京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第24032号 / 情博第788号 / 新制||情||134(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科知能情報学専攻 / (主査)教授 岡部 寿男, 教授 森 信介, 教授 吉川 正俊 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 乙第13629号 / 論地環博第19号 / 新制||地環||54(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 柴田 昌三, 教授 西川 完途, 准教授 深町 加津枝 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第25384号 / 人博第1126号 / 新制||人||262(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生文明学専攻 / (主査)教授 山村 亜希, 教授 小島 泰雄, 教授 中嶋 節子, 教授 米家 泰作 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

在蓋曼（Neil Gaiman）第一部小說《無有鄉》（Neverwhere, 1997）裡，透過對地下倫敦的想像，挖掘蟄伏於城市之中的邪惡、混亂與時空的交錯。主人翁理查（Richard）地下倫敦之旅顛覆他對城市既有的認識，城市不是如表面所見的井然有序、善惡分明，而是過去與現在的混雜和交織，惡勢力隨時匍匐其中。本文擬以空間議題為經、城市居民主體為緯，探討蓋曼筆下的倫敦呈現何種後現代都市空間、城市空間和主體間的互動，以及游牧主體如何在他者空間中生成。 論文第二章主要藉助索雅（Edward W. Soja）第三空間（thirdspace）的概念，闡釋小說裡後現代倫敦空間。首先爬梳瑞本（Jonathan Raban）、列斐伏爾（Henri Lefebvre）, 和索雅三人對於後現代地理學的觀念，而後側重於索雅提出的第三空間。《無有鄉》裡，城市遠比理查所認為的還要複雜、失序，他漫遊於地上倫敦和地下倫敦之間，其所見景象呈現倫敦浮世繪，解構真實倫敦和想像倫敦間的界線，而此正體現索雅所謂的第三空間。 第三章以班雅明（Walter Benjamin）對漫遊者（flâneur）的討論為出發點，闡釋《無有鄉》裡漫遊者／偵探和城市空間的互動。身兼漫遊者和偵探的理查，由於處在混雜猶如迷宮的倫敦市景中，所以喪失經典漫遊者對城市全景的掌控。雖然《無有鄉》在情節的過程裡呈現後現代氛圍，企圖解構二元對立，但惡勢力最終的剷除，暗示地下倫敦又將回歸秩序，於焉似又陷入善惡二元對立的局面，但另一方面，女性在回歸秩序的過程裡，扮演舉足輕重的地位，女性的參與展現對空間父權化的抵制，而此也打破性別空間的二分法。 第四章著重討論小說的結局。筆者援引德勒茲（Gilles Deleuze）和瓜達里（Félix Guattari）游牧學（nomadology）的概念，闡釋主人翁主體的變異。在他者倫敦空間裡，主人翁和他者接觸而歷經生成他者（becoming-other），並開啟其逃逸路線（lines of flight），所以在回到原本的世界後，他又欲重返地下倫敦，擺盪於兩個世界，不囿於其中一方。 在《無有鄉》裡，兩個倫敦空間並非截然劃分，卻是相互滲透交織。想像的地下倫敦是一個暗喻，代表被城市邊緣化、他者化而忽略的空間，透過主人翁的漫遊，展現倫敦市景的多重面貌。 / Neil Gaiman’s first novel Neverwhere (1996) depicts an imaginary London Below which exposes the urban evil, chaos, and juxtaposition of diverse spaces. After his journey to London Below, the protagonist Richard changes his view of the city. That is, London is not of orderliness as it appears, but of the present interwoven with the past; it lacks a clear distinction between good and evil, and contains evil power embedded underneath. This thesis employs a spatial perspective as a thread to explore postmodern spatiality embodied in Gaiman’s London cityscape, the interaction between urban space and the subject, and the formation of nomadic subjectivity in the spaces of the other. In Chapter Two, I resort to Edward W. Soja’s conception of Thirdspace to deal with postmodern London spatiality in Neverwhere. I first introduce three spatial critics’ notion of postmodern geographies, including Jonathan Raban, Henri Lefebvre, and Soja whose Thirdspace serves as the main spatial framework of the thesis. Neverwhere delineates the urban landscape which is far more complex and disorderly than Richard assumes. He strolls between London Above and London Below, and his view of these two worlds which deconstructs the line between the real and the imagined presents Thirdspace in Soja’s term. Chapter Three utilizes Benjamin’s discussion of the flâneur as a starting point to deal with the interaction between the flâneur/detective and urban spatiality. As a flâneur/detective, Richard encounters labyrinthine cityscape, so he loses a classical flâneur’s/detective’s panoramic view of the city. Although Neverwhere as it progresses smacks greatly of postmodern aura by deconstructing dualisms, the collapse of evil power near the end of the novel suggests the retrieved order, so the novel seems to regress into dualisms. Simultaneously, in the process of regaining order, females play an important role, for females’ participation presents their resistance to patriarchal space and also subverts a gendered spatial dichotomy. Chapter Four focuses on the discussion of the ending of the novel. I apply Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s conception of nomadology to the protagonist’s nomadic subjectivity. I argue that the other London spatiality triggers the protagonist’s becoming-other via the contagion of the other and initiates his lines of flight. Because of this, after returning to his previous world, the protagonist seeks to leave for London Below. He keeps vacillating between the two worlds, for he refuses to be bound by either of them. In Neverwhere, the multifarious facets of London cartography are outlined through the protagonist’s strolling. The imagined London Below is a metaphor which represents marginalized, otherized and overlooked urban spatiality. The line between London Above and London Below is not completely clear-cut, but interwoven with each other.

網路購物是近幾年來新興的消費方式，它的快速、能動性、去地方╱地域性、無時間限制，讓購物活動變得輕鬆、便利。但也有另一派學者認為，當人人宣稱自己因為網路購物而能輕鬆、方便地找到想要的商品時，似乎也使得「shopping」變成一件平淡、毫無成就感可言、欠缺人味的活動，它不再是與工作分開的某一特殊事件，而是任何時候、隨時都可以發生的事。因此筆者試圖從另一角度出發，跳脫其「經濟」層面，提出「網路購物帶給我們什麼新的消費體驗？」這樣的疑問。 筆者認為，若將其詮釋為一種新的消費現象，甚至是創造出一種新消費文化，或許可更為深入地探究消費者在其中可能獲得的新的消費體驗與其意義。而從過往的研究可發現，消費者的「消費體驗」與「消費空間」有極密切的關係，因此本論文將從消費空間出發，意圖定義網路購物所形塑出的一種新式消費空間，藉此探討其可能帶來的新消費體驗。筆者從1822年在巴黎新興的一種消費空間──拱廊街談起，再到百貨公司、購物中心這類新式消費空間之間的轉變，從「漫遊者」的社會角色切入，試圖勾勒出不同消費空間所賦予消費漫遊者與商品及與人群間的不同關係的轉變脈絡，並與網路科技特性結合討論，以「消費者VS.商品」與「消費者VS.人群」兩個主軸，透過對網路消費者的深度訪談，探討現今網路消費空間中消費者所獲得的新消費體驗。 本研究發現，在新興網路消費空間中，商品照片改變了消費者與商品的關係，雖然網路消費漫遊者與傳統漫遊者一般，與商品的關係仍舊保持既涉入且抽離，但兩者的模式並不相同：網路消費漫遊者一方面因為照片裡的商品是由模特兒所穿戴，感覺與商品的距離較親近，較容易想像，但另一方面也因必須考慮再現物與真實的差距，讓網路消費漫遊者不只是對璀璨的商品展示感到目眩神迷，反而得以從成堆的商品符號中抽身，保持一些距離，做出理性的判斷。 不僅如此，網路既連結又隔離的特性，讓這群網路消費漫遊者得以快速地找到歸屬的部落，並在安心的居家空間中積極地社交、與人互動，卻也讓她們得以更快速地保持距離、回歸自我，尋找下一個離散的部落。這便是網路空間所提供的私人性與社交性的微妙比例，因而發展出新的網路購物體驗：網路消費漫遊者仍舊與人群保持既涉入又抽離的「陌生人」距離，唯一不同的是，她們的涉入包含了一些分享的成分。

台灣已於1993年邁入高齡化社會，因社會結構及傳統觀念的改變，高齡者逐漸重視自己退休後的個人生活，而選擇獨自或與配偶一起入住專為高齡者規劃設計之老人住宅的比例也逐年攀升；為有效促進高齡者從事對身心有益的休閒及社交活動，老人住宅應該配合提供安全、適當的日常活動公共空間及設施來支持。因此，老人住宅的公共空間規劃與設計就顯得相當重要。究竟老人住宅之公共空間是否可以真正滿足高齡者的使用需求？是否可促使高齡者積極使用？正是目前規劃、興建或改善老人住宅的重要課題之一，亦為本研究所欲探討之主要動機。 本研究運用資料調查、實地觀察、深入訪談及問卷調查等多元調查與評估方法，並選擇擁有多樣室內、室外之公共設施及共用空間的「長庚養生文化村」作為研究案例，分別針對「公共服務設施」、「室內休閒設施」、「戶外活動空間」及「共用服務空間」等4類公共空間進行使用及規劃等議題之探討，即藉由老人住宅用後評估，深入探討高齡者對於所居住的老人住宅現有公共空間規劃的滿意程度，探究高齡者對於老人住宅公共空間規劃設計之真實反應與感受；並依據評估分析成果，提出老人住宅公共空間之規劃原則建議，以供未來興建高齡者安居住宅之公共空間規劃參考。本研究結果及建議如下： 一、高齡者對公共空間需求滿意度以戶外森林步道及健康中心最高，以健康為主軸的休閒性設施仍為未來規劃重點。 二、老人住宅公共空間滿意度與「教育程度」、「身體狀況」、「子女探訪情形」等三項因素有關。 三、目前老人住宅公共空間議題，關心度低，容易被忽視及犧牲。 四、老人住宅公共空間規劃設計之主要議題包括： （一）餐廳為入住老人住宅之高齡者社交活動的重要空間，也是假日與探訪家人聚餐的重要場所，而餐廳的寬敞、舒適程度，及社交機會之提供，是高齡者關心的議題之一。 （二）設置報紙的交誼廳使用率較高，而設有書報的交誼廳，其照明及管理等議題必須加強考慮。 （三）中央式的走廊，因為通風及採光較不佳，降低了高齡者的社交機會。 （四）活動量大的活動休閒空間（如籃球場、桌球室等）僅能供探訪家人使用，效用不大，未符合高齡者需求。 五、規劃適合每一位高齡者的居住空間，建議朝向「通用設計原則」來進行規劃設計。 六、老人住宅基本生活之公共空間（如交誼室、洗衣室等），應配合生活單元作可及性高的簇群式配置，以增加高齡者使用機會；至於提供全部高齡者共同使用之休閒空間（如學習教室、娛樂室、會議室等），建議集中配置，以方便管理。 / Taiwanese society has become an aging society since 1993. Due to changes in societal structure and traditional concepts, phenomenon such as aging people started to emphasize more on their personal life after retirement and increasing ratio of aging population, either single or with domestic partner, move into specially designed retirement apartment have brought up to attention. In order to effectively encourage aging resident to exercise beneficial recreation and socialization activities, safe and proper common activity areas in retirement apartments are necessary and thus, the design and planning of the common recreation areas has become an essential issue. Questions regarding whether the retirement apartments will fully satisfy the needs of their aging resident and whether the aging residents actively utilizing those facilities are two of the most essential regards for planning, building, and improving retirement apartments; this is also the motivation for conducting this research. Our research focuses four main issues regarding as utilization and planning of public area such as “public service facility”, “in-door recreation facility”, “out-door activity space”, and “shared service space” in Chang Gung Health and Culture Village which possesses varieties of in-door and out-door public facilities and public areas; the research itself is conducted by data investigation, on-site observation, detailed interview, and paper-based survey to insightfully investigate the degree of satisfaction of aging residents toward existing planning of shared area and real feeling and reaction toward existing planning of public area. Suggestions for planning of shared areas, as results from analysis of conducted surveys, are provided for the reference of future planning of shared areas in aging resident village. The suggestions are as followed: 1.Out-door forest trails and healthcare centers are the two types of facilities that are listed among the highest degree of satisfaction by aging people. Health-oriented recreation facilities are still regarded as the most essential element in future planning of retirement apartment construction. 2.The degree of satisfaction in retirement apartment is directly associated to three factors which include “degree of education received”, “physical condition of the aging person”, and “the frequency of family visits.” 3.The current issues for public area in retirement apartments are low degree of attention and easily neglected or sacrificed. 4.Issues regarding the planning of public areas in retirement apartments includes: A.Cafeteria is one of the most important socializing space for aging residents in retirement apartment and an important space for family visits. Degree of comfortableness and spaciousness of cafeteria and whether the cafeteria offers socializing opportunities to aging residents are the two main concerns of aging residents. B.Utilization degrees in lobbies that provide newspaper are higher than lobbies that do not provide newspaper. The lighting and management of such lobbies are needed to be emphasized. C.Socialization opportunities decrease due to the facts that lighting and aeration in central hallway are not quite satisfactory. D.Recreation areas that involve physical activities such as basketball and table tennis are only for family members that visit the aging resident and are not satisfactory to the demand of aging residents. 5.Plan the resident area for each aging resident by utilizing principles of universal design is suggested. 6.The public space of retirement apartment for daily live, such as social room or laundering room, shall be disposed fitting Cluster of Living Style for accessibility to increase the using of the elderly; As for the common space of leisure for all elderly, Such as learning room, recreation room, conference room, it is suggested be allocated together for the convenience of management.

雷蒙‧錢德勒為冷硬派偵探小說的開山始祖之一，其文學地位卻不限於通俗小說大家。 其簡潔有力的文學筆觸及對於現代美國社會的深刻批判，讓他名列當代美國代表作家之列。 在錢德勒的筆觸下，洛杉磯城被深切刻畫成重要性不亞於偵探的重要主角。 故此，我在本論文將探討錢德勒對於洛杉磯身為美國現代大城的空間呈現，試圖找出其再現對於美國城市文學與偵探小說的積極影響。 在第二至第四章的本文中，第二章處理私家偵探與其出沒的洛杉磯之間的關係。 我發現漫遊者的概念也可被應用在冷硬派私家偵探的明查暗訪，這兩者在顯示現代城市的現代性方面，都是代表性的謀介。 透過漫遊者偵探的私家之眼，真實與想像的洛杉磯同時歷歷在目，而勒婓伏爾與索雅的空間理論為理解錢德勒筆下洛杉磯真實與想像的城市空間再現的一大利器。 故此，第三章運用索雅的第三空間概念來探討錢德勒的空間再現，發現其筆下墮落之城的種種暗黑角落，都是第三空間的再現，因為它們都顯現一種被宰制的空間呈現，別同於洛杉磯被大力推銷為夢想之城的想像空間。 第四章處理另一個被忽視但重要的第三空間。 藉由私家偵探親身探索洛杉磯城中不同族群的空間，我發現這些空間也是另一種第三空間的呈現，因為這些空間亦屬於被宰制壓迫的空間，而錢德勒對於洛杉磯城的空間再現並未遺忘這些他者族群被壓迫的空間，故此更能證明錢德勒不愧為刻畫現代化美國社會的文學大師。 / Raymond Chandler is a prestigious detective-story writer and the founding father of the hard-boiled detective fiction school, but he is not limited to this sub-genre of the crime fiction. His laconic style and the socially critical depiction of Los Angeles elevates him as a great writer in literature, high-brow and low-brow. Los Angeles city in his depiction becomes another protagonist of Chandler’s Philip Marlowe stories. In this thesis, I attempt to adopt a spatial reading of the Los Angeles city he depicts, so as to explore the meanings of the real and imagined spaces and their possibilities of resistance for future interpretations. Besides the first chapter as the introduction and the last chapter as the conclusion, in Chapter Two, I will first compare the private detective to the flâneur, thereby discovering the contribution of these figures to the discovery and representation of modernity in modern cities. Furthermore, I will utilize Lefebvre’s and Soja’s trialectics of spatiality to examine the real and imagined spaces in Chandler’s novels. By doing so, in Chapter Three I argue that Chandler’s vivid spatial representations of Los Angeles, especially the dark side of the city, are actually the real-and-imagined Thirdspace that represents the dominated spaces against the promotion of Los Angeles as a dream city. In Chapter Four, though Chandler’s spaces convincingly reflect the modernity of Los Angeles as a modern city, I further discover another possible site for the space of representation in his stories: the space of the racial Other. This discovery of another Thirdspace proves Chandler isn’t as much a racist as alleged, and it is the counter-space that provides the possibility of resistance for many future hard-boiled detective fiction writers of different ethnicities, and this can explain why Chandler’s hard-boiled detective has been massively appropriated.

本研究以美國早期的都市社會學與社會心理學的理論，瞭解都市化對都市生活影響的一些表徵，包括大量的人口、差異化的個體、高人口密度，以及有別於鄉村的都市生活面貌，例如冷淡、拘謹、膚淺、利益導向、理性的社會情境等。由於台灣快速都市化讓社會整體進步與發達，但都市的意象不免讓人感到冷漠、疏離與隔離，此是否誠如過去西方的都市社會研究結果一般，源於都市空間會影響都市人的心理與外顯的生活方式，此引發本研究進一步探究之動機。有鑑於過去以都市空間規劃為研究主軸之文獻，顯少有學者直接將「生活方式」與「都市空間」兩大議題做關聯性的探討，而台灣早期60、70年代的都市社會學者，曾以社區凝聚、社區發展、社區意識或是鄰里關係進行討論，但時至今日此類的研究亦顯得零星且分散。因此，本研究關懷都市空間與都市人的議題，以西方文獻中的實證經驗來觀察台灣都市社會的情況，並予以驗證假設一：都市人的空間使用行為會因不同社經背景而有差異；假設二：移入都市生活的居民其自身價值觀將會有所改變；假設三：價值觀的改變會對生活方式與使用都市空間的行為產生影響；假設四：都市人的生活方式會對空間使用產生影響，並與空間課題的產生有所關聯；假設五：都市空間與生活方式有所關聯。 因此，本研究在文獻回顧與推演台灣都市社會的情境後，抽樣台北市大安及士林兩區的居民，瞭解遷移者在價值觀、生活方式與空間使用的情況，並以敘述性統計分析與結構方程模式(SEM)歸納問卷結果，回應研究假設，並驗證都市空間與生活方式之關聯。最後，參照實證結果研擬重塑都市空間新風貌之目標與對策體系，做為提昇都市空間品質的建議；而此建議亦可供政府與規劃單位及後續研究者在政策操作上與研究時之參考。最後，獲致以下幾點結論： 一、本研究認為遷移者進入都市生活後，其價值觀可能被改變或是強化的面向，包括自我防衛、個人主義、經濟報酬、理性、容忍五大價值觀。而生活達一定時間後，生活方式將會受到都市環境的影響，以致呈現較互不干涉(疏離)、社區意識缺乏、務實生活(精確計算)，以及重娛樂休閒的傾向。 二、本研究提出都市空間諸多課題，例如社區空間意識衰頹、公共空間私有化、人行空間被遺忘、消費空間主導地方空間的興衰、人工空間取代生態空間，以及空間的過度與不當利用，可能與都市人被強化或改變後的價值觀與生活方式息息相關。而經由敘述性統計分析及SEM的分析，已驗證本研究所提出之五大假設。 三、本研究認為都市空間是自變數亦是應變數。因此，經由實質與非實質規劃策略之研擬，將可重塑都市空間的面貌，並經由影響生活方式來發掘與提高都市社會互動和社會資本的發展，從而再次影響都市人使用空間的行為與態度。本研究研擬實質空間規劃策略，分成三大目標、三項標的與六大對策--提供適當合宜的公共空間、營造巷弄的春天、提高都市空間水平流動性、形塑友善人行空間的元素、增加非機動車的通行空間、經營都市的精耕主義。同時亦認為，都市人的生活方式亦應搭配做一調整(此屬非實質的規劃策略)，例如建立具有社區鄰里道德規範與共識之生活方式、提高民眾參與度之生活方式、推廣植栽與綠化生活方式，或是推展永續的旅行行為，亦即步行生活方式。 / Based on theories of urban sociology and social psychology, this study explores the effects of urbanization on the urban life, including large population, heterogeneous, and high density. The differences of life style features between country and urban areas are discussed, such as indifferent, reserved, superficial, self-interest, and intellectuality and so on. With the rapid urbanization in Taiwan, society has been entirely improving and developing. However, the image of urban area makes people feel indifferent and segregation. Whether this result is the same as which of the studies found in western society brings me to conduct this study. According to literature review, there lacks scholars directly putting “lifestyle” and “urban space” into a relative discussion. The urban sociologists in 60s and 70s in Taiwan had discussed about community coherence, development, consciousness or neighborhood relationship, while to now this kind of research becomes fragmentary. Hence, this study concerns with issues between the urban space and urban residents. With the western literature review, this study observes the conditions of urban society in Taiwan and proposes the following hypotheses. First of all, the behavior of urban residents who utilize the space will be different due to the social economic status. Second, the self-value will be changed after the residents move to urban areas. Third, the change of value system will influence lifestyle and the utilization of urban space. Forth, the lifestyle of urban residents will affect the way of using urban space. Fifth, there is a connection between urban space and lifestyle. This study conducts a survey in Daan and Shilin districts to explore the value system, lifestyle, and the way of using urban space of immigrants. It employs statistic analysis and SEM to generalize the result of questionnaires in order to verify the above hypotheses and the connection between urban space and lifestyle. Then, based on the outcome of verification, this study suggests several strategies for reshaping the image and functions of urban space. Consequently, this study provides conclusions as follows. 一、The value system of immigrants, such as self-protection, egoism, economic reward, rationality, and toleration will be changed or intensified after people move into urban areas. The lifestyle, however, will be influenced by urban environment after a certain time of living in urban areas. And the characteristics of lifestyle include the sense of aloofness, the lack of community consciousness, material life, and the tendency of focusing on entertainment. 二、According to the SEM analysis, this study has verified the five hypotheses. This study also infers that the degenerative consciousness of community, the personalization for public space, the pedestrian space into oblivion, the wax and wane of regional space led by consumption space, artificial space replacing ecologic space, and the overuse and misuse of space are all relevant to the change of value system and lifestyle of urban residents. 三、This study develops several strategies for reshaping the image of urban space which may further influence urban residents’ lifestyle, attitude, and behaviors toward space utilization and urban environment. In order to create a livable urban space, this study suggests relevant strategies, such as providing decent public space, improving the accessibility of urban space, ameliorating friendly pedestrian space, increasing the walking space, and embellishing urban space through new urbanism.

Show Girl 以「身體」作為展演工具與追求認同的利器，她們是臺灣資訊展展場文化的核心要角，亦是展場空間環境中的靈魂人物，其在資展空間環境中，身體是自我規訓、象徵符號與權力展現的場域，而非父權凝視下的被動客體。本文以 Show Girl 身處資訊展中的形象再現與自我認知為核心，將Paul Du Gay 等人提出的文化迴路概念作為研究架構，以探討 Show Girl 透過文化過程的接合概念，梳理出女性身體作為一個主體之自我養成、身體生產、形象塑造，與展場空間環境之互動所包含消費意義、自我認同和規範衝突。並以民族誌研究方式加入論述分析的資料，深入剖析 Show Girl 的勞動經驗與心路歷程；研究結果希望立體呈現 Show Girl 行業的主體多元性，並體現 Show Girl 是一個經濟體且也兼具社會文化意涵之身分，驗證文化的循環是以複雜的方式不斷互相重疊，並通過她們的生產與再現實踐，建立文化意義。 / “Show Girl” has become a widely accepted cultural phenomenon in most Taiwan IT exhibitions. While too many arguments about them are selling perfect body figures with sex appeals to attract audience and media, many young girls still join this business. The study applies the concept of the “circuit of culture” brought up by Paul du Gay（1997） as the research framework. By using field observation and discourse analysis, the purpose of this paper is to discover how show girls look upon their bodies, how they build up of self-consciousness through their impression management tactics and figure out how they interact with exhibition stakeholders（exhibitors, brokers, and consumers, media）. According to the research findings, show girls do not view themselves merely as sexy objects. They empower themselves with their bodies and winning sense of dominance during show time. By using the tactics they interact with stakeholders to build their self-confidence. They also change the consumptio tterns in tradeshow. By examining the five elements in the circuit of culture —representation, identification, production, consumption, riegulation—this study proves that show girls play an important role in IT exhibirtion with their beauty economy.

公共空間應該是什麼？公共空間裡的衝突該如何解決？本研究藉由中正紀念堂與街舞之經驗，歸納公共空間理論上爭論不休的問題。如何讓活動在公共空間中自由的發生？作為公共空間的中正紀念堂，代表特殊之文化意涵，與街頭舞蹈的表現的另類價值，因為硬體因素與交通區位而聚集在一起。但更重要的是街舞者如何利用生活，建構真實空間壓抑下的對立基地—第三空間，實踐公共空間真正的公共性，最終達成好的城市與好的公共空間之願景。 最後結果可以歸納為三點：第一、弱勢者在公共空間中其實一直被視而不見，因此公共空間裡需要的是真正屬於弱勢者的第三空間，否則沒有市民實踐的公共空間，沒有意義；第二、解決公共空間中的矛盾，必須回歸社會文化研究，發覺第三空間中，人、活動與次文化關係中隱含的契機—非正式體制；第三、規劃者必須有非正式體制的認知，在第三空間的社會文化與體制網絡內貢獻專業。 / What is public space? How to solve conflicts in public space? This paper has been summarized all issues of public space theory by the experience of C.K.S.'s memorial hall and street dance. How to let activities happen naturally? Public space which like C.K.S.’s memorial hall presents special cultural meaning, and combines with alternative value of street dance by material equipment and location. But more important is that how B. Boys “live” their “thirdspace” to counter pressure of real space, realize true publicity of public space, reach the goal of good city public space eventually. We can get three points in the end of this paper: first, there has be some thirdspace in public space because disadvantaged people have not been seen for so long, or public space is meaningless without people realized. Second, incase to solve conflicts in public space, we must return to social-cultural research to discover informal system, relationships between people, activities, and subculture in thirdspace. Third, planners have to realize the informal systems so to contribute their profession abilities within social-culture and network systems in thirdspace.