Yorker, the art world’s fascination with American autodidacts began nearly a century ago. My dissertation examines how and why American artists without formal training first crashed the gates of major museums and galleries between 1927 and 1940 through case studies on the most celebrated figures of the period: John Kane (1860–1934), Horace Pippin (1888–1946), and Anna Mary Robertson "Grandma" Moses (1860–1961). All three painters were exhibited as “modern primitives,” a category that emerged in the wake of the French naïve Henri Rousseau (1844–1910) but which took on a distinct character in the United States where it became a space for negotiating renewed debates about authenticity in American art as well as pervasive social anxieties over how immigration, race, and industrialization were changing the country. In addition to establishing how the “modern primitive" fit into the pluralistic landscape of American modernism, my dissertation reaches into the present, exploring how the interwar breakthroughs of Kane, Pippin, and Moses prefigured the ubiquity of self-taught artists—often referred to as “outsider” artists—in American museums today.</p> / Dissertation

This thesis deals with the labour market reforms in Spain that were adopted in order to increase the labour market flexibility and decrease the extraordinarily high unemployment persisting in Spain over decades. The thesis focuses especially on the latest labour market reform adopted in February 2012, which is considered the most impactful one, especially regarding dismissals and their cost. After introducing the main characteristics of the Spanish labour market including, among others the historical circumstances that have led to the current situation, an analysis of several labour market indicators is performed, aiming to find out whether the objectives of the 2012 reform were fulfilled or not. Furthermore, the thesis investigates the performance of the German Hartz reforms adopted in 2003-2005 and attempts to quantify the cost of potential application of their measures on the current Spanish labour market situation. This provides a valuable insight useful for the proposal of recommendations to improve the Spanish labour market.

My thesis investigates the universality of the Matrix Language Frame model developed by Myers-Scotton (2002). The work tests the model by using bilingual data which display code-switching between French and the low variety of Lingala. The main concern of the work is to test the constraints that are posited in terms of principles of the model and which claim that the Matrix Language dictates the morphosyntactic frame of a bilingual Complementizer Phrase (CP). In the light of the findings of this study, it was shown that the ML model failed to account for a number of situations; and such was the case of the Morpheme Order Principle and double morphology, specifically with the outsider late system morphemes.

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literaturas, 2006. / Submitted by Diogo Trindade Fóis (diogo_fois@hotmail.com) on 2009-11-13T17:24:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Daniela Bordalo Duarte.pdf: 594646 bytes, checksum: 9c8e017be2d9b2f32f9c32f01f0c5c99 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gomes Neide(nagomes2005@gmail.com) on 2010-01-04T19:11:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Daniela Bordalo Duarte.pdf: 594646 bytes, checksum: 9c8e017be2d9b2f32f9c32f01f0c5c99 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2010-01-04T19:11:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006_Daniela Bordalo Duarte.pdf: 594646 bytes, checksum: 9c8e017be2d9b2f32f9c32f01f0c5c99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09 / Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a atualidade e intensidade da representação da figura do outsider na literatura contemporânea. Dessa forma, o âmago analítico dessa pesquisa são algumas narrativas curtas do autor judeu-polonês, radicado no Brasil, Samuel Rawet, localizando em seus textos as diferenças e as semelhanças entre o que nomeamos na presente investigação de "outsider das trincheiras" e o outsider clássico já estudado e tratado por diversos autores. A dissertação buscará explicitar sob quais aspectos e de quais modos esse sujeito desajustado procura por meio de pequenos atos transgressores e entre as brechas que o grupo social deixa expostas, canais e vias para o acirramento de seus questionamentos e impasses. Desse modo, esse estudo se inscreve dentro da área de pesquisa denominada Literatura e suas fronteiras, conforme se preocupa em suscitar diálogos entre a Literatura e outras áreas do conhecimento como a Sociologia, a Teoria da Comunicação e a Filosofia.

« Quel est le point commun entre un fou, un poète, un artiste, un curé, une personne handicapée mentale et un facteur? L'Art Brut bien sûr». L’Art Brut (les anglophones préfèrent la notion d' Outsider Art) et sa déclinaison actuelle, l'Art Singulier apparaissent comme un sujet qui dépasse largement le cadre artistique et l'invention de Jean Dubuffet en 1945, pour s'étendre au domaine de la psychologie et de la sociologie, en « touchant » la société toute entière. Ce phénomène social et artistique, dans sa diversité, ses manifestations et ses paradoxes, interroge tout autant la sociologie, que l'histoire de l'art. Le regain d'intérêt actuel pour cette forme d'expression singulière, liée à une morale et à une certaine vision del'existence, nous interroge sur des questions essentielles de la vie sociale. A partir d'une enquête et d'entretiens avec des artistes contemporains, nous avons voulu interroger la filiation, artistique et sociologique, entre les pionniers del'Art Brut et les créateurs, qui se réclament aujourd'hui de l'Art Singulier; comprendre le sens de la multiplication des expositions et des manifestations qui sont consacrées à une forme artistique qui semble aujourd'hui cristalliser unecontestation de l'art contemporain officiel et un engagement social spécifique des artistes, dans leur mode de vie et leur rapport au travail. A travers l'étude des thèmes et de l'esthétique particulière à cet« art populaire contemporain», nous avons aussi voulu comprendre quelle vision du monde voulaient nous faire partager ces artistes atypiques et en quoi leurs œuvres étaient révélatrices d'une morale, mais aussi constitutives d'un courant et d'un style. / "What do a lunatic, a poet, an artist, a priest, a mentally retarded person and a postman have in common? "Outsider Art, of course" Outsider art (as it is referred to by English speakers) and its current approach Known as Singular Art (Art Singulier) appear like a subject that goes way beyond the artistic scope and the invention by Jean Dubuffet in 1945, to extend to the field of psychology and sociology, thus encompassing "society at large». This artistic and social phenomenon, through its diversity, its various expressions and paradoxes, raises questions in sociology as well as in the history of Art. The current renewed interest for that furur of uncommon artistic expression, linked to ethics and a certain vision of existence, makes us ponder over the essential issues of social life. Through a survey and several interviews with contemporary artists, we have sociological relation between the pioneers of " Art Brut " and today's artists who claim to belong to " Art Singulier"; we have also tried to understand the meaning of the many exhibitions as well as multifarious .events dedicated to a forum of Art which seems, today, to embody a certain anti-official contemporary trend as well as a specific social commitment from the artists, in their way of life as well as in the relation they have with their own work. By studying the themes and aesthetics of that "contemporary popular art" we have endeavoured to understand what vision of world those atypical artists wanted to share with us and to what extent their works revealed an ethnics and also actually built up an artistic movement and a style.