Syftet med denna uppsats var att genom yrkesverksammas upplevelser undersöka hur våld i nära relationer mot äldre med demenssjukdom kan yttra sig och vilka möjliga orsaker som kan finnas. Uppsatsen hade en kvalitativ ansats med fokusgruppsintervjuer som datainsamlingsmetod. Fyra fokusgruppsintervjuer med sammanlagt tio informanter genomfördes. Resultatet analyserades tematiskt med utgångspunkt i ålderism samt våld- och maktlöshetsteori. Resultatet påvisade enighet bland informantgrupperna kring orsakerna till att våld uppstår, en orsak var utmattning hos anhöriga. Flera riskfaktorer framgick i resultatet, som att anhöriga var motvilliga till att ta emot hjälp. Demenssjukdom i sig kan ses som en riskfaktor då funktionsnedsättningen kan orsaka att personen hamnar i beroendeställning till anhöriga samt att de inte alltid förstår sin utsatthet. I resultatet framkom att informantgrupperna uppfattade psykiskt våld samt försummelse som de mest förekommande typerna av våld. En slutsats som drogs var att stöd till anhöriga och hjälp i tid var viktigt för att motverka våld. / The purpose of this essay was to, through professionals, investigate how domestic violence against elderly with dementia can manifest and possible causes for violence. The essay had a qualitative onset with focus group interviews as a data collection method, four focus group interviews with a total of ten informants was conducted. The result was analyzed thematically based on ageism and violence- and powerless-theory. The result showed that all informants perceived fatigue as a cause for violence. Several risk factors emerged from the result, for example a relative’s aversion to receive help. Dementia can be perceived as a risk factor since the disability may cause the person to become dependent on others. The informants perceived psychological abuse and neglect as the most common types of violence. A conclusion that could be drawn was that support for the relative and help in time was important to prevent and counteract violence.

Kvinnor utsatta för våld i nära relationer: effekten av utbildningsinterventioner hos vårdpersonal Abstrakt Svensk titel: Våld i nära relationer: effekten av utbildningsinterventioner hos sjuksköterskor.  Bakgrund: Våld i nära relationer påverkar en tredjedel av världens kvinnor. Våldet kan förekomma i olika former som fysisk, psykisk, sexuellt eller ekonomiskt våld. Det finns idag flera organisationer över världen som har riktlinjer för förebyggande av våldet mot kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att kartlägga effekt av utbildningsinterventioner till vårdpersonal om våld i nära relationer  Metod: Litteraturstudien baseras på åtta empiriska artiklar med kvantitativ metod. . PubMed och Cinahl är databaserna som använts vid sökningarna av artiklarna. Analysen av artiklarna inspireras av Popenoes analysmodell.  Resultat: Resultatet delas upp i två delar där i fyra av studierna redovisar effekten på vårdpersonalens kunskap om våld i nära relationer. I de andra fyra studierna redovisas effekten på vårdpersonalens identfieringsförmåga. En signifikant förbättring redovisas i sju av studierna. Studierna använde sig av olika interventioner. Konklusion: Resultatet visar att interventionerna i de inkluderade studierna har en positiv effekt på vårdpersonalens kunskap och förmåga att identifiera våld i nära relationer. Med ökad kunskap kan hjälp ges till personer som utsätts för våld i nära relationer. Vidare forskning inom ämnet våld i nära relationer behövs. Nyckelord: Effekt, interventioner, vårdpersonal, våld i nära relation. / Intimate partner violence against women: The effect of education interventions on healthcare personnel Abstract Background: Intimate partner violence affects a third of the world's female population and comes in various forms, such as physical, psychological, sexual or economic violence. In today society, there are guidelines for prevention of violence against women.  Aim: The aim of the literature study is to map the effect of educational interventions about intimate partner violence aimed at healthcare personnel.   Methods: This literature study consists of eight empirical articles with a quantitative method. PubMed and Cinahl are the two databases used to find these articles. The analysis is inspired by Popenoes analysis model.  Results: The result is divided in two parts, four show the interventions effect on health care personnel’s knowledge and four the effect on health care personnel’s identification ability. A significant improvement is shown in seven of the studies included. All eight studies had different interventions.  Conclusion: The result shows that the interventions in the studies included have a positive effect on health care personnel’s knowledge and ability to identify domestic violence. With increased knowledge help, can be provided to people exposed to intimate partner violence. Further research on intimate partner violence is needed. Keyword: Effect, intervention, health care personal, domestic violence

Denna studie fokuserar på hur fenomenet sexuellt våld beskrivs som problem i det sociala arbetets fält. Dess syfte är att undersöka hur de som i sin yrkesutövning möter sexuellt våld uppfattar och definierar problemet. Studien utfördes ur kvalitativ ansats och genomfördes medelst halvstrukturerade intervjuer, vars resultat sedan analyserades genom genusteori och feministiska perspektiv. Dess övergripande resultat visar att problemet sexuellt våld i socialt arbete förstås som ett särskilt svårt och känsligt problem med tydliga kopplingar till föreställningar om kön. Det beskrivs som nära knutet till andra typer av våld men särskiljs genom sin anknytning till sex och sexualitet. Av studien framgår vikten av att utmana vår förståelse av genus och att söka mer kunskap om problemet sexuellt våld för att kunna arbeta vidare med problemet på ett adekvat sätt. / This study focuses on how the phenomena of sexual violence is formulated as a problem within the field of social work. The purpose of the study is to examine how those who face the problem of sexual violence in the execution of their duties perceive it and and define it. The study was performed from a qualitative viewpoint and was conducted through semi-structured interviews, the results of which were consequently analyzed using gender theory and feminist perspectives. The overall result indicates that the problem of sexual violence is considered an especially complicated and sensitive subject, and largely subject to individual respondents conceptions about gender. Sexual violence is generally perceived as closely linked to other types of violence, but also differentiated by its connection to sex and sexuality. This study reveals the importance of challenging our understanding of gender and of seeking additional knowledge in order to further our understanding of sexual violence in order to appropriately work with it in the future.

Bakgrund: Våld i nära relation är ett folkhälsoproblem som drabbar var tredje kvinna internationellt och var fjärde kvinna nationellt. För att dessa kvinnor ska få adekvat vård krävs att sjuksköterskan har kunskap, tid och strategier för att kunna identifiera våld. Därför är det viktigt att öka kunskapen hos sjuksköterskor om våld i nära relation och skapa strategier för att hjälpa dessa kvinnor. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att möta kvinnor som upplevt våld i nära relation.  Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med induktiv ansats. Artikelsökning gjordes i databaserna Cinahl, Medline och PsychINFO samt via manuell sökning. I resultatet inkluderades 12 vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade år 2013–2023. Fribergs 5-stegs-modell användes som dataanalysmetod.  Resultat: Resultatet delades in i två huvudteman; Utmaningar i mötet och vikten av stöd. Huvudfynden var att sjuksköterskor upplevde bristande utbildning, tidsbrist, otillräckligt stöd samt omfattande emotionell påverkan i mötet med våldsutsatta kvinnor.   Slutsats: Resultatet visar att det finns flera utmaningar i mötet med våldsutsatta kvinnor. Genom att få ökad förståelse för sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att möta kvinnor som har upplevt våld i nära relation kan områden som behöver förbättring identifieras. Utbildning och tid är faktorer som underlättar screening för sjuksköterskor. / Title: Opening Pandora's Box - A Literature Review of Nurses’ Experiences of Encountering Women Exposed to Domestic Violence. Background: Domestic violence is a public health problem affecting one in three women internationally and one in four nationally. For these women to receive adequate care, the nurse needs to have the knowledge, time, and strategy to identify the violence. Therefore, it is important to increase the knowledge of nurses about intimate partner violence and create strategies to help these women. Aim: To describe nurses' experiences of encountering women who have experienced domestic violence.  Method: A qualitative literature review with an inductive approach. Article searches were performed in the Cinahl, Medline and PsychINFO databases as well as via manual search. The results included 12 scientific articles published between 2013–2023. Friberg's 5-step model was used as a data analysis method.  Result: The results were divided into two main themes; Challenges in the encounter and the importance of support. The main findings were that nurses experienced a lack of education, lack of time, insufficient support and extensive emotional impact meeting women subjected to violence. Conclusion: The results show that there are several challenges in dealing with abused women. By gaining an increased understanding of the nurse's experiences of meeting women subjected to domestic violence, areas that need improvement can be identified.  Education and time are factors that facilitate screening for nurses.

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Domestic violence occurs in our society on a daily basis. This entails that children are both exposed to and witness violence in their home. Domestic violence is considered one of the most serious risks to children's health and development. It is therefore important to protect children against this violence. The purpose of this study has therefore been to gain an increased understanding of how social workers' view investigations concerning children who have experienced domestic violence. The aim of this study has also been to investigate social workers' perceived experiences of the opportunities and limitations they have to protect these children. In this study, a qualitative method of semi-structured interviews has been used to interview five social workers'. To analyze the results of the study, previous research, the ecology of human development theory by Bronfenbrenner, and Lipsky's theory of street-level bureaucrats were used. The study found that social workers' have clear procedures that they follow in cases of violence, and that these can provide security for both the social workers' and the families. The social workers also describe that it is important to map risk factors in children's lives, as well as to be aware of their own prejudices when meeting with the families. The social workers' also describe that they can draw attention to various consequences in both the short and long term, which children develop due to the violence. In order to prevent these consequences, it is therefore important that social services become aware of children who experience domestic violence as early as possible. The study also found that the social workers' in their work can identify and promote individual protective factors for these children. The social workers' also present opportunities and limitations that affect their discretion while working with children who have experienced domestic violence. Limitations that are highlighted are insufficient interventions, parents who do not admit violence, parents who do not want to receive interventions and expectations. Opportunities presented are the social workers' motivational work and experiences.

Bakgrund: Kvinnor som utsätts för våld i nära relation är ett globalt problem som strider mot de mänskliga rättigheterna. Våldet kan ske i olika former och leder till allvarliga konsekvenser för kvinnan. Sjuksköterskor har en möjlighet och ett ansvar att fånga upp tecken på våld, men kvinnorna upplever inte alltid sig hörda vid kontakt med vården. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att möta kvinnor som lever i en våldsutsatt relation i en somatisk vårdmiljö. Metod: En kvalitativ litteraturöversikt med 13 vetenskapliga artiklar har granskats med en induktiv ansats. Analysen är gjord enligt Fribergs fem steg. Sökning efter artiklar gjordes i databaserna CINAHL och MEDLINE och manuell frisökning.  Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier och 8 underkategorier. Där kunskapsbrist visade på bristande träning, kunskap och okunskap kring ansvarsområdet. Hämmad av arbetsförhållanden visade på tidsbrist och hög arbetsbelastning. Känslomässig involvering inkluderar känslor i mötet, egna erfarenheter av våldsutsatthet samt att vara lik förövaren. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskorna erfor att de varken hade kunskap eller tid att möta den våldsutsatta kvinnan. Mötet med kvinnorna gjorde sjuksköterskorna känslomässigt involverade vilket påverkade kvalitén på vården. Litteraturöversikten var därför viktig för att få en inblick i hur sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter påverkade utfallet av hur mötet med dessa kvinnor blev. / Background: Women living with intimate partner violence is a global health issue and a threat to the human rights. The violence takes place in different forms and leads to devastating consequences for the women. Nurses plays a key role in recognising signs of intimate partner violence, but women do not always feel heard in contact with healthcare. Purpose: The purpose was to describe nurses’ experiences meeting women living with intimate partner violence in a somatic care environment. Method: A qualitative literature review including 13 scientific articles analysed with an inductive approach using Fribergs five steps. The databases CINAHL and MEDLINE have been used combined with manual search during the searching process. Results: Three main categories and 8 subcategories. Were lack of training, knowledge, and ignorance about responsibilities. Inhibited by working conditions showed lack of time and heavy workload. Emotional involvement includes feelings in the meeting, own experiences of domestic violence and to be like the perpetrator.  Conclusion: Nurses experienced lack of knowledge and time meeting the abused women. Meeting these women made nurses emotionally involved which affected the quality of the care. The literature review was therefore important to get an insight into how nurses experienced these meetings and how it affected the outcome for the abused women.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been declared a public health epidemic. Initial and annual training of healthcare providers regarding guidelines for identification and response to intimate partner violence has been mandated by the Joint Commission and endorsed by the Institute of Medicine. However, many providers/institutions lack the preparation necessary to implement such guidelines. The purpose of the feasibility study was to test the efficacy of an existing IPV training curriculum on participants’ perception of knowledge, cultural competence, confidence (self-efficacy), and attitudes related to identifying and responding to victims of IPV. A sample of convenience including twenty-three registered nurse home-visitors and one social work intern participated in the mandatory one-day training program. However, consent to enroll in the study was voluntary and indicated by completing the study instruments. Participants were asked to complete three evaluative measures: The 11-item Plunkett Demographic Questionnaire (pre-training), a 15-item Training Program Evaluation (post-training), and the 21-item Instructional Measurement Subscales across three time points (pre-Training, post-Training, and six weeks follow-up). All items were numerically coded so the higher the score, the more favorable the response. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (percentages; minimum-maximum, mean, and composite scores; standard deviations; repeated measures analysis of variance; and, paired samples dependent t tests). Four hypothesis statements were made regarding participation in the training program on IPV: “There will be an overall increase in healthcare providers’ perceived level of knowledge and cultural competence,” (hypothesis 1); “There will be an overall increase in healthcare providers’ perceived level of confidence in implementing routine enquiry,” (hypothesis 2); “There will be an overall positive change in healthcare providers’ attitudes towards routine enquiry,” (hypothesis 3); and, “There will be an overall positive change in healthcare providers’ attitudes towards victims of abuse following participation in Improving the Health Care Response to Domestic Violence,” (hypothesis 4). Findings supported previous research outcomes that presently recognized barriers to routine screening/ assessment for IPV can be overcome and positive changes can persist over time as a result of participation in a standard IPV training program. Future research involving larger, random sample populations, are needed to confirm these results.

To provide safety to domestic violence victims, law reform efforts provided victims with a civil remedy in which a judge orders the abuser to stay away from the victim. The research uses 1 rural county judicial system data to evaluate protective orders. Findings indicate that 42% of petitions are dismissed by petitioner's request or failure to prosecute. Moreover, court fees are not recouped in 79% of the cases. Logistic regression analysis indicate that an intimate relationship between the parties and payment of court costs by petitioner increased the probability of dismissal of petition upon petitioner's request; use of a gun and request to protect children increases the probability of applying the Brady Act; stalking and the issuance of the order of protection without social contact increased the probability of violations.

Research on spouse abuse has received greater attention during the last 3 decades around the world. This research was conducted to investigate the selected correlates of alcohol use, drug use, and marital status and the effects they have on use of weapons and violent behavior. The secondary data used was from a study done in Chicago from 1995-1998, called the Chicago Community Crime Prevention and Intimate Violence Study. There were 210 domestic violence victims studied in one Chicago area. Each victim was asked a series of the same questions. It was found that 39.4% of the domestic violence cases involved an alcohol problem, and 45.1% of them involved drugs. It was found that divorced subjects had the highest percentage of the use of a weapon (67%). In the overall cross tabulations, alcohol, drug use, and marital status were not significantly related to the use of a weapon and violent behavior. It was also found that alcohol consumption and violent behavior was significant at the .10 level of significance.