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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

重塑愛麗絲:愛麗絲在仙境與鏡中世界的自我及空間經驗 / Refiguring the two Alices: Alice’s Spatial Experiences and self in wonderland and looking-glass

陳凱琳, Chen, Kai Lin Unknown Date (has links)
路易士‧卡洛爾的《愛麗絲夢遊記》(Alice in Wonderland, 1865) 及《穿越明鏡》(Through the Looking-Glass, 1871) 是十九世紀極為出名的兒童文學。兩本書中都描述一位名為愛麗絲的女孩如何進入一個奇幻的國度而展開旅程,以及當中她所遇見的各種角色。這兩本書不只豐富有趣,更充滿了諧擬以及邏輯和文字遊戲,使其成為現今許多學者研究的對象。但是,兩本書的相似性使得一般讀者或是學者在閱讀時,都將其視為同一則故事。然而,在仔細探索後,會發現卡洛爾在寫作過程中,很明顯地把兩本書做了區分。本論文因此試圖將兩本書進行比較分析,來重新檢視兩個奇幻世界以及兩個愛麗絲的差異性。 本文第一章為概論,簡單介紹卡洛爾及其兩本作品。第二章運用德勒茲和加達利的概念,針對仙境與鏡中世界的空間的進行比較。從文本例證中可看出,第一本書中的仙境近似一個「平滑空間」(smooth space),而第二本中的鏡中世界則如同一個「褶縐空間」(striated space)。此差異性更凸顯了這兩段故事的不同。第三章主要應用透納的理論來探討主角愛麗絲與兩個空間的關係。透納利用范‧杰內普的「儀式理論」(rites of passage)發展出「閾限」(liminality)的觀念,並用此觀念來解讀正在進行生命儀式的個體以及其所屬的階段。許多學者認為兩段故事是在描述愛麗絲長大的過程,因此她的旅程可被視為她經歷生命儀式─成年禮的歷程。然而,雖然兩本書中的兩個空間均可被視為一種「閾限空間」(liminal space),但只有鏡中世界塑造了一個成功的生命儀式,使愛麗絲在最後得以達到象徵性的成年。另一方面,由於仙境中缺乏線性進展,無法構成一個有效的生命儀式,導致第一本書中的愛麗絲到最後還是以小孩之姿結束在此空間的旅程。第四章援引兩位學者的文章來探討愛麗絲在兩個空間中身體呈現的差異以及和愛麗絲自我發展的相關性。由於愛麗絲在仙境中維持一個小孩的身分,她的身體與行為不會造成社會的威脅,在空間中也就不會受任何拘束。反之,在愛麗絲即將長大的鏡中世界中,其女性的身體卻必須受到限制。因此,在鏡中世界的愛麗絲不僅身體未出現任何變化,她的任何身體的慾望也必須受到克制。這與在第一本書中的身體再現是全然迥異的。第五章則是本文的結論;總結這兩本書的差異性,而身為讀者的我們也應正視其中的區別,進而能夠更加了解卡洛爾筆下的兩個奇幻世界以及兩位均名為愛麗絲的主角。 / Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass have brought laughter to children as they journey with Alice through the fantasy worlds ever since their first publication in the 19th century. Filled with Carroll’s witty parodies and plays of logic, the books quickly become two of the most widely studied children fantasies. Both books are about a little girl named Alice who crosses a barrier and enters a fantastical dream world, in which she meets a variety of strange creatures. With the similarity of structures, the two books are often regarded as one single work in modern days. However, upon close examination, it is quite evident that the two works are of entirely different entities, and should be read accordingly. In my thesis, I explore the possibility of reading the books separately by comparing and contrasting Carroll’s creation of the two worlds, as well as the two different developments of Alice within the books. In chapter one, I give an overall summary of the author and a brief introduction of the background of the Alices. Chapter two focuses on the two spaces of Wonderland and Looking-Glass World. Using Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s notion of smooth and striated space, this chapter delineates how Wonderland is more like a smooth space with its rhizomatic routes and a lack of center, whereas the linearity of Looking-Glass World appears to be closer to a striated space. This critical difference highlights the individualization between the two worlds. Chapter three investigates the relationship between Alice and the two spaces by adopting Victor Turner’s concept. Drawing on Arnold van Gennep’s notion of the rites of passage, Turner proposes the concept of liminality, which is the state of an individual when he or she is undergoing a rite of passage. Most scholars suggest that both Alice books depict Alice’s development to adulthood, which makes Alice’s journeys through the two worlds rites of passage. However, while both spaces can be said to be liminal spaces for Alice, only Looking-Glass World constitutes a completed rite of passage for her, in which she reaches a symbolic maturity at the end. With no linear progression, Wonderland fails to be a rite of passage, and hence Alice comes out still as the child she is going in. Chapter four concentrates on the bodily manifestation of Alice, and how they relate to the difference in Alice’s self development in the two books. Drawing on Donald Rackin’s and Anna Krugovoy Silver’s articles, I find that Alice’s exuberant bodily manifestation and vigorous expression of bodily desires in Wonderland is due to the fact that Alice remains a young child, and that her immature body does not cause a threat to the Victorian society. Hence, Carroll allows her to be the fully embodied girl in the first book. In Looking-Glass World, in which Alice is on the verge of growing up, her body must be restrained. Thus, her body stays static and her bodily desires are contained, very different from the bodily representation in the first book. In Wonderland and Looking-Glass, Carroll has created two very enchanting stories, with two distinctive fantasy worlds and two separate developments of Alice. Conclusively, I believe that Carroll meant for them to be treated as two separate books, with two different spaces of the dream worlds and two protagonists by the name of Alice.
82

應用在空間認知發展的學習歷程分析之高效率空間探勘演算法 / Efficient Mining of Spatial Co-orientation Patterns for Analyzing Portfolios of Spatial Cognitive Development

魏綾音, WEI, LING-YIN Unknown Date (has links)
空間認知(Spatial Cognition)指出人所理解的空間複雜度,也就是人與環境互動的過程中,經由記憶與感官經驗,透過內化與重建產生物體在空間的關係認知。認知圖(Cognitive Map)是最常被使用在評估空間認知。分析學生所畫的認知圖有助於老師們瞭解學生的空間認知能力,進而擬定適當的地理教學設計。我們視空間認知發展的學習歷程檔案是由這些認知圖所構成。隨著數位學習科技的進步,我們可以透過探勘認知圖的方式,探討空間認知發展的學習歷程檔案。因此,我們藉由透過圖像的空間資料探勘,分析學生空間認知發展的學習歷程。 空間資料探勘(Spatial Data Mining)主要是從空間資料庫或圖像資料庫中找出有趣且有意義的樣式。在論文中,我們介紹一種空間樣式(Spatial Co-orientation Pattern)探勘以提供空間認知發展學習歷程的分析。Spatial Co-orientation Pattern是指圖像資料庫中,具有共同相對方向關係的物體(Object)常一起出現。例如,我們可以從圖像資料庫中發現物體P常出現在物體Q的左邊,我們利用二維字串(2D String)來表示物體分佈在圖像中的空間方向關係。我們透過Pattern-growth的方法探勘此種空間樣式,藉由實驗結果呈現Pattern-growth的方法與過去Apriori-based的方法[14]之優缺點。 我們延伸Spatial Co-orientation Pattern的概念至時空資料庫(Spatio-temporal Database),提出從時空資料庫中,探勘Temporal Co-orientation Pattern。Temporal Co-orientation Pattern是指Spatial Co-orientation Pattern隨著時間的變化。論文中,我們提出兩種此類樣式,即是Coarse Temporal Co-orientation Pattern與Fine Temporal Co-orientation Pattern。針對此兩種樣式,我們提出三階段(three-stage)演算法,透過實驗分析演算法的效率。 / Spatial cognition means how human interpret spatial complexity. Cognitive maps are mostly used to test the spatial cognition. Analyzing cognitive maps drawn by students is helpful for teachers to understand students’ spatial cognitive ability and to draft geography teaching plans. Cognitive maps constitute the portfolios of spatial cognitive development. With the advance of e-learning technology, we can analyze portfolios of spatial cognitive development by spatial data mining of cognitive images. Therefore, we can analyze portfolios of spatial cognitive development by spatial data mining of images. Spatial data mining is an important task to discover interesting and meaningful patterns from spatial or image databases. In this thesis, we investigate the spatial co-orientation patterns for analyzing portfolios of spatial cognitive development. Spatial co-orientation patterns refer to objects that frequently occur with the same spatial orientation, e.g. left, right, below, etc., among images. For example, an object P is frequently left to an object Q among images. We utilize the data structure, 2D string, to represent the spatial orientation of objects. We propose the pattern-growth approach for mining co-orientation patterns. An experimental evaluation with synthetic datasets shows the advantages and disadvantages between pattern-growth approach and Apriori-based approach proposed by Huang [14]. Moreover, we extend the concept of spatial co-orientation pattern to that of temporal patterns. Temporal co-orientation patterns refer to the change of spatial co-orientation patterns over time. Two temporal patterns, the coarse temporal co-orientation patterns and fine temporal co-orientation patterns are introduced to be extracted from spatio-temporal databases. We propose the three-stage algorithms, CTPMiner and FTPMiner, for mining coarse and fine temporal co-orientation patterns, respectively. An experimental evaluation with synthetic datasets shows the performance of these algorithms.
83

利用者の認知特性から見た病院の廊下・空間の構成に関する研究

山下, 哲郎, 長澤, 泰, 小松, 尚, 木方, 十根 03 1900 (has links)
科学研究費補助金 研究種目:一般研究(B)(2) 課題番号:06452303 研究代表者:山下 哲郎 研究期間:1994-1996年度
84

臺北市國民中學校園休憩活動空間之研究 / The study of junior high school campus leisure activities space in Taipei City

蔡坤良 Unknown Date (has links)
本研究主要探討臺北市國民中學休憩活動空間規畫現況與使用情形,並分析不同背景變項下規畫與使用之差異,進而瞭解學生在下課選擇校園休憩活動空間的原因、活動形式、改善設施及放學欲使用情形,最後歸納規畫校園休憩活動空間之規劃與改善意見。因此研究採用休憩活動空間設置調查表,用以調查校園休憩活動空間之現況資料,並配合休憩活動空間使用問卷調查瞭解學生使用與需求情形,共寄發出1,200份問卷,回收有效問卷共1,072份,最後輔以訪談以深入了解學校規劃與使用情形,根據資料整理,本研究發現結果如下: 一、校園靜態休憩活動空間設置最多為教室、走廊、圖書館、合作社與庭園,其次為戶外劇場,設置比例較少為交誼平臺、交誼室及屋頂花園。 二、校園動態休憩活動空間設置最多為田徑場、室外球場與活動中心為主。 三、不同學校類型在靜態休憩活動空間規畫差異不大,唯有在走廊、圖書館、庭園的附屬設施與戶外劇場設置略有差異;在動態休憩活動空間在田徑場與室外球場附屬設施略有差異。 四、不同學校規模在靜態休憩活動空間規畫差異不大,唯有在走廊、圖書館、合作社略有差異,在動態休憩活動空間規畫差異不大,唯有在室外球場附屬設施略有差異。 五、下課學生較常使用的靜態休憩活動空間,以教室、走廊與合作社為主;動態休憩活動空間以室外籃球場、田徑場與活動中心為主。 六、下課選擇靜態休憩活動空間的原因以距離較近、放鬆身心與同學因素為主;選擇動態休憩活動空間的原因以身體活動、放鬆身心、距離較近與同 學因素為主。 七、下課學生在靜態休憩活動空間從事的活動以聊天為主,其次為睡覺、看書、發呆與散步;動態休憩活動空間從事的活動以聊天、打球為主。 八、在靜態休憩活動空間使用頻率上完全中學使用頻率高於市立國中;在動態休憩活動空間使用頻率小規模與中規模使用頻率高於大規模,七年級使用頻率高於八年級使用頻率,男生使用頻率高於女生。 九、在靜態休憩活動空間學生希望增設或改善的空間以教室、合作社與圖書館為主,並增設音樂聆聽區、電腦設備區與休憩座椅等設施為主。 十、在動態休憩活動空間以學生希望增設或改善的空間以室外籃球場、室內籃球場與活動中心為主,並增設休憩以球類設施與休憩座椅為主。 十一、學生放學從事的休憩活動依序最多為聊天、打球與散步;選擇的休憩活動空間依序最多為教室、走廊與室外籃球場。 根據結論以上結論,提出以下建議: 一、國中校園靜態休憩活動空間以教室、走廊、圖書館與合作社等空間,應優先充實其空間設施,以利學生休憩活動之用。 二、國中校園動態休憩活動空間以室外籃球場與活動中心等空間,應優先充實其空間設施,以利學生休憩活動之用。 三、高樓層校舍應就近增設休憩設施,以滿足高樓層學生休憩活動空間之需求。 四、彈性調整下課時間,利於學生進行多樣化的休憩活動。 五、動態休憩活動空間宜考慮性別的需求作適當的調整 六、國中學生在休憩活動選擇以聊天為主要活動,顯示社交需求應被重視,應此宜多設置休憩座椅,以提供學生下課聊天的硬體需求。 七、以經費持續補助學校進行校園空間改善,以增加休憩活動空間設施。 八、對未來的研究建議可在研究內容上可針對休憩附屬設施如:休憩座椅、閱讀桌椅或球場等設施之規畫形式與使用狀況進行研究。 / This study focuses on the current situation of the planning and use of recreational spaces in junior high schools in Taipei city. An analysis was conducted to find out differences in the planning and use of these spaces under different background variables in order to further probe into the reasons students choose the recreational spaces on campus after class, the activity types, improvement of facilities, and use after school. The recreational space planning and improvement suggestions were then summarized. In this paper, a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the current situation of recreational spaces on campus. The questionnaires were distributed to find out the use and needs of the students. A total of 1,200 questionnaire copies were distributed and 1,072 valid copies were recovered. Interviews were also conducted to gain an insight into the planning and use of the school recreational spaces. The study findings based on the compiled data are as follows: 1. Most passive recreational spaces on campus are allotted for classrooms, corridors, libraries, cooperatives, and gardens, followed by outdoor theaters. Friendship platforms, recreational rooms, and roof gardens on the other hand have the least passive recreational spaces. 2. Most dynamic recreational spaces are allotted for track and field, outdoor courts, and activity centers. 3. The passive recreational space planning in different schools is generally the same except for corridors, libraries, ancillary facilities in gardens, and outdoor theater layout that slightly differ. For the dynamic recreational spaces, the ancillary facilities such as the track and field, outdoor courts, etc., differed slightly. 4. There is not much variation in dynamic recreational space planning at different schools except corridors, libraries, and cooperatives that showed slight differences. In terms of dynamic recreational space planning, the schools do not differ much except for ancillary facilities of outdoor courts that show slight variations. 5. Students more frequently used passive recreational spaces after class, particularly classrooms, corridors, and cooperatives. The dynamic recreational spaces are primarily outdoor basketball courts, track and field, and activity centers. 6. The reasons for choosing dynamic recreational spaces include: closer in distance, relaxing the body and mind, and influence of peers. The reasons they choose dynamic activities include: physical activity, relaxing the body and mind, closer in distance, and influence of peers. 7. After class, the activities that take place in the passive recreational spaces are primarily chatting, followed by taking a nap, reading, trance, and taking a walk; the activities that take place in the dynamic recreational spaces include chatting and playing ball games. 8. The usage rate of the passive recreational space in complete high schools is higher than that of city junior high schools; the usage rate of the small-scale and medium-scale dynamic recreational spaces is higher than that of the large-scale spaces; the usage rate of the 7th graders is higher than that of the 8th graders, and the usage rate for the boys is higher than that of the girls. 9. In the passive recreational space, the students’ requested additional facilities and improvement of primarily classrooms, cooperatives, and libraries and setup of music areas, computer areas, and recreational chairs. 10. In the dynamic recreation space, the students requested additional facilities and improvement of primarily outdoor basketball courts, indoor basketball courts, and activity centers and setup of ball sport related facilities and recreational chairs. 11. The students’ recreational activities after school in sequence are chatting, playing ball games, and taking a walk. And the recreational spaces chosen in sequence are classrooms, corridors, and outdoor basketball courts. Based on the conclusions above, the following suggestions are proposed: 1. In terms of the passive recreational space on campus of junior high schools,priorities are given to enhancing facilities in classrooms, corridors, libraries, and cooperatives for students’ recreational use. 2. In terms of the dynamic recreational space on campus of junior high schools,priorities are given to enhancing facilities in outdoor basketball courts and activity centers for students’ recreational use. 3. Additional recreational facilities should be set up in the vicinity of high-rise buildings to satisfy students’ recreational space needs. 4. Make flexible adjustment of the class schedule to facilitate students’ versatile recreational activities. 5. Take gender needs into consideration in making appropriate adjustment to the dynamic recreational space. 6. Most junior high school students choose chatting as the recreational activity,showing the need to emphasize social needs. Therefore, additional recreational chairs are recommended for students’ hardware needed for chatting. 7.Continue to grant money to improve the campus space and add more facilities in the recreational space. 8.It is suggested that future researches focus on the planning and usage of recreational ancillary facilities such as recreational chairs, desks/chairs for reading, and ball courts.
85

議價空間與住宅不動產市場流動性之研究 / Price concession of the residential housing markets

范清益, Fan, Ching Yi Ken Unknown Date (has links)
不動產由於具有異質性、不可移動性與昂貴性等特性,相較於其他資產而言,最獨特的風險為「流動性風險」(liquidity risk),也因此其銷售期間比其他標的較長,議價空間也較大。以往探討不動產流動性的研究大都以在市場上的銷售期間(time on the market, TOM)為主,然本研究認為銷售期間和賣方的表價(listing price)與買方心中的價格(offer price)密切相關,買方決策的過程勢必受到賣方表價與本身心中價格之影響,進而決定該不動產在市場之流動性。故本研究則嘗試以賣方表價與最後成交價(transaction price)間的議價空間,探討不動產市場之流動性。議價空間愈大,表示不動產標的在當時市場之流動性愈低,致使賣方愈能接受低於表價的買方出價及成交價。 本研究透過搜尋理論建立住宅不動產議價空間模型,並以實際市場交易資料進行實證分析,探討房屋本身的屬性、總體市場因素、賣方持有的成本、區位因素與賣方定價因素等,對於買賣雙方議價空間之影響,藉以觀察理論與實證是否相符。其中以房屋總坪數與屋齡代表房屋屬性,以房租成長率與經濟成長率代表市場情況,並以利率代表賣方持有成本。實證結果顯示,屋齡太久或賣方定價過高的不動產,其議價空間愈大,流動性愈差;房租成長率和經濟成長率皆與議價空間呈負相關,表市場景氣愈好,議價空間愈小,賣方在議價過程中較能堅守其表價;又利率與議價空間呈正相關,表賣方持有不動產的成本越高,越能接受較大的議價空間;而總坪數愈大及區位較佳之不動產,其議價空間越小,可能受豪宅市場效應以及區域抗跌性有關。此實證結果與過去利用銷售期間衡量不動產市場流動性的搜尋理論相符,也驗證議價空間實可為衡量不動產市場流動性的新指標,並可降低利用銷售期間分析的研究困境。本研究成果不僅可供不動產賣方定價策略、買方議價時機之參考,亦希望透過本研究對議價空間與不動產市場流動性之研究,期望政府儘速建立與公開不動產交易平台,俾利增進不動產市場之流動性,更能牽動不動產市場與整體經濟市場之成長。 / The study suggests that not only time on market (TOM) but also price concession between the listing and contract prices could measure housing market liquidity. Departed from past studies, this paper develops theory and constructs a model named Residential Housing Price Concession Model to examine whether key factors influenced housing market liquidity significantly from past studies would have the same effect on price concession. The model includes the listing price of house, the macroeconomic data, the cost of the search and other housing characters in empirical model. Results show that listing price, cost of search and age of house have the predicted positive coefficients, and macroeconomic data , squares of house and location factor are found to be negatively related to the price concession. The corresponding conclusion with time on market (TOM) examined by past studies explains that the price concession also could measure housing market liquidity.
86

族群因素與地域空間發展之關係研究 / Investigations of the Relations between Ethnic and Spatial Development

黃勝雄 Unknown Date (has links)
「人」與其社會組織在地理空間中運作,相對地,空間的結構將反過來影響人的活動;另一方面,傳統的空間研究卻常為描述空間而研究空間,而忽略了空間背後所隱含之社會意涵。這實甚相近的二個主題,在學術研究的累積上卻尚存有一段極大的落差。本研究從這段落差中去尋求一個連結「人與空間」關係的一個有趣旨題,即是「族群因素與地域空間發展之關係的研究」。研究的主要目的在於:由空間結構和社會觀點出發,去探討「族群分布、族群關係」與「地域空間發展」間的關連性,並推演「族群因素與地域空間發展」之間互動關係的一般性法則和模式理念。 理論上,從環境決定論者的觀點,人的行為模式乃是受實質環境(空間)所主導;但反對者則認為人的政經活動與行為組織才是主導空間形成的原因…為匯整這種差異,本文首先回顧了一些較重要學派的空間結構理論,以及一些基本的社會文化理論,以了解各理論對空間結構的解析方式和對族群因素的論述觀點,據此歸結出一些「族群因素」在空間結構發展上的意涵,作為初步的推論以及後面實例分析的重點啟示。 本研究認為「環境(空間)」與「人」二者之間會因社會時代背景與人之關係的差異而有不同的互動情形與循環影響。是以在實例分析上,以台灣的聚落發展史為軸心,將各個不同時期(包括了原鄉地域之爭的清代移民時期、殖民空間改造的日據時期、具省籍隔離情結的國民政府遷台時期,以及開始產生本土化族群融合的現代化時期)之族群分布、族群關係情況與同時期的台灣地域空間結構發展作一對照分析,以解讀二者之間的關連性與互動情況。 經由結合初步的推論與實例分析所得到的發現,推導出族群因素與地域空問發展之關係的最後結論,包括如不同社會發展時期的族群關係具有差異性;影響族群空間分布與關係的主要因素有四者;不同的族群分布產生對地域空間發展的不同影響,也形塑出不同的空間結構特質;族群因素與地域空間的發展關係具有一種對等循環的特性…。然後回頭去對以往之空間結構理論,在本研究主題結論上作一番辯證,以解讀各不同論點的理論觀點在族群因素與空間發展關係上的解釋性和缺漏所在。最後,除了扼要歸結本研究的結論外,且簡單地引申研究發現在空間規劃上之意涵的啟示,並提出一些研究中所受的限制與可作為後續研究的課題以供參考。 / The study attempes to discern social implications of spatial structure.It is precisely for this reason that the primary purpose of the study is to discuss interactive relations between the"ethnic group"and"spatial development",and to infer its evolution law. The environmenal determinism afgues that the human activities are contingent uponthe environment However, opponents contest that political,economic and behavior organizations are the determinant factors of spatial form.Theories of spatial Structureand social culture, and Taiwan's history of social spatial development divided into four different periods are examined. It is argued that the relation between"environment (space)"and"human(ethnic group)"evoluts according to the difference of social back ground and time presenting a changing cycle. Rooted in a case study and rigour theorical discussions,the conclusion reachs that,for example,(l)different relationships of period of ethnic groups present different period Of social development;(2)the influencial causes of the relationships and distribution of ethnic groups are four;(3)different distribution of ethnic groups imposes different impacts upon spatial developmentk,and forms different characteristics of spatial struCture;(4)the relative development of ethnic groups and spatial structure manifestscyclical characteristics.in the final part of this thesis, the implications for the spatial planning and further studies are examined.
87

學校開放空間設計對教學影響之研究-以臺北市健康、新生和永安國民小學為例

陳琦媛, Chen, Chi-Yuan Unknown Date (has links)
本研究的主要目的在探討學校開放空間設計之基本理念及相關理論,觀察教師和學生在開放式學校使用空間的情形以瞭解開放空間設計對教學的影響,並調查教師及學生對開放空間學校使用後的感想以作為國民小學開放空間實際規劃及相關研究之參考。 本研究以臺北市健康、新生和永安三所國民小學為研究對象,進行觀察、訪談和問卷調查,並設計「學校開放空間設計對教學影響之研究問卷」、「開放空間學校設計和使用情形訪談表」、「開放式教室使用情形觀察表」三種研究工具進行相關資料的蒐集。在觀察方面,分別從各個學校低、中、高年級抽出一個班群作為觀察對象,總計對九個班群進行觀察,觀察過程中使用V8攝影機和照相機進行資料的蒐集。訪談對象包括校長、行政人員、教師、學生和家長,總計對36位受訪者進行訪談,並從這三所學校抽樣90位教師和360位中、高年級學生進行問卷調查。經研究結果發現: 一、開放空間學校的設計理念 (一)開放空間設計是希望藉助空間設備的多功能和多樣化衝擊教學和學習形態的轉變。 (二)強調團隊合作、專業分工、主題統整的教學模式。 (三)營造學生快樂適性、自主學習的場所。 (四)提供現代化多媒體及硬體設備幫助教學和學習多元豐富。 二、開放空間學校的使用情形 (一)班群空間主要是由班群教師合作布置、規劃和管理,並以電腦區、圖書區和學習角為最普遍的規劃形態。 (二)教師和學生進行協同教學、分組討論、自主學習和節慶布置時會使用班群空間。 (三)隔屏常用於作品的展示、空間的區隔和聲音的阻隔。多目的活動空間常用於協同教學、大型活動或動態活動時。 (四)教師和學生比較喜歡開放式教室,且設施的使用頻率和滿意度偏高。 (五)班群教室是學生下課最喜歡去的地方。 三、學校開放空間設計對教師教學的影響 (一)教師合作研討課程,進行協同教學,準備教材的時間增加。 (二)教師教學以講述法為主,使用分組、多媒體等多樣化教學的時機增加,課程內容仍是主導教學方式的主因。 (三)班級經營主要是班群教師相互支援管理,在常規訓練上要教導學生尊重他人且不要在班群空間奔跑。 四、學校開放空間設計對學生學習的影響 (一)合作學習增加,人際互動更頻繁豐富。 (二)學習較主動多樣,教師的教學和帶班方式仍是主導學生學習的主因。 (三)學生展現自我和學習的機會增加。 五、學校開放空間設計帶來的好處 (一)教學和學習空間擴大﹐增加學習刺激和學習資源。 (二)人際互動豐富,帶動教學和學習氣氛。 (三)班群空間和硬體設備為教學和學習帶來許多便利。 六、學校開放空間設計面臨的難題 (一)教師對教學管教的態度、標準和觀念的不同使合作產生困難。 (二)教學活動的進行和安排須注意到聲音干擾的情形。 (三)學校的維護、管理和布置需要花費較多的人力、時間和經費。 研究者根據文獻分析與研究發現﹐提出下列幾點建議: 一、改善良好的空間值得投資,教育政策對學校營運宜持續給予支持 二、鼓勵教師多元嘗試、活化教學 三、促進教師良善溝通以利專業合作 四、教學空間的運用注意噪音的處理 五、善用空間資源以增加教學效能 六、配合學習需求及教學規劃設置學習區 七、豐富班群教室,增加學生和環境互動的機會 八、對未來研究的建議 (一)以教師、學生的性向和自評為變項探討學校開放空間設計對不同特質的教師和學生的影響。 (二)待健康、新生和永安國小經過十年、二十年的經營之後,再對其進行長期的觀察研究﹐進而瞭解學校整體性的發展過程及實施成果。 (三)擴大研究範圍﹐選擇校齡較長的開放空間學校和傳統學校進行整體性的比較,或是對傳統式教室和開放式教室進行長期的觀察研究,以探討傳統式教室和開放式教室對教學的影響及兩者間的差異。 (四)將全省開放空間學校做一統整分析,並和國外開放空間學校的設計和經營情形進行比較和呼應。
88

是誰驅動中關村的發展?全球化下的科技園區與城市發展 / Who Drives the Growth of Zhongguancum? Science Park and Urban Development in China under Globalization

林松甫, Lin, Sung Fu Unknown Date (has links)
中國做為一個崛起的東亞大國,對於建立自己的高科技產業與自主創新能力的急起直追也經歷了許多轉變的過程,這些演變體現在中央領導的科技政策與區域建設的創新系統上。自1988年的北京市新技術產業開發試驗區以來,從沿海到內陸所設置的大大小小的科技園區,在在說明了中國希望藉由這種模式追求創新集群的效益。然而本研究中的北京中關村做為中國的高科技產業龍頭,其空間發展出現了有別於其他東亞後進國家中科技園區的分散樣貌。這樣的空間樣貌乃基於地方治理結構的特殊性,演化出各個分散在北京市下不同市轄區的園區都被稱為中關村科學園區、都各自建立起華麗而昂貴的辦公大樓、研發中心之現象。 本研究欲透過回顧中國的科技產業政策以及地方治理模式的轉變,來說明這樣的分散樣貌,是源自於中國在改革開放後的地方治理權責下放導致北京市轄下的各區縣都採用了一種近似於滾動開發的模式來大興土木以追求快速的成長的情況。換言之,在中關村,土地開發帶來的多階段收入在地方政府的眼中的重要性幾乎超越了對創新能力的追求。本研究將以上述脈絡為主旨,深入探討中國在全球化的壓力以及治理結構轉型過程的拉扯下,致使中關村的發展進入到一種看似快速但卻相當矛盾的情結當中,並進而勾勒出現今中關村的空間樣貌。 / China has been trying to catch up with the Western world since its economic reform. In the process, China imitated the successful experience of Silicon Valley in the U.S. and trying to establish special science parks to speed up technological upgrading and innovation. Beijing’s Experimental Zone for Developing New- Technology Industries, which later was named Zhongguancun(ZGC), was the first one following this policy and proven to be the most successful one in China. However, the prosperity of ZGC or any other science park in China does come with a price. There is a lot of problems raised referring to the highly growing land price such as the overwhelming high rent has affected smaller innovative enterprises to survive in Beijing. The thesis tries to discuss the production of space in Beijing’s ZGC through two theoretical views: The Innovation Theory and The Growth Machine Theory. This thesis argues that there are two different forces which have driven ZGC to its status today. The first is China’s overall goal of economic catching up strategy that gives ZGC the legitimacy to develop and grow with relatively greater freedom from existing regulations. The second is Beijing’s various district governments’ strategy in using the construction of science parks as a site to generate economic development. This thesis argues that China’s tax reformation in 1994 has reinforced the importance of land politics to a higher level, through which the development of real estate sector of ZGC has played an important role for the creation of an innovation cluster. As a result, the local government, together with its land politics, eventually plays the leading role in ZGC’s production of space and makes the best use of ZGC’s shining brand.
89

動物が介在する教育空間に関する研究-小学校における動物と児童の関わりの場について-

亀井, 暁子 23 July 2019 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第22012号 / 工博第4624号 / 新制||工||1721(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 竹山 聖, 教授 牧 紀男, 教授 三浦 研 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM
90

台北市人口與地價空間分佈變遷之研究 :1976∼1984

蕭展正, XIAO, ZHAN-ZHENG Unknown Date (has links)
本論文共一冊,約七萬字,分為六章十六節。 本論文係以負指數模型(Negative Exponential)為主,同時配合線型與雙對數共三種 迴歸模型,分析一九七六至一九八四年台北市的人口與地價,在時間系列下其空間分 佈與變遷的情形。為一種都市空間結構的實證研究。 本論文的主要發現如左: 1.台北市的實證結果顯示,負指數模型的效度是三種迴歸模型中最優良的。 2.台北市的人口密度或地價,隨著至市中心距離的增加,均呈現負指數下降的分佈 型態。人口市效化呈現快速而且加速的情形。地價空間平均化的速度比國外同級都市 為快。密度的坡度(Gradient)比地價為陡。 3.人口密度與地價隨距離呈現負指數下降的型態,應是源於資本替代土地所致。其 影響程度是密度大而地價小。 4.台北市市中心的人口密度與地價,不論理論值或實際值,均未呈現持續下降的情 形,推翻了前人的主張。 5.台北市人口密度與地價的關係,是透過距離為中介變項而存在正相關;排除距離 變項後,二者的淨相關只在新市區成立。 6.台北市人口密度的變量與地價的變量,在同一時段成低度正相關;不同時段成中 度正相關。 7.台北市的實證結果顯示,負指數模型的中心值與坡度值並無相關;其影響因素主 要為人口、所得及交通。 本論文針對迅速的人口市郊化與地價空間平均化,所引發的都市交通擁塞惡化、居住 環境品質低落及郊區土地投機等負面效果,提出具體的政策建議-- 1.都市交通問題:(1)實行都市更新;(2)發展環狀道路系統;(3)改善大 眾運輸系統;(4)加速信義副都心之開發。 2.居住環境問題:(1)公共設施的差別配置方式;(2)土地使用分區管制的檢 討與施行。 3.郊區投機問題:(1)明確訂定各地區的可發展程度;(2)施行照價收買,整 體規劃興建辦法。 本論文的主要價值如下: 1.理論方面:一般認為負指數模型只是實證的觀察,欠缺理論的基礎,本研究綜整 前人理論並加以評述,確定負指數模型的理論基礎。再者,本研究同時分析比較密度 與地價,填補了一個學術上的空白。此外,研究結果與前人研究比較,使台北市的實 證結果更具客觀性與通則意義。 2.實證方面:本研究同時採用三種迴歸型態進行實證,證實負指數模型的效度最佳 。此外,研究方法上本研究以術廓為分析單元,取代一般研究所用較方便卻較無價值 的行政區分析單元。 3.應用方面:本研究將研究結果,進一步討論其政策含義,並提出具體的建議,做 為市政決策的參考。

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