行動裝置在現在這個世代相當普遍，而我們需要一個方法來探索App在背後的行為。 本研究提出了一個非監督式的分群方式，目的是在於探討我們是否能使用App中的原始碼當作以行為分群的依據。 在此研究中，我們應用了迭代分群的方式對Apps做分析，並且觀察分群的結果是否恰當。 而在實驗中，我們由App Store下載了數百個App並加以分析，我們發現我們所提出的方式表現相當良好並且能給出正確的分群結果。 / Smart devices are everywhere nowadays. Mobile application (app) development has become one of the main streams in software industry with more than millions of apps that have been developed and published to billions of users. It is essential to have a systematic way to analyze apps, preferably on their executable that are the only public available sources of apps in most cases. In this work, we propose to apply unsupervised clustering to mobile applications on their system call distributions. This is done by first adopting a static binary analysis that reverses engineering on executable of apps to find method call/sequence counts that are embedded in apps. Apps are then clustered iteratively based on this information to reveal implicit relationships among apps based on function call similarity. The GHSOM (Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map), an unsupervised learning tool, is integrated to cluster apps based on the information resolved from their executable directly. We use types of methods and sequences as features. To run the clustering algorithm on apps, however, we immediately confront a problem that we have a large amount of attributes and data that leads to a long/infeasible analysis time with GHSOMs. The new iterative approach is proposed to conquer this problem along with dimension reduction with principle component analysis, cutting attributes with limited information loss. In the preliminary result on analyzing hundreds of apps that are directly downloaded from Apple app store, we can find that the proposed clustering works well and reveals some interesting information. Apps that are developed by the same company are clustered in the same group. Apps that have similar behaviors, e.g., having the same functions on games, painting, socializing, are clustered together.

The present paper is based on a real life case, although some details have been hidden or modified to ensure proper confidentiality. The motivation behind this thesis is to exemplify financial management best practices and how these best practices are actually implemented and used in the real world. First a qualitative overview is given to put the company into context, then a thorough financial analysis is undertaken to discover the underlying financial problems the company is facing. Based on the analysis, recommendations are made to address the specific problems. Some of the main topics addressed are working capital management, capital budgeting best practices, capital raising and hedging (foreign exchange and interest rates). Keywords: Working capital, Capital budgeting, Foreign exchange hedging, Interest rate hedging.

WHO的一項全球性調查顯示，全世界真正健康的人佔5%，經診斷有疾病的人佔20%，處於亞健康的人佔75%，伴隨著慢性病所造成的死亡率也跟著增加，生活的品質已成為大眾們所關注的焦點，因此國人已有如何自主管理健康取代經常性的藥物治療，以增進健康的生活品質之意識。隨著國人對於自我健康管理的認知，如何滿足有效的管理健康需求的增加，已是大家探討的熱門議題。針對此一議題，本研究以健康促進處方為核心，整合個人化的生理健康數據如血壓、血糖、膽固醇、生活習慣、工作型態等進行健康風險評估，進而推薦適合的個人化健康促進處方，搭配運動器材、行動應用程式(Mobile Application)、雲端運算平台、體適能中心之運動生理監控，未來可適用於企業自行發展出的一套「雲端個人化健康管理平台」，有效支持個人運動安全並培養定期的運動習慣，達到健康促進的目標。

檔案是政府知識及人類文化紀錄的寶庫，不論對國家社會，乃至個人都有極為重要之意義。檔案應用服務扮演著重要的角色，必須提供便捷的檢索工具與服務，讓使用者容易查詢，進而得以調閱應用檔案，方能充分發揮檔案存在之價值與功能。 參考服務是讀者服務中最重要的一環，是檔案館對外服務工作的門面，對檔案館的聲譽有舉足輕重的影響力。參考服務品質的良窳會影響到檔案典藏單位的形象，使用者對參考服務的滿意度，往往等於是對整個檔案館的滿意度。檔案參考服務的方式，隨著科技與網路的興盛，以及重視個人服務的潮流，除了繼續提供傳統的參考服務方式外，數位方式的線上參考服務主要目的在於能藉助網際網路與通訊的技術達到不限空間、不限時間的理想，提供使用者在遠端進行查詢與檢索。 本研究使用「文獻分析法」、「深度訪談法」及網站內容分析進行檔案參考服務的實施歷程與現況、館員應有之態度與因應、規劃建立之個人資訊化服務及檔案使用者期盼之線上參考服務之趨勢等，以質性研究之方式深入探討並作歸納比較。 本研究以國內四所檔案典藏單位－檔案管理局、國史館、國史館臺灣文獻館、中央研究院近代史研究所檔案館為研究個案，訪談對象為各檔案應用單位之主管或實際負責參考服務之館員及具有多年使用檔案經驗之使用者，分別就檔案參考服務及線上參考服務之現況、觀感及願景等題出建議與看法，以期提供檔案典藏單位參酌實施。 歸納研究結果重點如下： 一、檔案參考服務工作亟待強化，參考服務內容應多元而豐富。 二、參考服務政策與實施程序亟待制定，建立標準化作業規範，俾參考館員與使用者有所依循。 三、逐漸走向線上參考服務的趨勢，強調資料的即時取得性與正確性，並掌握使用者之資訊需求和資訊使用行為。 四、加強訓練館員評估需求和利用網路資訊的能力，注重館員的服務態度與參考問題回答能力等基本素養和核心能力。 五、提升服務品質，落實為讀者服務理念，加強推廣服務的廣度與深度。 六、檔案數位化對參考服務的衝擊。 根據研究結果，本研究提出八項建議如下： 一、整合全國檔案資源與館際合作，應利用數位資源與資訊技術，來統籌全國檔案資源的管理與運用。 二、從使用者觀點建構服務觀，參考服務人員必須理解每位使用者特殊需求的訊息。 三、制定檔案參考服務的作業程序與相關規定，因應檔案館的規模、組織、館藏資料、設館目的與服務對象不同而異。 四、培訓檔案參考服務人員，隨著外在環境的變遷、網路科技的進步，館方要規劃完整的在職教育和參考人員的再學習機制。 五、重視參考服務並規劃多元而豐富的服務事項，儘可能地滿足研究者的研究需求，以建立知識為導向的檔案應用環境。 六、建立遠距即時數位參考諮詢服務，協助讀者搜尋資訊。 七、提供使用者意見回饋管道，儘可能滿足使用者的研究需求。 八、加強推廣與行銷，培養對檔案的認識與素養，促進各界廣泛應用檔案。 關鍵字：檔案參考服務、線上參考服務、檔案應用、數位檔案應用 / Archive is a treasury of government knowledge and humankind culture record. It has a significant meaning for every level from individual to entire nation and society. Archive application plays an essential role, and it is required to provide the convenient tool for searching, therefore enables users to search easily, so that the archive’s value of existing and function can be manifested. Reference service is the most important part in reader service. It represents the image of external service, and has a significant influence on Archives’ reputation as well. The quality of reference service influences the image of Archival Repositories. The reference service satisfaction of a user is oftentimes equivalent to his satisfaction toward the entire Archives. Accompanied with the prosperity of the network technology and the emphasis of personalized service trend, archive reference service not only continues to provide traditional reference service but also has formed up in digital online reference service, with the ideal purpose of reaching without time and space limitations, providing users to inquire and access in a far distance. The research adopts “Documentary analysis”, “In-depth interview”, and Website content analysis methods to analyze the practice of the reference service in the past and present, the attitude and respond of archive personnel to the reference service, the scheme of establishing personalized information service, and the trend of archive users looking forward to the online reference service. The research is based on the qualitative methodology. The four cases studied in this research paper are National Archives Administration, Academia Historica, Taiwan Historica and the Archives of Institute of Modern History of Academia Sinica Interviewees are the super visors, archivists who are in charge of reference service and users who use archival materials frequently. They expressed suggestions on textual reference service and online reference service, their viewpoints,and their visions in the hope of sharing with the archival institutions. The research has six findings concluded as follow： 1. Archive reference service needs to be improved urgently, and its content should aim to be multi-dimensional and abundant. 2. Reference services policy, practical procedure, and standardized practice protocol need to be formed up urgently for the staff and users to follow. 3. It has a gradual tendency toward the online reference service, emphasizing on its imminence and accuracy, and having a good sense of user’s informational need and behavior. 4. To enhance the staff training on their abilities of need assessment and network information exploitation, and to focus on their fundamental accomplishment and core ability, such as service attitude and answering ability to reference questions. 5. To upgrade the service quality, putting the ideal of serving readers into practice, and to intensify the wideness and depth of the service. 6.Impact of archive digitalization to reference service. According to the research result, six suggestions can be made as follow: 1. The digital resources and information technology should be exploited for the archives integration of the whole nation and the cooperation between Archives. 2. To establish the service concept from the viewpoints of user. More specifically, reference service personnel needs to understand the personal need of every user. 3. To customize archive reference service working process and the relevant regulations, based on Archives scale, organization, Archival data, Archives establishing purpose, and service object accordingly. 4. Due to the external changing environment and network technology improvement, Archives party should plan the complete on-the-job education and learning system for archive reference service staff. 5. To pay attention to reference service and plan multi-dimensional and abundant service items, satisfying researcher’s need by all means, in order to establish knowledge-oriented archival service environment. 6. Sitting up distant and update digital reference service to assist users in searching information. 7. Providing a channel for users to comment to meet users' research need. 8. To enhance its promotion and marketing, and develop the knowledge and accomplishment of archive, in order to encourage all parties to exploit archives widely. Keywords：Archives reference services, Online reference services, Archive Application, Digital Archive Application.

在現在的社會裡，手機應用程式已經被人們接受與廣泛地利用，然而目前市面上的手機 App 推薦系統，多以使用者實際使用與回報作為參考，若有惡意行為軟體，在使用者介面後竊取使用者資料，這些推薦系統是難以查知其行為的，因此我們提出了 AppReco，一套可以系統化的推薦 iOS App 的推薦系統，而且不需要使用者去實際操作、執行 App。 整個分析流程包括三個步驟：(1) 透過無監督式學習法的隱含狄利克雷分布(Latent Dirichlet Allocation, LDA)做出主題模型，再使用增長層級式自我組織映射圖(Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map, GHSOM)進行分群。(2)使用靜態分析程式碼，去找出其應用程式所執行的行為。(3)透過我們的評分公式對於這些 App，進行評分。 在分群 App 方面，AppReco 使用這些應用程式的官方敘述來進行分群，讓擁有類似屬性的手機應用程式群聚在一起；在檢視 App 方面，AppReco 透過靜態分析這些 App 的程式碼，來計算其使用行為的多寡；在推薦 App 方面，AppReco 分析類似屬性的 App 與其執行的行為，最後推薦使用者使用較少敏感行為(如使用廣告、使用個人資料、使用社群軟體開發包等)的 App。 而本研究使用在 Apple App Store 上面數千個在各個類別中的前兩百名 App 做為我們的實驗資料集來進行實驗。 / Mobile applications have been widely used in life and become dominant software applications nowadays. However there are lack of systematic recommendation systems that can be leveraged in advance without users’ evaluations. We present AppReco, a systematic recommendation system of iOS mobile applications that can evaluate mobile applications without executions. AppReco evaluates apps that have similar interests with static binary analysis, revealing their behaviors according to the embedded functions in the executable. The analysis consists of three stages: (1) unsupervised learning on app descriptions with Latent Dirichlet Allocation for topic discovery and Growing Hierarchical Self-organizing Maps for hierarchical clustering, (2) static binary analysis on executables to discover embedded system calls and (3) ranking common-topic applications from their matched behavior patterns. To find apps that have similar interests, AppReco discovers (unsupervised) topics in official descriptions and clusters apps that have common topics as similar-interest apps. To evaluate apps, AppReco adopts static binary analysis on their executables to count invoked system calls and reveal embedded functions. To recommend apps, AppReco analyzes similar-interest apps with their behaviors of executables, and recommend apps that have less sensitive behaviors such as commercial advertisements, privacy information access, and internet connections, to users. We report our analysis against thousands of iOS apps in the Apple app store including most of the listed top 200 applications in each category.

六萬餘言, 主要內容簡介如后: 第一章緒論。首先說明引發本研究之動機及欲達成之目的。其次界定研究之範圍, 並 闡述研究方法及限制, 最後就本文架構作概略之介紹。 第二章投入產出分析與管理決策。闡明投入產出分析在管理決策上所扮演之角色, 且 指出其管理功能。 第三章投入產出分析之基本概念。介紹投入產出分析之意義與沿革、投入產出模式、 投入產出表、並檢討投入產出分析之應用範圍及限制。 第四、五章係投入產出分析之應用部分、為本文要點所在。前者為投入產出分析在規 劃上之應用。討論主題包括評估擴充方案、整合總體經濟計劃與企業財務規劃模式、 財務預測模式、多產品之主生產規劃模式。後者乃探討投入產出分析在控制上之應用 , 研討範圍包括績效評估、設立標準成本、差異分析、及成本分配模式。 第六章結論。彙述本文研究內容, 並提出若干建議或研究之方向。

第一章「緒論」, 緒述研究動機、目的, 研究範圍、限制等。第二章「回饋控制概念 簡介」, 闡述回饋控制之意義, 介紹回饋控制之種類、功用, 以及建立有效回饋控制 系統之條件。第三章「會計資訊與回饋控制」, 說明會計人員在回饋控制系統中所扮 演的角色, 會計資訊之意義與回饋控制所需之會計資訊標準。第四章「會計回饋資訊 在績效評估上之運用」, 介紹回饋報告之編製, 如何利用回饋報告評估及提高工作績 效, 及運用上之限制。第五章「會計回饋資訊在更正決策上之運用」, 分析差異應否 調查、更正決策如何做成, 以及例外管理原則之運用等。第六章「結論與建義」, 提 出建議與彙總說明。

微分對局為聯合一般對局與現代最適控制理論之數學技巧，本論文將此一技巧在經 濟理論之應用做一分析，由此種多封局者動態最適模型之探討，吾人能對傳統經濟 理論有一嶄新的看法。 第一章 緒論 第二章 微分寡占對局 第三章 微分貿易對局 第四章 聯合協議模型 第五章 不定情況下經濟穩定政策之探討 第六章 結論 數學附錄 附錄一 微分寡占對局 附錄二 微分偶占對局 附錄三 微分貿易對局 附錄四 聯合協議模型 #2810349 #2810349

近年眾多的台商企業至中國大陸進行投資活動，利用兩岸互補優勢，降低成本耗費，進一步提高價值創造。而資訊科技（Information Technology, IT）持續進步，使企業在不同國境、區域營運時，仍可維持良好的資訊流傳遞，除能增進不同據點之間的溝通效率與互動效益，並能整合跨地區的價值活動，使作業流程更加省時、順暢。因此台商在兩岸間營運，若能善用IT的便利性與整合性，勢必能夠提升營運效率、減少不必要成本。為達成「台灣接單、大陸生產、全球運籌、世界品牌」目標，IT正扮演著一個關鍵的致能（enabling）角色。 在本研究中以個案研究方法探討五家台灣企業的跨兩岸分工模式，再提出適用的資訊科技架構作為分析框架，探討跨兩岸資訊科技應用情形，並分析外在環境異質性對跨兩岸資訊科技應用的影響。研究發現包括：台商企業在兩岸間營運多以一般水平分工模式為主，皆存在企業功能分工現象，使兩岸據點間產生大量溝通、協調與合作需求，需以IT進行輔助；IT相關決策多由台灣總公司IT部門主導，各據點電子化程度差異不大；應用系統或資料伺服器可分置兩岸或集中在台灣總公司；選擇委外廠商推動跨兩岸資訊科技應用時，多考慮與台商或外商合作，尚未有與中國大陸當地業者合作的情況；多選擇統一使用繁體中文，以減少資料格式或名詞定義不一致的問題；中國大陸據點多設有IT部門，但僅負責日常維護與問題回報工作，IT主管皆為台灣所派遣，其他則聘用當地人才；兩岸IT人員存有部份差異，需採取不同管理方式與風格因應；「網路通訊」、「安全機制」與「人員」為較關鍵的要素；兩岸政府政策與法令制度、社會文化與習慣差異，對跨兩岸資訊科技應用有較顯著的影響。本研究亦探討台商在跨兩岸資訊科技應用所遭遇的挑戰，並提出適當建議，其後則針對過往相關研究進行異同比較。 期望本研究產生之研究結果，可提供學術界與實務界對此議題有更深入的瞭解。對已進行跨兩岸分工營運、或即將採取此方式的台商企業，則盼能提供決策者些許建議與參考價值。

中文摘要 主計處每年必需編製中央政府總預算書至立法院審議，而目前總預算書的編製是由八百餘家單位預算及分預算機關使用主從式架構的預算編製系統執行編製作業，然後逐層由上級機關彙編而成。本研究欲探討的是若此一主從式架構的系統改採多層式架構時，在其眾多效能的問題之中，討論應用伺服器叢集上的派工法則在工作平均等待時間的表現情況。 使用預算編製作業系統的機關及使用者幾乎是固定而且範圍容易掌握。所以，本研究在此前提下，從部份使用者的作業習慣及資料庫中，估算出模擬模型所需之數據、機率分配及公式。在選擇派工法則的部份，則除了一般常用之「輪流法(Round-robin, RR)、最少連線數法(Least Connections, LC)及最小負載法(Least Load, LL)」之外，本研究另提出「估計負載法(Estimated Load, EL)」。即是因為在瞭解使用者端特性的前提下，事先計算影響負載的數據，便可以估算負載情況並運用在派工法則上。 本研究的結果顯示EL法在各項工作的服務時間估算誤差愈小時，其表現的結果愈好，其各項工作的平均等待時間相當接近做為測試基準的最小負載法。 / Abstract The Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS) of the Executive Yuan (EY) is responsible to compile the General Budget for Central Government and submit to Legislative Yuan every year. The sources of General Budget are processed by 832 government agencies and subordinate agencies by using the same software that is based on client/server architecture. This paper discusses about performance of dispatching rules on cluster-based application servers when this software architecture transferring to n-tiered architecture. We carry out the comparative studies using four dispatching rules, namely, Round-robin (RR), Least Connections (LC), Estimated Load (EL), and Least Load (LL). The LL rule is used as the baseline in our analysis and the performance metric is average waiting time. Unlike general web-based software, we know clients who use this software. So we can estimate job arrival rate, job size, and even service time. In view of this, we proposed the EL rule in this paper. Our analyses indicate that the EL rule performs very well. As long as accuracy in estimating service time getting better, the EL rule is a good choice.