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本研究試圖從實際的例子觀察基督宗教的神聖感在組織中如何形成。以靈恩運動當中的神聖感現象為例，首先了解整體靈恩運動的發源以及區域的發展，再縮小到台灣的靈恩運動；本研究選擇由長老教會牧師組成的台灣教會更新協會，及其訓練單位頌泉內在醫治學校作為田野觀察對象。 一開始先由兩個層面了解內在醫治，首先是內在醫治的抽象概念以及發生的原則，它強調基本的認知符合基督教聖經教義，並相信靈界的存在，以及在靈界中有聖靈與邪靈的正邪力量存在。其次是內在醫治的身體實踐，它將人分成靈魂體三個部分因為靈會影響人的身心，因此身體的疾病和心理的困擾都和靈相關，其中聖靈帶來正面的影響，邪靈則帶來負面影響；所以內在醫治便以一些得到恩賜能力的信徒，本文稱為服事者，在儀式語言中驅逐邪靈或以及與其他靈之間不合宜的連結。 本研究一方面以韋伯的宗教社會學分析靈恩卡里斯瑪力量在宗教組織產生的身分分化，以及靈恩運動組織受到全球化以及本地化的影響；另一方面以現象學分析內在醫治的實際做法，藉由實際田野的觀察，將信徒在內在醫治當中的感知分成身體的感知以及意象的感知，並且引用Csordas對他者意識形成的分析，以及梅絡龐蒂對習慣形成的分析，解釋內在醫治當中信徒神聖感的形成，自我的神聖感與醫治的關係。 / This study tries to observe how the understanding of sacredness is formed in Charismatic Christian organizations. Therefore, this study starts the investigation from the development of Charismatic movement in North America and how it spread to Taiwan. To involve more and provide reliable observation, a charismatic organization Taiwan Church Renewal Ministry and its training partner organization Singing Waters Ministries thus are chosen as study cases. These two organizations stress on a specific Charismatic activity called inner healings. The investigation of inner healing can be divided to two dimensions, the understanding of the concepts and principles of inner healing which always stress its teaching that have matched Christian faith, and the body practice of inner healing. Human beings are divided into three parts—body, soul, and spirits in inner healing teachings. For that the spirits will affect bodies and souls of human beings, there could be both positive and negative influences. Holy spirits bring positive effects such as the feeling of heats and peace, while evil spirits bring negative effects such as illnesses and disturbance on emotions. There will be some gifted disciples designated “servers” are able to help the participants to chase away evil spirits or cut the inappropriate connection among human souls, “soul-ties.” Inner healing phenomenon could be analyzed through sociology of religion of Max Weber by charismatic domination and its influences on religious organizations. Besides, it could be set in a globalization context as well. On the other hand, it could be analyzed by phenomenological approaches. Through the approaches such as the sacred self and alterity theory of Csordas Thomas and the habitus theory of Merleau Ponty can not only explain how the understanding of sacredness is developed among the participants in inner healing activities but elaborate the relation between self secredness and healings.

地方召會(在中國和臺灣地區的名稱沿革：小群→基督徒聚會處→聚會所→地方召會，本文簡稱「地方召會」)，其創始人—倪柝聲、李常受等，今有無數基督徒受其思想的影響；根據《聖經》所建立的地方召會已散佈在全球六大洲，涵蓋著不同的國家、種族、語言和文化。 地方召會在中國初創時期，已建立移民擴展的規模，即往在地化和國際化的政策發展；後因政局改變，地方召會發展至香港、臺灣和東南亞地區，在臺灣發展的初期階段，帶進百倍的人數增長，迄今成為臺灣第二大基督徒團體，而臺灣的地方召會，接續先前在大陸區域開展的模型，作為全球發展的基地之一，擴展到全球各大洲，目前全球信眾約廿餘萬人，在全世界積極擴展信仰的版圖。 本文從核心信仰出發，以宗教非營利組織的觀點，逐一探討地方召會的信仰和宗教實踐，首先說明地方召會的信仰與在中國大陸時期的擴展；其次介紹宗教非營利組織和地方召會在臺灣時期的擴展；第三為論述地方召會的國際化拓展模式，並以東南亞各國為深度探討，在李氏離世後，地方召會在無指定的接班人狀況下，其擴展方針絲毫不受影響且發展更鉅，被公認為對基督教界具有影響力的團體。 / The local church (the revolution of this name in China and Taiwan: a small group→the assembly of Christian→the meeting hall→the local church, this paper refers to "the local church"), its founders—Watchman Nee and Witness Lee(this paper refers to "Nee" and “Lee”), there are countless Christians are affected by their thought; The local church established according to the Bible has spread across the six continents, covering the different nations, races, languages and cultures. The local church during the starting period in China, has established the scope of immigrant expansion, that was policy development of localization and globalization; due to the political changes, the local church developed to Hong Kong, Taiwan and the South East Asia. In the early stages of development in Taiwan, brought into a hundredfold increase in numbers so far has become the second largest Christian community in Taiwan. And the local church in Taiwan following the development model carried out in mainland China area previously, being one base of global development and expands to all continents. For the time being, there are about two hundred thousand believers on the earth and expands the territory of faith in the world actively. This paper begins from the core of faith, studying the faith and the practices of religion in the local church from the view of religious non-profitable organization. The first, describing the faith of the local church and the expansion during the age in t mainland China; Secondly introducing the religious non-profit organization and the expansion of the local church during the age in Taiwan; the third, discussing the international expansion mode of local church and taking the countries in Southeast of Asia to have deep discussion. Especially from 1997 so far, the local church in the absence of the designated successor after Lee's passing away, the expanding strategy develops more largely without compromising and being recognized as an influential community to the Christianity.

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科学研究費補助金 研究種目:基盤研究(C)(2) 課題番号:11610015 研究代表者:神塚 淑子 研究期間:1999-2000年度

從杜斯妥也夫斯基小說《卡拉馬助夫兄弟》 看其宗教思想表現形式的特點 指導教授：瓦列格夫博士 研究生：林冠廷 論文提要 「上帝是否存在？」這個問題，一直都是困擾且折磨杜斯妥也夫斯基的問題，作家窮盡一生都在探討它。在小說《卡拉馬助夫兄弟》中，杜斯妥也夫斯基再一次更深入的探討這個問題，並藉由小說中的人物展開了豐富的思想辯論。卡拉馬助夫的家庭史，實際上就是俄國社會的一個縮影，小說主角人物對待信仰的態度及看法，可以被視為俄國社會上各種不同類型之人的代表。透過小說各種角色面對信仰問題時所表現的態度與處理方式，杜斯妥也夫斯基利用對話理論使他們各自闡述各自的思想並透過辯論來探討「創造者與被造者」——「神與人」的關係。在本論文當中，我們藉著探討小說人物們對信仰的態度與上下文來分析杜斯妥也夫斯基在宗教思想表達形式上的特點，並嘗試理解他的中心思想。本論文將小說人物分成三個群組來探討：一、卡拉馬助夫的家庭成員；二、東正教神職人員；三、天真信仰的代表者，如：虔信的婦人們、小信的女士與駑鈍的老僕人等的信仰觀。藉著討論以上三個群組人物的語言特性，行為舉止和其思想上的變化，再加上小說部分片段採用了鑲嵌式短篇小說的手法，作家營造了一個多聲部的作品，不僅使小說本身的思想更加豐富，也增加了他的被討論與可看性。因此，本論文將藉由探討小說《卡拉馬助夫兄弟》中各種人物角色的信仰觀來理解杜斯妥也夫斯基深邃複雜又充滿矛盾的宗教思想。 關鍵字：宗教思想， 對話理論， 文本語意結構，上下文，語言特性，鑲嵌式短篇小說，鄉土主義

十六世紀西班牙神秘主義學家德蘭阿烏馬達‧賽伯達（Teresa de Ahumada y Cepeda）於1622年被封為聖女大德蘭（St. Teresa of Ávila）或稱耶穌的聖大德蘭（Saint Teresa of Jesus）。一生以事奉天主為畢生奮鬥目標，她從靜觀祈禱裡領晤天主的恩寵，是一位神秘體驗的神秘主義者。大德蘭用33年的時間專注於內心默想祈禱和與天主在靈性上的結合，進而改革加爾默羅會，開創了一個嶄新的、更默觀的生活方式，而遍佈天主教世界。《七寶樓台》是大德蘭在天主的臨在經驗下完成的著作，其著作沒有深奧抽象的思辨理論，而主要是對神祕體驗現象的直觀性與隱喻性描述。基於這種神祕體驗與靈性生活的倡導，大德蘭也因此常被視為基督宗教神秘主義者的代表人物之一。 本論文主要透過對於大德蘭的基督宗教神祕主義思想背景，以及《七寶樓台》解讀的理論基礎，基督宗教的靈修理論以及宗教詮釋的相關理論。對靈魂提升的過程和神學的語言進行深入的省思，探討德蘭思想的底層。這個討論工作，所運用的方法主要是根據呂格爾等詮釋學家對文本世界的詮釋理論，以發掘文本的深層涵義。本論文的主要目的，企圖導引出宗教神學世界長期以來的信仰、語言和理性的討論，並藉由當代幾位具有代表性的神學與宗教學家的學說，闡明大德蘭的思想風貌，以及神秘體驗的精神本質。並且將大德蘭開創的思想潮流與宗教現象，帶進我們現代文化視野的詮釋空間之中，呈顯此一經典文本《七寶樓台》的重要價值與跨時代性。 關鍵詞：大德蘭、七寶樓台、神祕主義、神祕體驗、靈修、宗教現象、詮釋學、呂格爾 / Sixteen century Spanish mystic- Teresa de Ahumada y Cepeda was canonized St. Teresa of Jesus by Gregory XV in 1622. She prayed for God in all her life and received His grace by contemplative prayer. She is also a practical mysticism. St. Teresa spent 33 years to pray for God, and concentrated on meditation piety to be with Him in spirit. By reforming Carmelo, the new meditative way of profound lives which created by her, gradually spread around the entire Catholic world. She wrote, Interior Castle, when God came to her in pray. The book is full of metaphor in book without any abstractive theories. Teresa became one of the representatives in Spanish mysticism due to her concentration on inner life and mystical experience. I will investigate the Christian Mysticism background of Teresa, the interpretation of Interior Castle, meditation piety of Christian, and related theories of religion hermeneutics such as Paul Ricoeur’s. By reflecting on the explanation of soul ascent and theological language, the thought of Teresa would be exposed. My purpose here is to introduce some significant arguments about faith, language and reason of Christianity by several theorists. I should focus on essentials of Teresa’s thought and mystical experience, the trend of spiritual movement and religion phenomenon initiated by Teresa. From a modern cultural perspective, the value and meaning of Interior Castle, should be reveal by this work. Key words: St. Teresa, Interior Castle, mysticism, mystical experience, meditation

宗教倫理即是以宗教信仰為核心而建構的倫理道德體系。一貫道信仰中，道親往生後，家屬處於不穩定狀態，宗教倫理能提供死者一個終極關懷，即是回歸理天的彼岸世界。對家屬而言，一貫道道場倫理給予物質與精神面的支助，強化此岸世界的倫理關係，人與人與間更緊密的連結起來。 本論文從一貫道內部經典與外界研究的文獻整理，來分析有關宗教儀禮的教義與實踐，另外，從各組線的訪問與田野調查比較其奠禮的發展過程與理念基礎。此研究首先探討一貫道教義的基本觀念，再對應理天倫理與道場倫理的互動關係，然後對奠禮儀式的人事安排、流程與意涵加以剖析，最後與民間奠禮做一比較，可觀察一貫道禮儀在禮俗上，經過吸收與轉化後對社會的貢獻程度。總結，一貫道奠禮可以說明宗教倫理對失序的家庭倫理有支持、整合的功效。 / Religious ethic is constituted as a frame of moral philosophy that centered by religious beliefs. In the beliefs of I-Kuan Tao, Tao members’ death lead their families fall into a instable status; therefore, religious ethic is seeking to a situation of providing flatliner a ultimate concern, which means after death, the spirit will go back to “Li Tian” - Heaven. For those Tao members who face their families’ death, Tao ethic could offer the support not only on substance but also spirit side, so it improves the ethical relationship in the shore world, and link up all people more closer. This thesis was done via researching from inside scripture of I-Kuan Tao and outside studies from relative scholars to analyze about creed and practice of religious ritual. In addition, the thesis was also completed by doing interview and fieldwork of other branch of I-Kuan Tao on the development of the laying ceremony. The thesis started with the basic concept of I-Kuan Tao’s dogma, and then correspond the interactive relation between Heaven ethic and temple ethic. Subsequently analyze the ritual of laying ceremony of personnel arrangement and procedure and significance. Finally the thesis show the comparison of I-Kuan Tao laying ceremony and folk type to show I-Kuan Tao’s way has contributed to the society. In conclusion, I-Kuan Tao’s laying ceremony can interpret that religious ethic the function of supporting and integration for the domestic disorder.