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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

第二次北韓核武危機中共扮演角色之研究 / A Study on the role of China during the 2nd North Korea nuclear crisis

宋玉蓮 Unknown Date (has links)
北韓自1950年代起逐步建立其核武實力,形成對國際社會的嚴重威脅,基於其政權生存與經濟的需要,動輒以核武要脅國際社會換取能源、糧食援助及安全保障。1994年第一次北韓核武危機結束後,由於美國與北韓後續未確實履行核框架協議,從2002年10月北韓承認恢復其核計畫、美國開始停止對北韓供應重油起,北韓動作頻頻,除自2003年1月10日起宣佈退出禁止核子武器擴散條約外,更積極發展核武抗衡美國與國際社會,對相關國家的安全造成莫大影響,並期望藉此獲得所需的政治利益與經濟援助。北韓的行為引起國際關注,視之為第二次北韓核武危機。中共、南韓、日本、俄羅斯及美國對此均投以高度關注,努力謀求解決之道,而中共更是此次核武危機演變與發展的關鍵斡旋角色。 第二次北韓核武危機發生以來,中共對核武問題的解決發生了建設性的作用,各輪會談能夠持續運作,中共以穿梭外交遊走於各國功不可沒,其角色重要而多樣,儼然成為斡旋者、調停者、領導者、防衛者、緩衝器、利益攸關者、平衡者、機制建議者,若依北韓核武危機往良性發展的端倪來看,未來中共更可能兼具經濟支援者、安全保障者和制度監督者的角色。此次的核武危機為中共大國外交提供難得的歷史機運,藉由複雜的危機解決過程,緩和了危機的緊張態勢,更藉由與各國間的互動與合作,獲得實質外交進展,提高了中共的國際影響力,同時這樣的作為也是符合各方利益的最佳選擇。 本文主要包含兩大方向:首先探討第二次北韓核武危機的背景與判斷北韓發展核武的動機,繼之簡述兩次核武危機始末;接著統整自三邊會談、六方會談召開以來之情勢發展及與會各國互動形成的共識共決,分析中共居中的角色與其國家利益之間的關聯性,並研判該議題未來走向。 / Since 1950s North Korea has gradually built up its nuclear weapon capabilities, forming a serious threat to international community. Based on the need of regime survival and economy, North Korea frequently uses nuclear weapons in threatening international community for exchanges of energy, food aid and security assurances. After the end of the First North Korea Nuclear Crisis in 1994, US and North Korea did not actually carry out the Agreed Framework, North Korea confessed to restart its nuclear program in October 2002 while US suspended supplying heavy fuel oil to North Korea. In addition to its withdrawal from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, North Korea also actively develops nuclear weapons to contend with the US and international community, bringing about huge impacts on the security of relative countries, hoping to exchange for more political benefit and economic assistance. The behavior of North Korea has raised international attention, regarding it as the Second North Korea Nuclear Crisis. China, South Korea, Japan, Russia and the US all pay high attention and work hard to seek for solutions to the crisis. China has played a key role in the evolution and development of the Second North Korea Nuclear Crisis. Since the inception of the 2nd North Korea Nuclear Crisis, China has turned out to be constructively pivotal in solving nuclear weapon problems. The fact that six rounds of talks can take place continuously go to China’s credit, which pursues shuttle diplomacy to coordinate the activities of the other six-party talks participators, playing roles that are important yet various, apparently becoming a mediator, good officer, host, defender, buffer, stakeholder, balancer, mechanism keeper, and, in viewing from the point that North Korea Nuclear Crisis has been developed toward a more positive direction, China will more than likely take key role as economic supporter, security guarantor and mechanism supervisor. This nuclear crisis provides China a rare historical opportunity of big-power diplomacy. Through complex crisis solving process to détente intense situation and the interaction and cooperation among Northeast Asian nations to obtain actual diplomatic progress, the influence of China has soared while such action is the best choice in complying with relative nation’s interests. The study mainly include two directions: At first the background of the Second North Korea Nuclear Crisis be reviewed and the motive of North Korea in developing nuclear weapon be determined. Then how the two nuclear crises began and ended are briefly stated, followed by integration of situation development since the Three-party talks, Six-party talks and the common agreement formed among participating nations. The role of China and relations to its interest is analyzed and thus the future direction of the issues is also carefully studied.
12

北韓核武發展對國際安全之影響

鍾俊山 Unknown Date (has links)
2002年元月,美國小布希總統宣稱北韓與伊拉克、伊朗,同屬「邪惡軸心」(Axis of Evil)國家,這些國家均係美國列入防止核武擴散之對象,於是北韓與美國關係旋墜落谷底,北韓之鬥爭策略是先昇溫,復加壓,然後迫使美國讓步;北韓復於2006年10月9日,正式對外宣布成功進行地下核武試驗,此舉無疑對東亞及國際安全均帶來衝擊。台灣基於同為亞太國家成員之一,應該理解北韓核武危機所牽動東北亞安全環境變化,以及美國、日本、中國及俄羅斯等國家多邊體系關係,倘北韓核武危機未能圓滿解決,擁核後之北韓除易成為東北亞潛伏威脅外,將引起日本加速武裝。北韓除製造核武問題外,北韓經濟困頓、民不聊生,朝鮮勞動黨為維繫獨裁政權統治,大肆販售飛彈等軍火牟取利益,甚至遭控訴涉及國際間多起販毒、製造假煙及偽造美鈔事件,而台灣位居東亞海空交通樞紐,台灣海峽為北韓船隻往來必經之路,因而有必要瞭解北韓政軍經現況,深入剖析北韓對於國際間衍生種種安全問題,訂定因應措施,以確保國家安全。 由於台灣外交情勢嚴峻,往往無法參與區域性國際組織,北韓乃伺機對台洽購精密儀器或刺探高科技產業技術,使得台灣容易成為北韓覬覦獲得國際管制性物品漏洞,本論文試圖探究並思索如何防止北韓向台灣採購可供軍事用途之精密儀器等用品,或可供生產提昇國防武器裝備之科技機器流向北韓,並配合國際反恐措施予以列管,這樣不僅符合國際利益,而且可以提昇台灣國際形象與國家地位;況且台灣亦有必要隨時瞭解國際上及美、歐等先進國家之最新出口管制措施,從而監督台灣廠商禁止將進口之高科技戰略性物品與生產之精密工具機,輾轉出口至管制地區(包括:伊朗、伊拉克、利比亞、北韓、中國、古巴、蘇丹等國),並配合國際防止擴散組織,共同防止大規模毀滅性武器擴散,形成全球安全之出口管制制度。 / In January 2002, President George W. Bush declared North Korea, Iraq, and Iran as an “axis of evil”. These countries are regarded as subject to the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons by the U.S. As a result, the relationship between North Korea and the U.S. has deteriorated. North Korea has attempted to gradually increase pressure to force the U.S. to concede; on October 9, 2006, North Korea officially announced the success of its secret nuclear weapon test, which undoubtedly made a tremendous impact on security in East Asia and the world. As a member of the Asia Pacific Region, Taiwan should understand how security in Northeast Asia changes due to the fact that North Korea is now a country with nuclear weapons. Taiwan should also be aware of the multilateral relations between the U.S., Japan, China, and Russia. Without a satisfactory solution to the threat of North Korean nuclear weapons, Japan may accelerate its military build-up in response to this lurking danger in Northeast Asia. Besides the nuclear weapon issue, North Korea has a poor economy and starving people. The Korean Workers’ Party has been accused of being involved in arms sale (such as missiles), international drug smuggling, counterfeit tobacco products, and counterfeit U.S. banknotes in order to maintain its dictatorship. As Taiwan’s geographic position is vital in the air and sea transport in East Asia, it is imperative for Taiwan to understand North Korea’s politics, armed forces, and economy. Taiwan must analyze and understand international security issues related to North Korea and map out corresponding actions so as to ensure national security. Due to its difficult diplomatic situation, Taiwan is unable to join many regional organizations. Therefore, North Korea takes this opportunity to purchase precision devices or pry into high technology from Taiwan. This makes Taiwan prone to become a legal loophole of which North Korea can take advantage to obtain international control items. This study investigates the ways for Taiwan to prevent North Korea from purchasing precision devices for military use or high-tech machinery that can improve defense weapons. In addition, the study also discusses how Taiwan can have better export control against North Korea by conforming to international anti-terror measures. To follow international principles is not only in line with global interests, but can also improve Taiwan’s international image and status. Therefore, Taiwan must keep itself updated of the latest export control measures implemented by the U.S., Europe, and other advanced countries. By doing so, Taiwan government can also prevent corporations in Taiwan from re-exporting strategic high-tech commodities and related production machinery to controlled territories, such as Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, China, Cuba, and Sudan. With cooperation with international non-proliferation organizations, proliferation of WMDs can be stopped and a comprehensive export control network can be formed to maintain global security.
13

冷戰結束後中共地緣政治之研究

張漢平 Unknown Date (has links)
「地緣政治」從字面上來看,就知道它是與地理、政治有關的課題研究,從深層的角度來看它則是以地理的宏觀思維來解釋一個國家的政治行為的科學。人與自然環境之間的關係是永久存在的,因而地理環境對人類社會總會有一定的影響和制約。中西方學者的對地緣政治地理的詮釋都不盡相同。有必要先將地緣政治理論的淵源、定義及形成的因素加以深入探討,以建構本文研究立論之基礎。 自從第二次世界大戰後所形成的兩極對抗終結後,世界各個主要國家無不針對此一新的國際環境重新思索未來的發展與相應作為,以利其在新的國際體系產生醞釀過程中,爭取國家的安全發展與最佳角色、地位及對全球之影響力。中共利用地理上海陸兼備的特色及廣大經濟市場需求的優勢,積極營造有利其爾後綜合國力發展的地緣政治環境,並已躍昇為國際多強體系中的「一極」。尤其是中國大陸位於亞太地理位置的中心,而且是目前是世界經濟增長最快的地區,尤其中國大陸乃是全球人口最多、市場需求容量最大、經濟增長速度最快的國家,若中共能夠針對其地緣政治環境之特色,因勢利導,調整因應,以海陸交鋒的地理條件採全方位輻射同步發展的模式、以優勢的文化背景吸附多數鄰國為伍、以平等互惠爭取周邊強國的支持,則其後續的發展潛力不僅能成為亞洲區域或歐亞大陸的權力主宰者,更足以挑戰美國的全球霸權地位。 基於全球經濟發展與經貿整合不可逆轉的趨勢,中共未來地緣政治發展的主軸仍然會指向經濟方面,同時透過睦鄰政策的持續推動與夥伴關係的建立,營造一個以中國大陸為核心的東亞大陸地緣政治板塊。進而藉軍事變革的力量,將解放軍改造成一支能有效執行防衛國土的地面部隊、能達到對強權嚇阻的飛彈部隊、能走出大洋的空中武力與遠海艦隊。並以「上海合作組織」及「六方會談」打擊國內的三股勢力,同時爭取東北亞區域事務的主導權;積極參與「東協」組織,在經濟上維持東南沿海的經濟整合與發展及建立可以聯繫歐洲的地緣經濟板塊,在政治上突破美國的圍堵,爭取東南亞地區政經命脈的主控權。最後是發揮「博鰲論壇」的最大影響力,建構一個真正屬於「亞洲人的亞洲」、「中國的亞洲」的地緣政治理想。 冷戰結束後,所形成的國際大環境呈現出全球化的趨勢、以合作代替對抗的國際互動模式及經濟發展的主流意識等地緣政治環境特色,對即將成長、茁壯的中共而言,無非是一種新的機遇。另一方面,中國大陸周邊地區既有美國在西太平洋、中亞地區軍事部署上的圍堵;以及周邊「三股勢力」(恐怖主義、分裂主義、極端主義)的興起,加上鄰國潛在的糾紛衝突及領土、主權、資源的爭奪等複雜交錯的危機,對中共內外環境及爾後的向外發展也會產生一定程度的制約與挑戰。中共在此機遇與挑戰相互拉扯的過程中,若能「掌握機遇,積極發展」及「厚植國力,迎接挑戰」,將在未來的地緣政治發展開創出嶄新局面。 一國的地理位置決定了它周邊安全與發展的環境,也決定了它在國際戰略格局中的地位,這是一個國家在地理上的根本特性,其影響具有恆久性。拿破崙曾說:「瞭解一個國家的地理,就可以瞭解其對外政策。」任何一個國家所面臨的利益、威脅與未來發展,都與該國的地緣位置息息相關。也就是一個國家的行為必然會受到地理的制約,為了建構符合本身利益的地緣政治環境,就必須掌握形成地緣政治的因素,充分運用地理的優勢,同時避開地理的限制,才能夠達到維護國家安全與發展之目的。總之,檢視中共在冷戰結束後所呈現的國家政治行為之目標,可歸納惟下列幾點地緣政治的戰略意涵: 一、營造「多極化」的格局-打破美國所主導的全球地緣政治格局。 二、提升大國地位-突顯中共崛起的意志與決心,並爭取對國際政治權力的分配。 三、擴大順從中共周邊的勢力範圍-強化對周邊地緣政治板塊的影響力度。 四、遏制「台獨、疆獨、藏獨」的分離勢力-維持中國大陸地緣政治內外環境的安全與穩定。 台灣的地理位置處於中國大陸的東緣,正位於東北亞與東南亞的中央樞紐地帶,這個自然地理特徵限制著台灣必須朝向南北或東面方向發展,也就是要以經營亞太地區作為發展的主要腹地。冷戰結束後中共也趁勢在亞太地區安全、政治、經濟領域中積極建構扮演主導及領航的角色,主要目的除了改善與周邊國家的關係外,就是要藉此強迫他們在台灣與中共兩邊作出明確的選擇,以達到孤立台灣的目的。此外由於中共地緣政治的發展效用,已反映出中共在國際影響力漸次上升,促使美國在現實利益的考量下,在美國、台灣、中共的三角關係中,美國選擇向中共傾斜的發展。未來在中共逐起崛起的大環境不變狀況下,美國也將被迫向中共靠攏,相對地稀釋了台灣與美國之間的關係,這將是台灣未來安全與發展的一大警訊。 冷戰結束後,隨著美蘇兩強對抗格局的消失,在全球各個區域普遍響起經濟發展及經濟整合的熱潮,在現代國際發展趨勢而言,以經濟利益為基礎的發展途徑,將能創造另一個政治、外交地緣政治新局,其中以「自由貿易區」模式的發展最具成效。預期未來「地緣經濟」勢必成為國際體系建構與發展的一個主流模式。最後來觀察陸地與海洋兩者的相互關係,陸地會對海洋構成控制的效果,海洋則對陸地產生包圍與封鎖的作用,在現代的國際政治權力環境中,它們都可以具體呈現出國家權力的所在。

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