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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

制御焦点が課題への取り組みの粘り強さに与える影響とその効果量の推定 / セイギョ ショウテン ガ カダイ エノ トリクミ ノ ネバリズヨサ ニ アタエル エイキョウ ト ソノ コウカリョウ ノ スイテイ

長谷 和久, Kazuhisa Nagaya 22 March 2020 (has links)
本論文は,個人の目標志向性を2種類—予防焦点 (prevention focus) と促進焦点 (promotion focus)—に大別する制御焦点理論 (Regulatory focus theory) を基礎に,制御焦点の差異と課題に対する粘り強さの関係性について明らかにすることを目的とした。研究1から研究6までの各研究をとおして制御焦点理論に関する先行研究の追試可能性,制御焦点理論の視座に立って研究を行うことの意義,そして制御焦点の差異が創造性課題や自由再生課題に対する粘り強さに与える影響について検討を行った。 / 博士(心理学) / Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University
32

研發扣抵與兩稅合一之政策效果 ‒ 以台灣與 OECD 國家比較 / The policy effect of research & development tax credit and dividend imputation credit – International comparison between Taiwan and OECD countries

林奕成, Lin, Yih Cheng Unknown Date (has links)
研發扣抵政策之有效性在過去文獻有著不一致的結果,許多研究者認為可能原因之一即為與兩稅合一的衝突,實施兩稅合一之後,在有限的資金之下將增加公司發放股利的誘因;同樣的,在實施研發扣抵後亦將增加公司研發投資的金額,都會影響彼此的政策效果。   近年來台灣經歷獎勵投資條例、促進產業升級條例及現在的產業創新條例,其對投資之效果飽受爭論。而我國除採取研發扣抵政策外,亦實施兩稅合一政策以解決重複課稅之問題,因此在台灣兩稅合一與研發扣抵是否會互相衝突會是一項值得探討的議題。   本文以 1996 年至 2014 年台灣與 OECD上市公司的非均衡追蹤資料 (Unbalanced panel data) 來進行分析。實證結果指出,同時實施兩稅合一及研發扣抵的國家相較於其他樣本,其股利支付與研發投資之間的關係呈現更為顯著的負相關,代表當同時實施雙重扣抵制度,兩項支出之間的衝突性更為明顯。   本文另外也做了台灣與其他國家的比較,實證結果指出,台灣雖實施雙重扣抵制度,但其支出之間的關係,反而呈現較為顯著的正相關。可能的原因即為台灣之研發扣抵相較於兩稅合一,其誘因明顯為大,因此文末亦作了 difference in difference 的敏感度分析,但結果顯示不論是 1998 年兩稅合一或 2010 年產創條例實施後,研發投資與股利支付之間的關係並沒有顯著的改變。 / The effectiveness of R&D tax credit is inconsistent in past literature, and many researchers believe one possible reason is the impact of dividend imputation credit. After imputation credit, it will increase the company’s incentive to pay dividend. Also, after R&D tax credit, it will increase the payment of R&D investment. So both of the policy will affect the effect of each other. In recent years in Taiwan, we experienced Statute for the Encouragement of Investment, Statute for Upgrading Industry and current Statute for Industrial Innovation, and their effect on investment suffered controversy. In Taiwan, we have not only R&D tax credit, but also the implementation of dividend imputation to relieve the problem of double taxation, so it becomes an important issue. This paper examines the unbalanced panel data of Taiwan and OECD from 1996 to 2014. Empirical results indicate that in the context of both R&D tax credit and dividend imputation credit compared to the other sample, the negative correlation is more significant between the dividend payments and R&D investment. It means when we implement both credits, the payments of dividend and R&D conflict more. This paper also examines Taiwan with respect to OECD countries, and the empirical results indicate that although the implementation of both credits, the positive correlation is more significant between the two payments in Taiwan. One possible reason is that the R&D tax credit in Taiwan is obviously more attractive than the dividend imputation credit. Therefore, I also use the sensitive analysis of difference in difference to examine this problem. However, it shows that after the implementation of dividend imputation in 1998 or R&D tax credit of Statute for Upgrading Industry in 2010, the relationship of payments doesn’t differ obviously.
33

台灣租稅獎勵與產業發展

胡貝蒂 Unknown Date (has links)
各國政府經常運用諸如租稅獎勵、補助、低利融資等產業政策工具來促進產業發展,然而部分學者認為政府介入市場運作的結果,可能造成資源配置的扭曲,反而不具經濟效益,故呼籲政府應尊重市場運作機制。以台灣長期運用的租稅獎勵政策為例,有人認為台灣經濟奇蹟的背後,租稅獎勵扮演相當重要的角色,但也有人認為,租稅獎勵造成租稅不公平,而且降低產業競爭力。究竟租稅獎勵與產業發展的關係為何,租稅獎勵是否有助產業政策的發展,是一項值得吾人探討的議題。 為了深入瞭解這項議題,本文係以台灣實施經驗為例,分析台灣租稅獎勵的特色與產業發展過程,回顧研究租稅獎勵實施成效的文獻,並比較世界各國如新加坡、日本、韓國等國家運用租稅獎勵工具的情形,最後並對我國的產業租稅政策提出建議。本研究主要的發現為,無論就理論或實證的分析,租稅獎勵是否有助於台灣的產業發展,並無法獲得一致性答案;台灣目前所提供的租稅獎勵項目或優惠程度並不低於新加坡、韓國等貿易競爭國家或日、美等先進國家。就未來台灣整體產業租稅獎勵政策,本文的建議為,多善用其他非租稅獎勵工具,協助產業發展;持續進行租稅改革,合理化稅負環境;適度修正促進產業升級條例,強化租稅獎勵功能。 / In many countries the industrial policy instruments, such as low interest loan, grants and tax incentives are used to assist industrial development. However, some researchers argue that government intervention would always result in recourses distortion and economic inefficiency; and claim for respecting market mechanism. Taiwan’s government for a long period, for example, has provided tax incentives. Some people think that tax incentives play an important role in Taiwan’s economic miracle. But others think that tax incentives result in tax discrimination, and weakness industry’s competitive ability. Therefore, how does tax incentive influence industrial development is a controversial issue. With aims to know how does tax incentives influence industry, this paper takes Taiwan’s experience as an example, introduces the feature of Taiwan’s tax incentives and the process of industrial development. Furthermore, this paper surveys Taiwan’s researches on the effectiveness of tax incentives and compares tax incentives adopted by Singapore, Japan, Korea, and America. This paper also present suggestions to the policies of industries taxation base on the research findings. The main findings are that by theoretic or empirical study, we cannot find consentaneous answer for whether tax incentive is helpful for industrial development;and tax incentives provided by Taiwan government are no less than that by other countries. According to the research findings, we suggest that the government should utilize non-tax instruments more;the government should continue to accelerate tax reforms, and thereby to establish a fair and rational tax environment;and tax incentive is still important for some business activity such as R&D in the knowledge-based economy.
34

企業營運總部之股市影響

林必佳, Pi-chia Lin Unknown Date (has links)
摘要 本研究探討民國九十一年開始實施之企業營運總部政策對股市之影響,分為三部分。第一部份採用法令分析及文獻探討方式,分析我國與鄰近國家關於營運總部政策及其租稅優惠之異同,並佐以各界對此項政策之評論,以得出我國營運總部政策優劣之處;第二部份以敘述性統計檢視各產業符合營運總部申請要件比率及各要件達成之難易程度,以做為建立迴歸模型之基礎;第三部分則利用事件研究法與迴歸分析探討股市於營運總部政策演變期間股價異常報酬情形,並檢測股價異常報酬率與各要件間的關連性。 在我國營運總部申請要件方面,實質控制海外關係企業、員工人數和學歷、國內年營收淨額、國內年營業費用及國外關係企業年營收淨額等均較新加坡、上海和馬來西亞嚴格,『實質控股』、『員工學歷』和『國外關係企業年營收淨額』更為他國所無之要件。而雖然我國之租稅優惠較此三國優渥,但如無相關配套措施,優惠效果也會大減。在符合要件分析方面,本文針對458家上市公司進行分析,整體符合要件比率為29.85%。在各申請要件中,以國內年營收淨額、年營業費用和員工人數為企業較易達成之要件。但就國外關係企業佈局國家數及其年營收淨額而言則較不易達成,可謂企業欲獲得此項租稅優惠之最大障礙。而就各產業別觀之,以塑膠、電子和水泥業之符合比率最高,機電、電線電纜、塑膠、百貨、玻璃和造紙業次之。而紡織、化學和食品業則因無法達到國外關係企業佈局國家數與其年營收淨額此兩項要件導致符合比率相當低。另外汽車、營建、運輸、觀光與金融保險業中無一家公司達到符合營運總部設立要件。此結果顯示傳統產業在獲取營運總部租稅優惠上仍趨於劣勢,可能造成產業別租稅不公平之現象。 營運總部政策演變過程中,股市普遍給予其正面評價,包括在經濟部起草規劃、經發會通過、經濟部與行政院增訂促產條例,以及立法院三讀通過等六個事件日,皆出現顯著為正之股票異常報酬。而在分析企業申請營運總部獲准日之股市反應方面,在通過日之次一交易日也有顯著之正值異常報酬。 以迴歸模型檢視影響股價異常報酬之因素,在全體上市公司樣本方面,股市對電子業仍給予最高的顯著股價異常報酬,不過,實證上並無發現設立要件有顯著影響股價異常報酬之結果。就73家核准公司樣本分析則顯示遞延所得稅負債科目金額之大小對累積股價異常報酬率有顯著之正值影響。 / Abstract In January 30, 2002, the legislative Yuan passed the Chapter VI-1 of the Statute for Upgrading Industries to encourage companies to utilize worldwide resources and set up the operational headquarters in Taiwan by providing preferential tax interests. Using 2001 corporate financial statement data and regression analysis, this study explores the influence of the Operational -Headquarter policy on the reactions of the stock market. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Regarding the qualification requirements, Taiwan has a more strict qualification than those of Singapore, Shanghai and Malaysia, especially in the specification of “control over the foreign affiliates,” “the net revenues and expenses of the operational headquarter,” “the quantity and quality of employees,” and “the net revenues of the affiliates abroad.” 2. The statistical analyses show that there is 29.85% companies meet of requirements of operational headquarters. Among the qualifications, the requirements of “foreign affiliates” are the most difficult criteria to achieve than others, causing the traditional industries cannot qualify for applying the approval. 3. During the event period of this study, the stock market reacts to the proposal by significant positive stock abcdrmal returns. It shows the stock market favors the new policy. The regression results indicate that investors give the Electrical industry higher evaluation than other industries.
35

企業社會責任與執行長之調節焦點 / Corporate social responsibility and CEO regulatory focus

謝適陽 Unknown Date (has links)
進入21世紀,公司對履行企業社會責任的概念越來越重視。然而,先前的研究較少注重於何種因素驅使公司朝永續企業發展,本研究從心理學調節焦點的角度探討公司執行長的心理特質是否對社會責任的履行有重要影響,而調節焦點把一般人區分為促進焦點與防禦焦點。 本文依據S&P1500中4714個樣本觀察值,利用各公司致股東報告書裡的關鍵字衡量樣本公司執行長的調節焦點強度。實證結果發現,擁有高促進焦點的執行長與企業社會責任的缺失有負向關係,而高防禦焦點的執行長則會降低公司社會責任的優勢並產生較多缺失。這些結果代表不同心理特質的執行長,由於對達成目標的方式也不同,進而影響到實際公司的策略結果。本研究結果對公司董事會、提名委員會及其他利關係人在選任高階經理人以推行企業社會責任時具有重要意涵。
36

美國短工補償法制之研究 / A research of short-time compensation of America

高思齊 Unknown Date (has links)
短工補償制度(short-time compensation program)是指在經濟不景氣期間,雇主為避免解僱勞工而縮減勞工工時,並對勞工縮減的工資予以補助的一種措施。藉由短工補償制度,勞工可以維持工作,雇主可以節省在景氣回復後重新僱用與訓練勞工的成本,社會全體可以減少失業帶來的社會問題,達到三贏的局面。 美國短工補償制度由各州自行實施,最早通過立法的是加州,於一九七八年施行,美國聯邦於一九八二年立法,目前共有十八州實施。然而由於立法技術上問題使短工補償制度在美國的發展遇到瓶頸,難以繼續擴張到其他州。雖然如此,對許多已實施短工補償制度的地區,如加州、紐約州、華盛頓州、堪薩斯州等州而言,短工補償制度在就業安定政策上扮演相當重要的角色。 二零零八年台灣受到金融海嘯衝擊,引發高失業率及無薪休假現象,使我國政府開始思考因應對策。二零一零年五月三日行政院勞工委員會公布施行「就業保險促進就業實施辦法」,其中第二章為「僱用安定措施」,規定在經濟不景氣期間雇主為避免解雇得縮減勞工工時,而公立就業服務機關將補貼勞工縮減的工資,為我國首次制定的短工補償制度。惟「僱用安定措施」設有極高的啟動門檻,故目前尚無任何實際辦理之經驗。
37

我國視障者從事醫療按摩之法制建構—以英國視障物理治療師之促進法制為借鏡 / Draft law about visually impaired persons engaged in medical massage – with British visually impaired physiotherapists as a example

陳奇威 Unknown Date (has links)
本文以視障者無法從事醫療按摩為研究目的,探討過去視障按摩制度,發現視障者處於社會結構之弱勢,因而產生接近憲法、法律保障權益之權利障礙。職是,本文參酌涉及身障者權益保障之國際規範,將其「社會模式人權觀點」引入,強調身障者「作為人」,應享有與他人相同之權利。並以英國2010平等法之平等權,對我國現行大法官平等權之解釋,加以反思,並以此建構我國憲法保障身障者權益之憲法框架。其後,本文參考英國視障物理治療師之促進制度,並建構「執業規範」與「促進措施」加以區分之醫療按摩一職。就其「執業規範」,依循我國對醫事人員進用管道之教育、考試以及執業加以建構;另就「促進措施」,則參酌英國促進措施之特色,即多元性、個別化、專家協助、促進措施間之連結性、權利救濟保障加以建構。並以醫療按摩作為視障者從事醫療行業之開端,希冀日後視障者亦能如常人般,得依其意願、興趣,自由選擇所欲從事之職業。
38

鋼橋防食に用いられる金属皮膜の腐食劣化評価に関する実験的研究

伊藤, 義人, ITOH, Yoshito, 金, 仁泰, KIM, In-Tae, 肥田, 達久, HIDA, Tatsuhisa, 坪内, 佐織, TSUBOUCHI, Saori, 忽那, 幸浩, KUTSUNA, Yukihiro 03 1900 (has links)
No description available.
39

面外ガセット溶接継手の腐食特性と疲労挙動に関する基礎的研究

貝沼, 重信, KAINUMA, Shigenobu, 細見, 直史, HOSOMI, Naofumi, 金, 仁泰, KIM, In-Tae, 伊藤, 義人, ITOH, Yoshito, 柿木, 信浩, KAKINOKI, Nobuhiro 03 1900 (has links)
No description available.
40

円形素地露出部を持つ防食鋼板の腐食劣化評価に関する実験的研究

金, 仁泰, KIM, In-Tae, 伊藤, 義人, ITOH, Yoshito 03 1900 (has links)
No description available.

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