Tanken om den inkluderande skolan har under en längre tid debatterats livligt av forskare från olika vetenskapliga discipliner. Det som i huvudsak har diskuterats är om, och i så fall varför, alla elever skall undervisas tillsammans eller inte. Märkligt nog har frågan om hur en inkluderande skola kan uppnås inte alls fått samma uppmärksamhet. Syftet med den här studien är att öka kunskapen om och förståelsen för hur ”den inkluderande skolan” kan skapas och hur personal, elever och föräldrar upplever en skola som strävar efter att bli fullständigt inkluderande. Studien bygger på kvalitativa, semistrukturerade intervjuer i en skola vars uttryckliga ambition är att bli en skola för alla elever. Tretton personer intervjuades: fem av skolans personal, fyra elever och fyra föräldrar. I resultatet framkommer det att begreppet ”en skola för alla” har olika betydelse för de intervjuade personerna. Eleverna beskriver ”en skola för alla” som en skola där alla trivs och mår bra. De använder ord som glädje och kamratskap, medan skolpersonalen i huvudsak relaterar till lärande, flexibilitet i undervisningsmetoder, olika former av stöd, storleken på klasserna, antal lärare i klassrummen samt tillgången till tekniska hjälpmedel. / Researchers from different disciplines have debated the idea of inclusion in relation to the educational system for quite a while and the debate is still ongoing. The debate has mainly focused on why and whether all children should be educated together. Interestingly, the question of how inclusion could be achieved has not received the same attention. The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge and understanding of how “the inclusive school” can be created and how a school that attempts to reach full inclusion is experiences by staff, pupils and parents. Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted in a school that has the explicit aim of becoming a school that includes all children. Thirteen people were interviewed: five of the staff, four children and four parents. The results indicate that there are different views among the participants about “the inclusive school”. While the children appear to associate an inclusive school with a feeling of well being and mention words like happiness and friendship the staff mention more knowledge related concepts, such as learning, flexibility in teaching methods, support forms, class size, number of teachers in the classrooms and technical facilities.

This study is about what teachers in primary schools say that they are doing to create a school for all. The purpose of this study is to find out what teachers in primary schools say that they do on their mission to create a school for everyone and how they organize teaching to achieve this. The study was conducted as an interview of five teachers from elementary school of different gender and with a qualitative method because it provides a great opportunity to problematize, interpret and understand the responses of the interviewees. The results show that all the teachers think that their mission is to teach so that they can give each student what they need to achieve the goals. This may not be every day but over time, they hope that all students feel that they get so much of the teacher's time that they need.

The terms”inclusion” and” a school for all” are closely connected. The question schools can ask themselves is how they choose to create inclusion and a school for all and also in what perspective. The purpose with this study was to find out how the headmasters and the teachers at “Blommans skola” reasoned about the definition “inclusion”. In order to fulfill the purpose I used the following questions: How do the teachers reason around the two definitions “inclusion” and “a school for all” and how does this school include children with special needs? I chose to work with a qualitative research method and I performed interviews based on an interview guide. The empirical material I gathered was divided into themes in order to analyze how the participants in the study had concluded the central definition inclusion to individualization, pupils with special needs, a school for all and interest and motivation.  The result of my research show that the informants define inclusion as having the same human value regardless and include everyone accordingly even the ones at the moment not present in the classroom. My material shows that it is the segregated integration that dominates the education situations and that the informants think that it is necessary in order to individualize learning. The informants think it is not excluding to have the pupil attend the school best fitted for the individual needs. My conclusion is that “a school for all” needs to be individually laid out, no matter what special needs are required, since all of us have a different way of learning.

The purpose of the study is to investigate how different leisure-time centres reason about students who need additional adjustments and how they are included in the activities. To find out how leisure-time centres work with inclusion, we have used a qualitative method in form of interviews. We have interviewed five educators who work at different leisure-time centres in Stockholm and Södermanland. In the analysis, we have started from a theoretical framework that includes the labeling theory, Nilholm's four definitions of inclusion and inclusion based on learning environment and image support. The results show that there are obstacles for the educators to involve all students in the planned activities, which means that the resource must be responsible for these students. The results also show that the educators reasoning about what inclusion means is that all students should be involved based on their own conditions. In order for a student to feel included, it is required that he or she feels involved in the activities, such as in the various activities that are held. The student also needs to feel that he or she is a part of the community that summarizes both the activities and friends. / Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur olika fritidshem resonerar kring elever som behöver extra anpassning och hur de inkluderas i verksamheten. För att ta reda på hur fritidshemmen arbetar kring inkludering har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer. Vi har intervjuat fem pedagoger som arbetar på olika fritidshem i Stockholm och Södermanland. I analysen har vi utgått från ett teoretiskt ramverk som innefattar stämplingsteorin, Nilholms fyra definitioner på inkludering samt inkludering utifrån lärmiljö och bildstöd. Resultatet visar att det finns hinder för pedagogerna att få med sig alla elever på de planerade aktiviteterna vilket innebär att resurserna får ansvara för dessa elever. Resultatet visar också att pedagogernas resonemang kring vad inkludering innebär är att alla elever ska vara med utifrån sina egna förutsättningar. För att en elev ska känna sig inkluderad krävs det att hen känner sig delaktig i verksamheten som till exempel i de olika aktiviteterna som hålls. Eleven behöver också känna att hen är en del i gemenskapen som sammanfattar både verksamheten och kompisar.

<p>The purpose of this study is to investigate teachers 'and students' understanding of why students finish school with incomplete scores and which resources they consider necessary for students to accomplish the goals that are set for the students. Owing to the reuse of pupils and teachers' experiences, this study will highlight significant qualitative aspects of work with students who finish school with incomplete high school grades. Hopefully, will this study be a support and information base in secondary school.</p><p>The material forming the basis for the report's theoretical assumptions and the basic assumption is based on Lev Vygotsky sociocultural perspective on learning that Olga Dysthe discuss and develop further in his book, <em>Dialog, samspel och lärande</em>.  The present work is based on qualitative research method. I selected this research method because I am interested in getting an understanding of the importance and significance of this research The study applied a qualitative interview format.</p><p>As a result of the investigation as it has appeared that students difficulties to achieve the goals,depends on several factors, mostly on the student's socio-economic and psychosocial situation they live in. The life situation of the students determines the learning and knowledge process and how they reach their goals. The study concludes that a better synergy between the various stages need to be improved, the necessary resources, teachers need to understand the course objectives and then enlighten them to the students. As a final point, more explicit syllabus is needed owing to the easiness of being interpretable. Having more straightforward syllabus, unfair judgment will be prevented.</p><p> </p>

The purpose of this study is to investigate teachers 'and students' understanding of why students finish school with incomplete scores and which resources they consider necessary for students to accomplish the goals that are set for the students. Owing to the reuse of pupils and teachers' experiences, this study will highlight significant qualitative aspects of work with students who finish school with incomplete high school grades. Hopefully, will this study be a support and information base in secondary school. The material forming the basis for the report's theoretical assumptions and the basic assumption is based on Lev Vygotsky sociocultural perspective on learning that Olga Dysthe discuss and develop further in his book, Dialog, samspel och lärande.  The present work is based on qualitative research method. I selected this research method because I am interested in getting an understanding of the importance and significance of this research The study applied a qualitative interview format. As a result of the investigation as it has appeared that students difficulties to achieve the goals,depends on several factors, mostly on the student's socio-economic and psychosocial situation they live in. The life situation of the students determines the learning and knowledge process and how they reach their goals. The study concludes that a better synergy between the various stages need to be improved, the necessary resources, teachers need to understand the course objectives and then enlighten them to the students. As a final point, more explicit syllabus is needed owing to the easiness of being interpretable. Having more straightforward syllabus, unfair judgment will be prevented.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka stödinsatsen i form av elevassistent och hur insatsen kopplas till elevens behov av särskilt stöd. Studien bygger på tidigare forskning kring elevassistentens roll och funktion i arbetet med elever i behov av särskilt stöd och har en kvalitativ ansats där åtgärdsprogram har samlats in och bearbetats med hjälp av dokumentanalys som metod. Även djupintervjuer av semi-strukturerad karaktär genomfördes med en rektor, en speciallärare och tre elevassistenter. Resultatet från dokumentanalysen analyserades och sammanställdes i en tabell och de inspelade intervjuerna transkriberades och sammanställdes utifrån teman. Resultatet analyserades, sammanfattades och sattes sedan i relation till tidigare forskning samt studiens teoretiska ramverk. Sammanfattningsvis påvisar resultatet att stödbehov kopplat till elevassistent som insats ofta är av social karaktär. Elevassistentens roll handlar med andra ord främst om att fungera som en stödstruktur, speciellt i sociala sammanhang. I elevassistentens roll ingår också ofta någon form av undervisning, antingen enskilt eller i mindre grupper. Elevassisternas behov av stöd hamnar inom områden som planeringstid, handledning och kompetensutveckling. I vilket omfattning detta stöd ges beror utifrån detta resultat lite på vilken enhet samt inom vilka årskullar elevassistenten är verksam. För att säkerställa att insatsen resulterar i en akademisk progression hos eleven, påvisar resultatet att detta sker genom dialoger mellan lärare och elevassistent samt genom olika typer av test. / The purpose of this study was to investigate what kind of support being conducted by the profession student assistant, and how their role is linked to students with special educational needs. The study is based on previous research how the role student assistant is functioning in relation to students with special educational needs. The study has a qualitative approach and the theoretical framework is based on the ecological system theory. Individualized educational plans have been collected and processed using document analysis as a method. In-depth interviews of semi-structured nature was also conducted with a principal, a special teacher and three student assistants. The results of the document analysis were analyzed and complied in a table and the recorded interviews were transcribed and complied based on themes. The result of the document analysis was analyzed, summarized and then compared in relation to previous research as well as the theoretical framework of the study. The results in terms of what is required from the student assistant are pointing towards needs of social character. In other words, the role of the student assistant is primarily to function as a support structure, especially in social contexts. A part within the role also includes teaching, either individually or in smaller groups. The student’s assistants need for support can be categorized into planning time, supervision and adequate education. Whether, and in what extent various support is given, varies from the result. The result demonstrates that the pupil’s academic progression is being ensured via dialogues between teachers and student assistants as well as various types of tests.