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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

∂-方程解之積分表現及其在橢圓域之均勻估計 / Integral Representation of Solution for ∂u=f and Its Uniform Estimate on Ellipsoids

林景隆, Lin, Jin Long Unknown Date (has links)
本文證明對∂-方程式在橢圓域中的解皆可用積分形式表現出來而且滿足均勻估計。在此估計中的常數可用橢圓的長短軸表達之。而且,我們也證明了此常數具有穩定性。 / In this thesis, we prove that, given any smooth closed (0,1)-form f near an ellipsoid Ω in C<sup>n</sup>, the Henkin's solution H<sub>Ω</sub>f of the ∂-equation on Ω satisfies the uniform estimate     ║H<sub>Ω</sub>f║<sub>∞</sub>≦C<sub>Ω</sub>║f║<sub>∞</sub>  ,   where is the Henkin's constant of Ω which can be explicitly estimated in terms of the maximum and minimum axes of the ellipsoid Ω. Also, a special version of the stability result of the Henkin's constant C<sub>Ω</sub> is obtained.
42

立委選制變遷對選民投票行為之影響:投票穩定與變遷的分析 / The Impact of the Change of Legislator's Electoral System on Voting Behavior: An Analysis of Electoral Stability and Change

林長志, Lin, Chang Chih Unknown Date (has links)
我國立法委員選舉制度,於2005年經過修憲程序,正式由已實施數十年之久的「複數選區單記非讓渡投票制」(SNTV),從第七屆起轉變為混合式的「單一選區兩票並立制」(MMM)。從Duverger學說及相關學理論述可知,不同選舉制度的特性將可能影響選民投票時的思考及最終的投票行為。因此,本文旨在探討選舉制度的變革是否對選民的黨派投票產生影響,比較選民在選制變革前後的第六屆與第七屆立委選舉,選票流動的情形為何?又有哪些因素可以解釋選民藍綠投票的傾向,以及跨時間的「投票穩定與變遷」?除了以總體層次資料觀察比較新舊選制下的政黨勢力消長外,本文主要以TEDS2008L中的定群追蹤樣本(panel data)作為分析選民投票抉擇的資料來源,並以交叉列聯表及統計模型來進行研究分析。 研究結果顯示,比較過去SNTV與第七屆新選制首次實施的選舉結果,第七屆選舉兩項有效政黨數指標皆呈現大幅滑落的現象,小黨幾乎全軍覆沒。從政黨菁英的角度分析,亦可發現MMM選制在選前階段的政黨提名與合作上,便已產生強烈驅使不同政黨整合或結盟的壓力,形成藍綠兩聯盟對立競爭的態勢。從選民選票流動的分析來看,於2004年選舉中支持國民黨與民進黨的選民,在2008年的單一選區(SMD)選票及全國不分區比例代表(PR)選票,都有高度穩定投票的傾向。2004年支持小黨如親民黨與台聯的選民,則是兩次選舉中最主要選票流動的來源,其不僅在SMD票中有選票轉移的現象,在PR票中亦有策略性投票支持大黨的傾向,且主要為同一藍綠陣營內「聯盟投票」的投票型態,泛藍陣營內的聯盟投票尤比泛綠陣營更來得顯著。此外,模型分析的結果顯示,就選制因素而言,選民在SMD的藍綠兩大政黨競爭中,較傾向於支持國民黨,其他可能影響選民藍綠投票的因素中,選民的性別、政黨認同、統獨立場、政治信任感、對陳水扁政府施政評價、以及對立法院表現評價等變數,亦具有統計上的顯著性。選民的藍綠政黨偏好變化、統獨立場與族群認同改變,則對於選民屬於何種穩定或變遷投票類型具有解釋力。總結本文分析,我國立委MMM選制不論對政黨或選民而言,皆產生一股導引政黨體系往兩黨體系發展的推力。
43

東亞金融穩定機制的倡議與安排 / Initiatives and arrangements of the financial stability mechanism in East Asia

蕭倩琳, Hsiao, Chien Lin Unknown Date (has links)
1997年亞洲發生金融風暴以來,東亞各國雖然接受了IMF的援助,但是卻因為IMF援助無法即時性以及限制條件過多,引發了各國的反彈,ASEAN+3希望在未來不再是依賴國際組織的援助,而是靠區域自身的力量提供短期流動性資金互助,因此東亞各國往區域整合的路徑邁進。 從1997年「馬尼拉架構」、日本提出的「新宮澤倡議」到2000年的「清邁倡議」、2010年的「多邊清邁協議」等,ASEAN+3各國正一步步的建立提供短期流動性資金的區域金融穩定機制。除了流動性資金之外,ASEAN+3也希望區域內的金融市場能夠穩定發展,保留住豐沛的外匯儲備,因此也設立了「亞洲債券基金」。 東亞金融穩定機制持續且穩定的發展中,但這些機制無法完全獨立仍和IMF連結,不僅如此,這些機制沒有一個獨立的監督機制,更沒有將機制統籌,降低了其功能性。雖然2010年正式生效的「多邊清邁協議」被視為ASEAN+3金融穩定機制的一個里程碑,但是包含運用超過20%的資金需要IMF同義、仍未設立獨立監督機制等問題都需要解決。另外,東亞在1997年之後未曾再發生金融危機,因此這些機制實際的作用仍然需要時間考驗。
44

以矩陣分解法計算特別階段形機率分配並有多人服務之排隊模型 / A phase-type queueing model with multiple servers by matrix decomposition approaches

顏源亨, Yen, Yuan Heng Unknown Date (has links)
穩定狀態機率是讓我們了解各種排隊網路性能的基礎。在擬生死過程(Quasi-Birth-and-Death) Phase-type 分配中求得穩定狀態機率,通常是依賴排隊網路的結構。在這篇論文中,我們提出了一種計算方法-LU分解,可以求得在排隊網路中有多台服務器的穩定狀態機率。此計算方法提供了一種通用的方法,使得複雜的大矩陣變成小矩陣,並減低計算的複雜性。當需要計算一個複雜的大矩陣,這個成果變得更加重要。文末,我們提到了離開時間間隔,並用兩種方法 (Matlab 和 Promodel) 去計算期望值和變異數,我們發現兩種方法算出的數據相近,接著計算離開顧客的時間間隔相關係數。最後,我們提供數值實驗以計算不同服務器個數產生的離去過程和相關係數,用來說明我們的方法。 / Stationary probabilities are fundamental in response to various measures of performance in queueing networks. Solving stationary probabilities in Quasi-Birth-and-Death(QBD) with phase-type distribution normally are dependent on the structure of the queueing network. In this thesis, a new computing scheme is developed for attaining stationary probabilities in queueing networks with multiple servers. This scheme provides a general approach of consindering the complexity of computing algorithm. The result becomes more significant when a large matrix is involved in computation. After determining the stationary probability, we study the departure process and the moments of inter-departure times. We can obtain the moment of inter-departure times. We compute the moments of inter-departure times and the variance by applying two numerical methods (Matlab and Promodel). The lag-k correlation of inter-departure times is also introduced in the thesis. The proposed approach is proved theoretically and verifieded with illustrative examples.
45

霸權的維繫與挑戰:以美國小布希政府之美新與美澳自由貿易協定為例 / The maintenance and challenge of hegemony:The U.S.-Singapore FTA and U.S.-Australia FTA of George W.Bush's administration

蔡宜珊, Tsai, Yi Shan Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要以霸權穩定論作為研究基礎,解釋美國為維持在亞太地區的主導權,透過簽訂FTA作為一種手段並檢視其效益,意即美國與亞太國家簽訂雙邊FTA是否為一有效維繫其在亞太地區主導權的手段。研究重心為美國在亞太地區的FTA政策運用和FTA性質的變化,並以美新FTA與美澳FTA兩個案作為研究標的,分析美國選取簽署國的政經與策略,並評估美國在亞太地區簽訂雙邊FTA對於其霸權維繫的之成效與FTA政策運用是否成功。根據本研究發現,相較於亞太地區因區域整合而引領的FTA洽簽風潮,美國於2001年小布希上台後才對FTA重視程度大幅提升,但與亞太國家的談判速度與簽署數量上仍然進度緩慢且成效不彰,美國對亞太整體的FTA政策運用已從過去傳統的經濟策略轉變為政治與安全上的手段。從美澳FTA與美新FTA兩個已簽署並生效的FTA個案檢視,簽署的關鍵因素皆傾向以911後反恐戰略上的考量與對美政策支持的回饋來解釋,而在洽簽考量上主要是政治與安全因素大於經濟效益的考量。最後,美國並未在與新加坡和澳洲簽訂FTA後引發其他亞太國家積極與美洽簽的效果,因此美國對亞太地區的FTA政策並未達到美國預期之輪軸網絡化目標。
46

歐盟《穩定暨成長協定》研究 / The stability and growth pact

成元欣 Unknown Date (has links)
《穩定暨成長協定》(Stability and Growth Pact, SGP)作為歐洲經濟暨貨幣同盟(Economic and Monetary Union, EMU)財政紀律框架之核心規範,其有效實行是確保EMU會員國財政穩定並使EMU穩健運作之重要關鍵。本研究之研究目的,即在於透過對SGP的立法背景、實行成效與SGP在2005年及2010年經歷的兩次改革內容進行分析,以了解EMU財政紀律發展趨勢及政策啟示。 本研究之研究成果顯示,自1997年SGP制定至今,EMU財政規範始終是以「補漏洞」的方式進行。歐盟非中央化的財政政策是EMU財政規範的有效實行必須期待各會員國善意遵守的根本原因。這項缺陷也使得部分EMU會員國重新思考建立財政同盟的可能。然由於財政同盟代表的是要求EMU各會員國進一步放棄國家主權中的財政自主權,在仍有會員國對此表示疑慮的前提下,歐盟財政治理未來的發展趨勢仍值得吾人持續觀察。 / As a key rule of the fiscal governance frameworks of European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), the effective implementation of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) is a guarantee of both the fiscal stability of the EMU Member States and the well-function of the EMU. The main purpose of this thesis is to explore the trends of the EMU fiscal disciplines and the messages the EMU fiscal policies deliver through analysis of the background of the SGP, the practice of the SGP and the two modifications to SGP in 2005 and 2010 respectively. The result of this thesis shows that the EMU fiscal governance has been keeping fixing problems ex post facto since the SGP entered into force. And the decentralised fiscal policies explain why the effective implementation of SGP is relying on the willingness of the EMU Member States to follow the rules. This defect makes some of the EMU Member States to reconsider to build a fiscal union, which means to yield the fiscal sovereignty to the EU. Since there are still some EMU Member States concerning over the idea, the future of the EMU fiscal governance is still developing.
47

霸權與國際公共財之關係-以人民幣國際化為例 / The relationship between hegemony and international public good - take the internationalization of RMB as an example

蔡智棠 Unknown Date (has links)
本文觀察到於越戰結束後,東亞呈現一個沒有霸權的狀態,然而,近來中國經濟的成長,使得人民幣國際化可能成為一項在東亞新出現的國際公共財。因此,筆者欲透過檢視東亞體系的現況與人民幣的國際化,嘗試對傳統霸權穩定理論中,對於霸權與公共財出現關係之部分進行修正,並重新檢視霸權的存在與一項新國際公共財提供之間的關聯性。 本文檢視東亞體系自戰後以來的演變與現況,並分別探討東亞體系中的三大行為者-中、美、日於體系中的角色轉變與其對於東亞體系的認知,最終本文提出「隱性霸權」的概念來為東亞體系下一註腳。 提出「隱性霸權」之概念後,本文進一步檢視人民幣國際化迄今為止的政策與現況,並透過8項貨幣國際化指標來評估人民幣目前的國際化程度。本文發現,人民幣目前的國際化程度比起世界其他主要貨幣,國際化程度仍相對較低,然而,本文認為由於中國本身的特殊條件,人民幣的國際化不是能或不能的問題,而只是何時的問題。因此,人民幣成為東亞體系中的國際公共財指日可待。 綜合上述討論,本文提出對於傳統霸權穩定理論的修正,指出於東亞體系中人民幣的國際化,讓傳統霸權穩定理論中,需要在體系內有一超強存在,國際公共財才得以出線的論述有修正之必要,此外,雖體系中有霸權存在將使公共財出現的可能性大幅上升,然而並不代表沒有霸權存在,公共財便不會出現。
48

日本產險公司市場競爭度與風險關係之研究 / A study of the Relation between Market Competition and Company’s Risk in Japanese Property-Liability Industry

王咨渝, Wang, Tzu Yu Unknown Date (has links)
本研究以日本國內產物保險公司作為研究對象,研究期間為1986年至2010年,共25個年度。本研究應用固定效果之GMM(一般化動差法)模型,以Lerner index衡量市場獨占力(競爭度),檢驗對日本產險公司之市場獨占力(競爭度)對於公司的財務穩定度以及各種風險之影響,包括總風險、核保風險以及投資風險。本研究發現日本國內產險公司獨占力與各風險大多存在負相關:越高獨占力(越低競爭度)的公司其總風險及核保風險越低。然而,越高獨占力(越低競爭度)的公司容易面對越高的投資風險。本研究結果亦顯示,獨占力對於風險之影響於1997至2010之研究期間有顯著效果,惟其於1986至1996之研究期間效果不顯著。 / This paper chooses Japanese domestic general insurance company as the objective and the research period is from 1986 to 2010, 25 sample years in total. We apply fixed-effect in the GMM (Generalized method of moments) to examine the impact of the market power (Lerner index) specifically in insurance market on financial stability and different risks of insurance company, including total risk, underwriting risk and investment risk. The result suggests in general, negative relation exist between market power and risks in Japanese domestic general insurance industry: We find that the higher the market power (the lower competition), the lower the total risk and underwriting risk. On the other hand, higher marker power (lower competition) leads to higher investment risk. Our finding also shows that market power has an impact in the period 1997-2010 but not for the period of 1986-1996, which confirms that Japanese financial reform in 1996 might have influence on risks and financial stability.
49

城市成長轉型的路徑選擇:以中國天津為例 / Politics of Growth and a Pro-Stability Machine in Tianjin

陳蓉怡, Chen, Rung Yi Unknown Date (has links)
本論文利用超穩定機器的概念,用以解釋天津城市成長轉型的路徑選擇,三個觀察的指標包括支柱產業的選擇、土地政策的更迭以及行政區劃的調整成果。既有針對中國大陸城市治理的文獻概以成長機器作為主軸。但本文認為,受政績誘因以及中央地方關係制約下的初始條件影響,1980年代的天津以超穩定機器而非成長機器的方式運作,具體運作面向包括漸進的經濟改革、具福利性質的土地使用政策以及對外資的保守與防範。事實證明,當時建立的產業發展方向、土地運用制度與城市內部行政體制,對於天津今天在加速經濟增長階段仍然具有相當的影響力。天津經濟轉型過程中呈現的路徑依賴特質,也突顯出地方政府從超穩定機器邁向成長機器轉型的過程中,實際上涉及了學習與轉化的考驗。 / This dissertation aims to identify the patterns of urban transition in China that uses Tianjin as a specific case. In order to illustrate my argument, an analytical approach that combines path dependence and pro-stability machine is employed. Existing literature that attempts to explore the dynamics of urban development in China has been made predominantly on the basis of the “growth machine” model, which takes the growth of cities as a result of interaction among some internal urban-based players for pecuniary gains and property development. Yet, I argue that Tianjin as a pro-stability machine in the 1980s and the story background was bounded by the official’s incentive of promotion and initial provincial conditions backed by the central government influences. This dissertation identifies three core issues in relation to the pro-stability machine, including: incremental reform in economic area, welfare implication in land use policies and conservative attitude toward foreign forces. Such issues associated with challenges of rapid urban growth in Tianjin today: the selection of pillar industries, reforming land policies and drastic administrative restructuring in Binhai New Area. This dissertation argues that Tianjin’s experience significantly highlights difficulties faced with local governments when they confront with the ‘path dependency’ dilemma in economic transition. The Tianjin government has to not only adjust itself to the roles shifted from a pro-stability machine to a developmental machine but also deal with the accompanied challenges of learning and transformation. It seeks to fill the gap in the existing literature that pays scant attention to the urban renewal experience in Tianjin as a traditionally significant developmental center in north China. This dissertation, therefore, will make important contribution in two aspects. First, it will shed light on the institutional reform process in Tianjin that is critical to the developmental catch-up of the city. Second, it will offer a fresh insight into the debates upon the urban development models in contemporary China.
50

封閉式等候網路機率分配之估計與分析 / Estimation of Probability Distributions on Closed Queueing Networks

莊依文 Unknown Date (has links)
在這一篇論文裡,我們討論兩個階段的封閉式等候線網路,其中服務時間的機率分配都是Phase type分配。我們猜測服務時間的機率分配和離開時間間隔的機率分配滿足一組聯立方程組。然後,我們推導出非邊界狀態的穩定機率可以被表示成 product-form的線性組合,而每個product-form可以用聯立方程組的根來構成。利用非邊界狀態的穩定機率, 我們可以求出邊界狀態的機率。最後我們建立一個求穩定機率的演算過程。利用這個演算方法,可以簡化求穩定機率的複雜度。 / In this thesis, we are concerned with the property of a two-stage closed system in which the service times are identically of phase type. We first conjecture that the  Laplace-Stieltjes Transforms (LST) of service time distributions may satisfy a system of equations. Then we present that the stationary probabilities on the unboundary states can be written as a linear combination of product-forms. Each component of these products can be expressed in terms of roots of the system of equations. Finally, we establish an algorithm to obtain all the stationary probabilities. The algorithm is expected to work well for relatively large customers in the system.

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