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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

小型開放體系下收支調整政策與最適外匯準備的研究

曾明煙, Zeng, Ming-Yan Unknown Date (has links)
本論文共一冊,三萬餘言,共分六章,各章內容為: 第一章:緒論。說明外匯準備在一小型開放體系的重要性,並簡略說明最適外匯準備 存在之可能性以及本文之研究方法及預期結果。 第二章:最適外匯準備理論之評介。敘述最適外匯準備之分析方法,並評述一些代表 性的理論分析。 第三章:調整政策與最適外匯準備。建立一個基本模型,依此討論靜態經濟下,各種 不同政策對體系的影響,並依此計算調整作本及理論上的最適外匯準備。 第四章:我國最適外匯準備水準之試算。以本文提出的測度法,傳統的比例法以及 Heller. Flander的測度法,分別計算我國理論上的最適外匯準備水準,並與實際外 匯準備水準做一比較。 第五章:最適調整政策與最適外匯成長。依本文的模型,考慮動態經濟下,最適外匯 準備的存在條件,並依此討論最適政策配合及最適外匯成長。 第六章:結論。綜合本文分析,提出一些政策上的建議。並說明本文分析的缺點及進 一步的研究方向。
72

控制風險值下的最適投資組合

洪幸資 Unknown Date (has links)
採用風險值取代標準差來衡量投資組合的下方風險,除了更符合投資人的對風險的態度,也更貼近目前金融機構多以風險值作為內部控管工具的情形。但除了風險的事後衡量,本篇論文希望能夠事前積極地控制投資組合風險值,求得最適投資組合的各資產配置權重。故本篇論文研究方法採用了Rockafellar and Uryasev.(2000)的極小條件風險值最適投資組合模型先建立Mean-CVaR效率前緣,並將此效率前緣上的投資組合風險以風險值衡量,再應用電腦上的探索方法進一步求得風險值更低的投資組合,逼近求得Mean-VaR效率前緣,最後利用Mean-VaR效率前緣採用Campbell,Huisman與Koedijk(2001)模型求得控制風險值下的最適投資組合。 在實證分析上,本篇論文採用國內三檔股票為標的,首先在實證標的資產報酬檢定為非常態分配下,使用歷史模擬法,以資產實際非常態報酬分配估計VaR,驗證了使用本篇論文研究方法極小CVaR投資組合與探索方法,可以適當逼近真實的Mean-VaR效率前緣。再者研究比較不同信賴水準、不同資產報酬分配假設與不同權重產生方式下的Mean-VaR效率前緣與Mean- 效率前緣效果差異,最後求得控制風險值下的最適投資組合。 / In contrast to the role of variance in the traditional Mean-Variance framework, in this thesis we introduce Value-at-Risk (VaR) as a shortfall-constraint into the portfolio selection decision. Doing so is much more in fitting with individual perception to risk and in line with the constraints which financial institutes currently face. However, mathematically VaR has some serious limitations making the portfolio selection problem difficult to attain optimal solution. In order to apply VaR to ex ante portfolio decision, we use the closely related tractable risk measure Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) in this thesis as a proxy to find efficient portfolios. We utilize linear programming formulation developed by Rockafellar and Uryasev(2000) to construct a Mean-CVaR efficient frontier. Following which the VaR of resulting portfolios in the Mean-CVaR efficient frontier is reduced further by a simple heuristic procedure. After constructing an empirical Mean-VaR efficient frontier that can be proven an useful approximation to the true Mean-VaR efficient frontier, the Campbell, Huisman and Koedijk(2001) model is used to find the optimal portfolio. Three Taiwan listing stocks are used to build the Mean-VaR efficient frontier in the empirical study. And the Mean-VaR efficient frontier of different confident levels, under different asset return assumptions, and different optimal portfolio selection models are compared and results analyzed.
73

不對稱資訊下最適所得稅與租稅逃漏及查核策略之研究

吳佩凌 Unknown Date (has links)
過去有關最適所得稅理論、所得稅逃漏問題、以及政府最適稽查策略的研究文獻,主要多建立在政府與納稅人間存在著資訊不對稱的假設下。本文將此處所謂資訊不對稱,區分為兩種類別的問題:第一種類別是指政府對納稅人獲取所得的能力與勞動供給皆無法得知,但卻可以在無需花費任何成本的情況下,完全掌握到納稅人的所得水準。第二個類別則是指政府不僅無法掌握納稅人的能力與勞動供給,也必須透過查核方能掌握到納稅人的所得水準,而查核工作通常必須付出稽查成本。 本文主要的研究目的,在探討前述第二種類別的資訊不對稱問題 ,如何影響最適所得稅理論、政府稽查策略、以及納稅人逃漏行為等。至於研究架構則分為兩大部分,第一部份是將第二種類別的資訊不對稱問題納入最適所得稅的研究之中。我們主要的重點在於探討當稽查機率並非政府事前政策變數,且政府的稽查策略與納稅人的逃漏稅行為是互為影響時,最適所得稅理論的分析結論,究竟如何改變。第二部分則是探討實務上常見的兩階段查核方式,對政府稽查策略與納稅人申報行為的影響,並比較其與直接隨機查核策略的差異。在此所謂的兩階段查核,是指政府在第一階段先根據以往稽查經驗,分析具逃漏稅傾向者的所得來源或特徵,並藉此建立篩選標準,以對納稅人進行選案分析,俾篩選出具有較高傾向可能從事特定逃漏稅行為的納稅人。其次,再從第一階段篩選出的納稅人,以不同機率或查核方式來進行第二階段的隨機查核。
74

高齡社會所需退休準備之最適投資策略

林姵妤 Unknown Date (has links)
臺閔地區65歲以上的老年人口於民國82年底占總人口之7.1%,達到聯合國所界定之「高齡化」水準,至民國94年底老年人口大幅增加為占總人口之9.74%,人口老化的趨勢使得退休後的生活保障更顯重要;年長者生活保障的主要來源是退休金,而我國已於民國94年7月1日由確定給付制轉變為確定提撥制(DC制)。基於醫學的快速成長,以及生活環境水準亦顯著提昇,採用現有的生命表預測未來死亡率可能會有極大的誤差,故本文參考許鳴遠(2006)的Reduction Factor模型,預測台灣未來的高齡人口死亡率,進而推計未來的各年齡人口數,再將改善的死亡率應用在確定提撥制的退休基金,並參考MacDonald and Cairns (2007),假設退休基金投資在五種不同的投資標的,分別考慮20歲的個人與不同時間點20~55歲的各年齡人口,在不同限制函數下找尋確定提撥制退休基金的最適投資策略,並比較不同限制函數對依賴比造成的影響。
75

股價學習效果下之最適跨國投資策略

謝祐中 Unknown Date (has links)
Xia(2001)運用動態學習方法預測股價,利用Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman偏微分方程式(PDE)解最適投資組合策略。本文以Cox和Huang(1989)之平賭方法求出債券價格過程以及最適投資策略,並將問題延伸至跨國投資策略,增加兩項國外資產:外國股票以及外國貨幣帳戶,將匯率風險納入最適的投資組合中。 本文引用Xia(2001)的動態學習方法,以股利率(dividend yield)作為預測變數,假設股價成長率和預測變數-股利率-呈動態線性關係,進而依Lipster和Shiryayev(1978)貝氏過濾法預測股價之動態更新過程,並假設投資人財富效用為CRRA(Constant Relative Risk Aversion)效用函數,在給定風險趨避係數的情況下,極大化期末期望財富效用,以求得最適投資策略解,並進行數值分析。 本研究經數理推導以及數值分析發現以下具體的結果: 1. 最適投資策略與匯率風險以及學習效果有關:經數理推導發現匯率風險影響國外貨幣帳戶的投資比例,而股價的學習效果反映在市場風險市價上,進而影響股票投資比例。 2. CRRA效用下最適投資策略可分為市場投資組合及固定收益投資組合:給定風險溢酬以及風險趨避係數下,國內外股票投資比例呈現固定常數,而固定收益部分則跟投資期限有關,其投資比例是投資期限的函數。 3. CRRA效用下最適債券比例隨著風險趨避程度增加而降低:數值分析發現投資人在債券上投資的比例與風險偏好相關,越積極的投資人投資比例越高,且較保守的投資人越接近到期期限,債券持有比例上升速度較快。 4. 投資人的效用隨著已知股價波動度的增加而遞減:在1,000次的模擬後,發現在股價學習效果下,投資人的期末期望財富效用會受到股價波動度的影響,波動越大則影響學習效果,進而造成效用降低。 關鍵字:跨國投資、貝氏過濾法、平賭方法、最適投資策略、學習效果
76

再生能源發展政策工具之獎勵基礎 / A Study of Policy Base to Promote Renewable Energy Production

王馨珮, Wang, Hsin Pei Unknown Date (has links)
本文以最適控制理論證明,獎勵再生能源產出之政策,應以再生能源淨能源產出做為獎勵的基礎,而非現行以再生能源總能源產出做為獎勵基礎之模式。這裡的淨能源產出,指的是再生能源廠商生產出之再生能源,減去生產再生能源時所用的能源投入。本文首先將社會最適情況下的總能源產出分別與以淨能源產出和總能源產出為獎勵政策基礎之價格與數量政策下之總能源產出作比較,提出獎勵再生能源產出的政策,需以淨能源產出做為獎勵的基礎,而非現行以總能源產出作為基礎的政策,接著,在以淨能源產出為基礎的政策下,探討環境外部性與防治成本以及研究發展的議題。 / By the optimal control theory, this paper proves that policies on encouraging the production of renewable energy should be based on its net output or net energy instead of on its gross output or gross energy. Here net energy is defined as the surplus of renewable energy output minus energy input from its production. This paper first compares the optimal gross output of the renewable energy under the social optimal condition with the gross outputs under the price-based policy instrument and the quantity-based policy instrument based on net energy output and gross energy output, respectively, suggesting that policy instruments used to encourage the production of renewable energy should be based on its net output instead of on its gross output. Finally, it probes the cases of environmental externality and R&D based on the net output of renewable energy.
77

數位時代中多媒材的互動與搭配:以故宮主題式網站為例

黃齡儀 Unknown Date (has links)
數位時代的到來,浮現出一項重要的議題:多重形式的出現以及彼此如何搭配的問題。本研究問題為:網站中的不同媒材如何互動與搭配? 本研究以關鍵性抽樣策略對故宮主題式網站做深入的文本分析,並嘗試歸納其中多媒材互動與搭配的邏輯。研究結果發現:(1) 本個案透過「空間化的書寫」展現圖文的高度互動;(2) 圖像較常被用來表達文本功能上之變化,文字較被用來表現認知功能中敘事性以及概念性的意義潛能,透過圖文意義潛能交織,共享一完整之意義;(3) 當圖文共同表達認知功能時,圖像被用來呈現概念性的靜態細節描述,文字被用來呈現敘事性的事件過程。此個案中,圖像雖也可以表達敘事性,卻侷限於對話框的形式,仍需依賴文字內容的填補;(4) 當圖文共同表達人際功能時,圖像可透過各種細微的空間媒材變化而暗示人際功能的線索,然而,文字的呈現卻只能侷限於觀點與語氣的變化,仍需圖像功能的暗示補充,另外,當共同表達人際功能時,圖文卻產生了不一致的意義潛能,圖像暗示權力平等親切的人際意義,文字卻暗示了由上而下之權力關係;(5) 人際功能的不一致的狀況還發生在選項中,但也藉由和諧與搭配組合的對比,暗示了接下來可能之閱讀軌跡;(6) 故事中主要行動者與當下行動者的轉換主要是以空間媒材的變化而呈現,本個案中,故事中主要行動者的呈現被配置在版面左下方,而當下行動者則是以版面顯著性呈現,相對而言,文字較無法呈現故事中主要行動者與當下行動者的轉換。 另外,閱讀軌跡的分析中,可發現由時空媒材所組成之物件其搭配組合,空間媒材較被使用來呈現人際與文本功能之變化,時間媒材較被使用來呈現認知功能之變化,透過兩者相互變化的交織,共同構成了邀請使用者之意義。最後,也發現不同頁面間的不同媒材產生形式與內容之互文性,後頁的圖像可實現前頁文字的文本功能,以及對比句法配置的呼應。
78

穩健型最適避險比率估計-以台灣市場為例 / Robust estimation of the optimal hedge ratio

黃信凱, Huang, Hsin Kai Unknown Date (has links)
Because on the method of Harris and Shen (2003), we implement the robust estimator of optimal hedge ratio in Taiwan stock market. By using the Taiwan Stock Index and Taiwan Stock Index Futures, we used the robust estimation of optimal hedge ratio. We use two estimators, the rolling window model and the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), to estimate the robust optimal hedge ratio. We also compare the hedging effectiveness of the robust hedge ratios and the traditional least- squared hedge ratios. We find that the volatility of the hedged portfolio using robust optimal hedge ratio is substantially lower than that of the portfolio using the traditional hedge ratios. With the less excessive volatility, the transaction cost decrease substantially, and the cost of rebalancing portfolio is lower as well. / Because on the method of Harris and Shen (2003), we implement the robust estimator of optimal hedge ratio in Taiwan stock market. By using the Taiwan Stock Index and Taiwan Stock Index Futures, we used the robust estimation of optimal hedge ratio. We use two estimators, the rolling window model and the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), to estimate the robust optimal hedge ratio. We also compare the hedging effectiveness of the robust hedge ratios and the traditional least- squared hedge ratios. We find that the volatility of the hedged portfolio using robust optimal hedge ratio is substantially lower than that of the portfolio using the traditional hedge ratios. With the less excessive volatility, the transaction cost decrease substantially, and the cost of rebalancing portfolio is lower as well.
79

退休準備:最適配置與投資績效

朱紓葶 Unknown Date (has links)
本文延續Huang(2004, 2008)的研究,將單期與多期挹注資金的資產負債管理議題專化於DC確定提撥退休金制度上,其研究將問題化成二次函數,以一般化最小平方法(Generalized least square, GLS)求出具有唯一解特性的決策變數,利用的軟體求解速度相當快,能有效率地一次找出多項資產配置比例。 本研究引入三種投資模型及其薪資模型,分別是Wilkie(1995)模型、MacDonald and Cairns(2007)模型、Huang and Cairns(2006)及Li(2009),以蒙地卡羅模型模擬出各投資標的年報酬率與薪資水準,並利用這些預期的模擬值在負債目標控制為隨機成長或固定比例成長下,找出最適投資比例、每期挹注的額度與提撥比例。 最適配置為了解決下方風險(downside risk)問題,在允許限定風險容忍度下去最大化投資績效,本研究將目標函數加入衡量報酬項,依據員工希望的報酬,討論此項權重如何最適。亦加入交易成本項以反映實務情況,此投資總交易成本為權重的函數,於足夠支付交易成本的前提下找出權重最小值。 / In this study, the simulation of the return for each investment and wage pattern is via introduction of three investment model and their wage model, namely, Wilkie (1995) model, MacDonald and Cairns (2007) model, Huang and Cairns (2006) model and Li (2009), by using Monte Carlo simulation. The optimal contribution rate of investments, the amount of injection of each period, and income replacement ratio are determined when simulation is targeted in the balance control for the random growth or growth under a fixed rate of liabilities. The asset-liability management of single-period and multi-period injection of funds is specialized in the Defined contribution plan (DC), which is the extension of Huang’s (2004, 2008) study. Huang’s research transforming his argument into a quadratic function to generalized least squares method (GLS) having a unique solution to derive the decision-making variables. This method can efficiently find a set of allocation by software at a fairly rapid speed. The optimal allocation is to maximize investment performance subject to a limited risk had to tolerance for deal with downside risk. This study ameliorates the objective function by adding a constant term, which does not affect the investment decision-making variable. This new generalized least squares method use a constant represented as a weight, which is based on the desire asset of the employee. This study also takes transaction costs into consideration to reflect the practical situation. The total transaction costs are the function of the weight introduced into the new objective function. The minimum of weight can be reached when the goal is set to be sufficient to cover the transaction costs
80

不同評估績效期間之退休基金最適策略 / Optimal Strategy of Pension Fund Management Incorporating Distinct Projected Time Horizons

田嘉蓉, Tien, Chia-Jung Unknown Date (has links)
不同評估績效的長短顯著地影響基金的經營策略,相較於強調穩健經營的退休基金而言,此因素是否亦影響退休基金的運作,本研究嘗試應用隨機控制理論,將投資績效的時間因素納入決策考量,以隨機微分方程式描述退休基金資產和應計負債的動態隨機行為,以多期基金規劃的觀點,探討時間因素與最適策略之關連性。本研究應用Brennan、Schwartz與Lagnado(1997)的結果至負債導向的退休基金管理,建構多期資產負債管理模型,退休基金持有資產將分類為風險性的股票投資組合、長期債券和短期票券,並考量投資標的短期利率與長期利率之隨機性質,將基金提撥與資產配置視為可調節因子,給定風險評估測度,於不設定投資限制下計算各期最適投資比例及基金提撥;本研究並以私人退休金個案進行模擬分析,結果顯示此基金未來10年之最適提撥率介於4.2﹪與5.1﹪,就不同評估期限而言,5年評估期之提撥率於初期高於10年評估期,基金比率η=0.75之提撥率低於η=1;5年評估期之基金交易行為較10年期明顯劇烈,基金比率較低時,其交易變化程度較小,不同評估年限與基金比率將同時影響退休基金之最適提撥與投資策略。 / Distinct time horizons in measuring investment perfomance significantly influence the financial planning for the money managers. In this study, we explore this issue concerning the pension fund management that has focused on the asset and liability management to meet its future obligations. A stochastic control model is formulated in a continuous-time framework to obtain the closed form solution for optimal strategy. The time variation in expected returns introduced in Brennan, Schwartz and Lagnado(1997)is adopted in obtaining the optimal strategy using plausible future plan’s normal costs and accrued liabilities under distinct time horizons. Based on the proposed performance measurement, the optimal funding schedule and portfolio selections are determined dynamically without trading restrictions. A private pension scheme is selected and analyzed for numerical illustration. It shows that the optimal contribution rates are between 4.2﹪and 5.1﹪for this specific case. Comparing the funding schedules for distinct time horizons, we find that the contribution rates under 5-year period are higher than those under 10-year period in the beginning. The contribution rates given funding ratio at 75﹪are lower than those given at 100﹪. While the optimal trading behaviors of the pension fund managers for 5-year period are significant volatile than those for 10-year period. Their optimal trading behaviors have exhibited a reduced volatility under the lower funding ratios. The case study indicates that the distinct time horizon and the funding ratio play crucial roles in decision-making process for pension fund management.

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