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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

台北市民主治理之研究(1994~2008年) / A Research to Democratic Governance of Taipei City (1994~2008)

郭中玲 Unknown Date (has links)
台灣地區的民主化過程一直是中外學者注視的焦點。在長期實行民選地方政府或地方自治的台灣,真正是一個民主的社會嗎?在解嚴、動戡時期終止前,很容易回答,由於沒有組黨自由,中央民代選舉只是部分的增額改選,台灣的全國政治並不能達到民主社會的基本標準。但是,地方選舉則是長期地、完整地在舉行,要回答台灣地方是否民主,仍很難輕易地給予答案。地方民主是如此複雜、多樣化的面貌,如何才算達成地方民主?本論文基本上是以Leach和Percy-Smith所提出的地方民主的四個面向為標準,此即:1、課責性;2、回應性;3、參與性;4、代表性;進而探討。 筆者研究後發現:第一,從台北市的民主經驗來看,代表性應該不是問題的癥結;所謂的代表性是否意味著該和R. A. Dahl所言的,和社會人口或職業的結構相符合?在地方民主上來看,由於社會的多元化,以及要求民意代表的專業及高學歷背景,代表社會結構的多元民主(polyarchy)是否值得再強調?可以深思。第二,從台北市的民主經驗來看,參與性應該是地方民主很重要的一項指標。如何讓民眾更直接的參與到民主政治中,除了選舉之外,應該有更多的、直接的交換意見的平台或管道,例如公民投票、公民論壇、協調會等等。第三,地方民主的參與和地方政府的回應性夾雜在一塊,民眾參與到政策討論的領域中,政府也加入予以回應。所以,地方民主中,回應性與參與性似乎呈現某種程度的關聯性。第四,不論是參與性、回應性等民主的程度,都與政府能力有關,似乎地方政府解決問題的能力越高,民眾就越會表現出對於地方政府做為的參與,以及政策的回應。
2

佛瑞爾斯《美麗壞東西》中的監控、人權,與聯合策略 / Surveillance, Human Rights, and Solidarity in Stephen Frears’s Dirty Pretty Things

曾尹璽, Tseng,Yin Hsi Unknown Date (has links)
本篇論文企圖探討史蒂芬‧佛瑞爾斯 ( Stephen Frears ) 的電影《美麗壞東西》( Dirty Pretty Things ) 中的公民權與人權之議題。片中描述從奈及利亞非法入境的奧奎 (Okwe) 與來自土耳其申請政治庇護的桑娜 (Senay) 因其游移的身分,遭逢英國政府監控與資本主義社會剝削,並揭露倫敦城市中非法難民販賣器官以求生存的黑暗面。本篇論文著重分析政治庇護者的矛盾身分如何擾亂民族國家的監視、暴露僅以公民權利保障境內人民的缺失,並主張唯有透過跨種族、階級,與性別的聯合 ( solidarity ) 才能對抗國家機制裡的矛盾與全球資本主義的剝削。論文第二章以德希達 ( Jacques Derrida ) 的制約款待 ( conditional hospitality ),與傅柯 ( Michel Foucault ) 的監視 ( Panopticon ) 概念,探討片中監控 ( surveillance ) 機制的形成。第三章引進布斯克與夏弗 (Alison Brysk and Gershon Shafir ) 提出公民權 (citizenship) 與人權 ( human rights ) 的差距,來揭發片中政治庇護者與外籍勞工在地主國 ( host countries ) 因為缺乏公民權而導致人權被忽視的困境。第四章從傅柯 ( Michel Foucault ) 的反抗 ( resistance ) 與拉克勞 ( Ernesto Laclau ) 與穆芙 ( Chantal Mouffe ) 的激進多元民主 ( radical plural democracy ) 的概念,探討以跨種族、階級,與性別的聯合 ( solidarity ) 來對抗國家制度本身的裂縫與經濟全球化的無情剝削。最後總結在全球化時代,唯有檢視國家制度的缺失,並揚棄封閉排他的意識形態,才能體現種族與文化的差異與多元性,並促進跨界聯合之實現。 / This thesis aims to explore the issue of citizenship and human rights in Stephen Frears’s Dirty Pretty Things. Dirty Pretty Things describes the British government’s surveillance on asylum seekers, such as Okwe, an illegal refugee from Nigeria, and Senay, the Turkish asylum applicant, and unveils illegal refugees’ organ trade in exchange for passports in London. The thesis attempts to decipher how the ambivalent status of asylum seekers disturbs the surveillance of nation-states, exposes the defect of the citizenship gap and argues only through solidarity among different ethnicity, class and gender, could the subordinated fight against deficiencies in the mechanism of nation-states and exploitation of global capitalism. Through the perspectives of Derrida’s conditional hospitality and Foucault’s Panopticon, Chapter Two examines the surveillance of nation-states on asylum seekers in Dirty Pretty Things. In Chapter Three, I adopt Brysk and Shafir’s analysis to explore the citizenship gap between citizenship and human rights in the film, which reflects the difficulty in handling the cases of legal and illegal asylum seekers in nation-states on the basis of citizenship in the era of globalization. In Chapter Four, I will utilize the perceptive of Foucault’s resistance and Laclau and Mouffe’s radical plural democracy to suggest how counter strategies and solidarity could rebel against fissures in nation-states’ apparatuses and reveal a new possibility of alliance beyond borders in the era of globalization. The last chapter concludes by summing up the gaps in the system of nation-states and rejecting any enclosed ideology so as to articulate multiplicities and differences beyond limitations of ethnicity, class and gender across borders in the era of globalization.

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