新創企業在創業之初，往往資源不足、訂單未到、客戶關係未建立好、技術及產品未成熟、管理尚未到位，市場不確定等不利因素。所以不管從台灣或大陸的環境來看新創企業，創業之初的三到五年是新創企業最為艱困且風險最高的時段。 因此本研究主要在探討，材料表面處理技術的創業規劃及經營，新創企業如何在創業醞釀階段，就做好創業活動規劃；在草創存活階段，做好存活策略推動，使企業得以存活；在經營維持階段，如何推進經營利潤，並讓企業持續發展下去。使新創企業處於不同階段下，能有效分析、規劃及做好該階段的行動任務，而讓新創企業渡過各個階段的考驗，為本論文的研究目的。 研究結果顯示，在創業醞釀階段，要有創業活動的形成，需要在創業活動前做好分析及規劃。除要有創業的「環境價值機會」出現外，要有能提供顧客價值之「價格」、「品質」、「速度」、「需求滿足」誘因，及具備「技術、產品或服務」、「人或團隊」、「資金」、「客戶關係」等創業關鍵組成。 在草創存活階段，企業需推動存活策略三構面，使企業能順利存活下來，其中與其構面變項有利的連接方向，證明朝向：產品/服務經營模式「訂定得當」、控制資源/開銷「消耗少」、創造利益體/網絡「連結多」，將最有利於新創企業存活的方向。此外，新創企業在草創階段，如所從事的產品或服務之營銷活動，所在的區域、客戶、及市場，在創業之初有很高的不確定性，選擇性或階段性的「集中」（Focus）策略才是正確的戰略。但如從存活策略三構面上做分析，所得到的結果皆為不利的情況，而資源又已先行投入情況下，如擬存活下來，對該項目最好的經營策略就是採取「退縮」（Withdrawal）策略。 而在新創企業在剛經歷草創存活階段後，為能持續性存活下來，需有「經營利潤推進」產生，才得以能維持經營。本論文從經營利潤推進的角度，提出經營維持的四構面做法，包括在創業經營風險構面及成本構面的降低活動；價值構面及收入構面的提升活動。做為在經營維持階段，主要的經營指標。因此，具體落實經營利潤推進的四構面，企業才得以有「利潤」的產生，也唯有利潤的產生，新創企業才得以有機會永續。 關鍵字：新創企業、創業規劃、存活策略、利潤推進、表面處理 創業管理 / A start-up at the beginning often encounters the following challengers: resources are insufficient; the order has not been big enough; customer's relation has not been set up well; the technology and the product is immature; the management has not been put in place yet; the market is uncertain, and so on. No matter the new company is operating in Taiwan or the mainland china, it will face high risk, particularly in the period of 3rd to 5th year after its establishment. Therefore, this research aims to study the entrepreneurial plans and managements for the material surface treatment technology, including how to make a business activity plan well in the entrepreneurial fermentation stage? how to do a better survival strategy promotion in the starting survival stage? and how to become profitable in the management arrangement stage. The purpose to let the new enterprise pass each stage sufferings by effectively analyzing, planning and completing action tasks under the different periods. The findings showed that the company needs to complete the analysis and the plan prior to the activity of entrepreneurship in the entrepreneurial fermentation stage. Besides providing with the opportunities for value added, the start-up needs to provide with “the customer value”, such as “price”, “quality”, “speed”, and “the satisfied demand” to provide, and to possess “the entrepreneurial key element” including “the technology, the product or the service”, “the human or the team”, “the fund”, and “the customer relations”. In the starting survival stage, the enterprise could implement the three key actions of survival strategy to survive smoothly. It is proven that a better survival orientation for a newly created enterprise is to have an appropriate position in product/service or business model, to utilize fewer resources/expenses, and to link with a wider network. In addition, the right strategy for a newly created enterprise in the starting survival stage is the selective or gradual focus strategy, if the marketing activities of product/service have the very high uncertainty at the beginning of the undertaking in the region or the market. The analysis from three key elements of survival strategy obtains result all for disadvantageous situation, but resources already in advance investment situation. The best management strategy is adapted to the strategy of withdrawal. A newly creation enterprise has gone through the starting survival stage, the advancement of operating profit should be produced to last for long enduring survival. The present paper proposed four key elements of management maintenance as a main management target from the advancement's angle of operating profit, which including to reduces the operational risk and cost elements and to increase the operational value and income elements. Therefore, the new enterprise could carry out the four key elements of operating profit advancement to get “the profit”, which would let enterprise have the opportunity to last forever. Keywords：Newly Created Enterprise, Entrepreneurial Plan, Survival Strategy, Profit Advancement, Surface Treatment, Entrepreneurial Management,

本論文主要探討愉悅的嗅覺刺激對產品評價與資訊處理的影響。透過兩個子研究分別瞭解產品嗅覺刺激與情境嗅覺刺激各自的影響，以推敲可能性模型做為貫穿全文的主要理論模型，並從多元角色觀點與享樂權宜觀點建構整合模型。產品嗅覺刺激指與產品本身直接有關的氣味，過去在此議題上的研究缺口有二，分別為未考量區辨氣味與產品搭配適合性所需具備之動機，以及不同產品類型之調節效果，例如，氣味對於家用清潔品及保養品的診斷性及攸關性皆較高，但對於筆記型電腦、手機、手錶或隨身碟等產品之診斷價值較低。情境嗅覺刺激指存在於情境中但與被評估之標的產品無關的氣味，過去缺乏探討情境嗅覺刺激影響資訊處理模式之相關研究，但此議題無論對學術或實務都相當重要，因為許多研究人員皆不斷地想探索那些因素會影響人們的資訊處理模式。而且，行銷人員總是希望能藉由產品資訊說服消費者，尤其當不知名品牌的新產品問世時，更仰賴消費者對產品資訊的仔細處理而被說服，進而產生較佳評價。因此，若能進一步瞭解情境嗅覺刺激對資訊處理的影響，對行銷人員在氣味氛圍的營造與操作上，將可提供可參考的方向。 本論文透過兩個子研究並採用實驗法，分別瞭解產品嗅覺刺激與情境嗅覺刺激的影響。研究一又可分為兩個主題，主題一採3 (產品嗅覺刺激：無vs.適合性vs.不適合) * 2 (嗅覺刺激診斷性：高vs.低) *2 (涉入程度：高vs.低)之12組受測者間實驗設計。主題二為情境嗅覺刺激之前導研究，採3 (情境嗅覺刺激：無vs.適合性vs.不適合)之3組受測者間實驗設計。研究二採2 (情境嗅覺刺激的提供：有vs.無) * 2 (廣告訴求：享樂vs.功利) *2 (產品論點品質：強vs.弱)之8組受測者間實驗設計。 關於產品嗅覺刺激有三點重要發現，分別為：(1) 對低資訊處理涉入者來說，無論嗅覺刺激是否具診斷性，氣味愉悅性都是主要的影響因素，此時，產品嗅覺刺激乃為情感性角色，因任務結果對低資訊處理涉入者並不攸關且不感興趣，在這種情況下，其易採取週邊說服路徑，視產品嗅覺刺激為週邊線索，只要氣味具愉悅性，雖適合性不高，仍可提升產品評價。(2) 對高資訊處理涉入者來說，嗅覺刺激具診斷性時，產品嗅覺刺激主要扮演認知性角色，因任務結果對高涉入者為攸關且感興趣，在此情況下，其易採取中央說服路徑，視該氣味為攸關判斷的產品論點，所以會仔細推敲該嗅覺刺激與產品的關係，以決定搭配適合性，對於適合的嗅覺刺激評價會比不適合的佳，此時，嗅覺刺激適合性就類似於強弱產品論點的角色。(3) 當嗅覺刺激不具診斷性時，其認知性角色就會消失，此時，高資訊處理涉入者仍然採取中央說服路徑，但氣味已被視為與判斷無關的週邊線索，所以高涉入者並不會再仔細推敲該嗅覺刺激與產品的關係，適合與否也就不會產生差異，甚至高涉入者還會啟動修正機制，排除氣味愉悅性的影響。 在情境嗅覺刺激部份亦有四點重要發現，分別為：(1) 當愉悅的情境嗅覺刺激存在時，會有助於增加知覺者的正向心情，進而增加消費者對情境標的產品之資訊處理程度並促進其採取中央資訊處理路徑，對於強勢論點品質之產品評價會優於弱勢論點。(2) 愉悅的情境嗅覺刺激也會改變消費者對不同產品資訊類型的偏重，即在資訊處理或編碼階段會對享樂資訊特別關注，因此，在事後對於享樂資訊的提取比率較高，上述效果在享樂廣告訴求下更為明顯。(3) 有愉悅的情境嗅覺刺激存在時，會讓消費者對享樂訴求廣告之產品評價優於功利訴求。(4) 本研究進一步建構情境嗅覺刺激影響產品評價之多元關係，結果發現當產品類型較偏功利性時，則情境嗅覺刺激會先經由引發好心情再增加資訊處理程度，最後才影響產品評價，其中正向心情與資訊處理程度在模式中都是部份中介的角色，當產品類型較偏享樂性時，則情境嗅覺刺激影響產品評價就完全經由心情機制。 / This study adopts a multiple-role view from the elaboration likelihood model (ELM) and hedonic contingency model to explore the influences of product scents and ambient scents. The product scents are scents that consumers smell directly from products. In the literature on product scents, there are no research studies considering the moderate role of product types and the motivation to recognize scents appropriately. Ambient scents are scents smelled that are unconnected to products. In the literature on ambient scents, there are no research studies considering how ambient scents can influence information processes. However, many scholars want to explore the factors that can influence information processes. Furthermore, a new product launch by an unknown brand can convince consumers depending on consumers’ careful processing of product information. Thus, this issue is very important to academic study and practice. This study adopts two experiments that realize the effects of product scents and ambient scents separately. Study One can be divided into two parts. Part A adopts a 3 (product scents: none, fit, unfit) * 2 (involvement: high vs. low) * 2 (diagnostic of scents: high vs. low) between-subjects design. Part B is a pilot study of ambient scents that adopts a between-subjects design with 3 factors (ambient scents: none, fit, unfit). The Study Two adopts a 2 (ambient scents: yes vs. no) * 2 (advertisement appeal: hedonic vs. utilitarian) * 2 (argument quality: strong vs. weak) between-subjects design. The results of Study One have three points: (1) for consumers with low involvement in tasks, whether scents are diagnostic for products or not, pleasant scents have significant effects. Because people who are involved in tasks at a low level and are not concerned or interested in outcomes, they are almost persuaded by peripheral routes and regard product scents as peripheral cues. Even though the scents do not fit with the products, they still can cause positive product evaluation depending on the nature of the pleasure. For people with low involvement in tasks, product scents mainly play an emotional role. (2) For people who are highly involved in tasks and really concerned or interested in outcomes, they are almost persuaded by central routes and regard product scents as arguments, especially when scents are diagnostic for products. For them, product scents not only play an emotional role but also a cognitive role. They will evaluate the similarities or differences between products and scents. A scent that fits with a product will cause a more positive product evaluation than a scent that does not fit a product. (3) For consumers who are highly involved in tasks, as scents are not diagnostic for products, the cognitive role will disappear. The scents are regarded irrelevant to product evaluation, so consumers do not evaluate the similarities or differences between products and scents. Whether a scent fits a product or does not is unimportant for them; furthermore, they will correct for and eliminate the effects of pleasant scents in product evaluation. The results of Study Two have four points: (1) when pleasant ambient scents can be provided by marketers, they can cause a positive mood among perceivers and enhance the level of information processing toward the focal product within the context. Furthermore, pleasant ambient scents can encourage consumers to adopt central routes to process information. People will evaluate products with strong argument quality more positively than products with weak argument quality. (2) Pleasant ambient scents also draw people’s attention toward different information types. People will attend more to hedonic product information, especially with hedonic advertisement appeal. (3) A pleasant ambient scent that matches a hedonic advertisement appeal can cause a more positive product evaluation than a pleasant ambient scent that matches a utilitarian advertisement appeal. (4) For a utilitarian product type, the effects of pleasant ambient scents on product evaluation will cause a positive mood and enhance the level of information processing. Mood and cognition play a partial mediation role. For a hedonic product type, the effect of pleasant ambient scents on product evaluation is fully mediated by a positive mood.

背景: 生醫文獻語意角色標註（Semantic Role Labeling, SRL）是一種自然語言處理的技術，其可用來將描述生物過程的語句以predicate-argument structures ( PASs ) 表示。SRL 經常受限於arguments的unbalance problem而且需要花費許多的時間和記憶體空間在學習 arguments 之間的相依性。 方法: 我們提出一Markov Logic Network ( MLN ) -based SRL之系統，且此系統使用自動化生成之SRL 模板同時辨識constituents與候選之語意角色。 結果及結論: 我們的方法在BioProp語料上來評估。實驗結果顯示我們的方法勝過目前最先進的系統。此外，使用SRL模板後，在時間及記憶體之花費上亦大幅的減少，而且我們自動化生成之模板亦能幫助建立這些模板。我們認為本論文提出之方法可以透過增加新的SRL模板例如：由生物學家手動寫的模板，而得到進一步的提升，而且本方法也為於需要處理大量SRL 語料時，提供一種可能的解法。 / Background: Biomedical semantic role labeling ( SRL ) is a natural language processing technique that expresses the sentences that describe biological processes as predicate-argument structures ( PASs ) . SRL usually suffers from the unbalanced problem of arguments and consuming time and memory on learning the dependencies between the arguments. Method: We constructed a Markov Logic Network ( MLN ) -based SRL system, and the system uses SRL patterns, which utilizes automatically generated approaches, to simultaneously recognize the constituents and candidates of semantic roles. Results and conclusions: Our method is evaluated on the BioProp corpus. The experimental result shows that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art system. Furthermore, after applying SRL patterns, the costs of the time and memory are greatly reduced, and our automatically generated patterns are helpful in the development of these patterns. We consider that our method can be further improved by adding new SRL patterns such as biological experts manually written patterns and it also provide a possible solution to process large SRL corpus.

近年隨著經濟發展，金融商品之設計日新月異，逐漸打破以往銀行、保險、証劵等行業之區分，金融業者對於其服務逐漸朝向一元化發展。而為因應金融產業之變革，金融監理似乎亦有朝向一元化之趨勢，因此相關監理層面之整合即為客不容緩之要事。 惟我國於金融消費者保護法通過施行前，對於金融消費爭議之各種處理機制尚未統之，因此有管道多元而使消費者無所適從，社會資源浪費、處理程序過長以及品質無法監管等種種問題。而此一問題，於2008年雷曼兄弟倒閉，引發國內多數投資人之損失，並於尋求救濟時產生許多爭議，使前開缺失一一浮上檯面。 本文介紹歐盟替代性紛爭解決機制(ADR)之發展，包含調解人與公評人之相關準則與原則。以及歐盟專門處理金融消費爭議之平台(FIN-NET)之運作方式，並統整FIN-NET各個會員間之制度，觀察其制度內容及差異，進行歸納統整。再以歐盟主要國家，德國、英國與法國之金融消費爭議處理機制為主，對於各國之其制度加以介紹，並進行制度面之比較分析。並藉此評析金融消費者保護法之爭議處理機構。 最後本文認為，我國之爭議處理機構制度上已相當完整，除將各個產業整合由單一爭議處理機構處理外，亦已改善過去部分機構欠缺法律基礎而無資料調閱權限，以及無法中斷時效等之缺失。如同歐盟之多數國家，消費者均無需付費值得肯定，惟若制度運作後濫訴及客訴黃牛之情況嚴重，可仿效歐盟各國向消費者收取部分費用，並給予金融機構每年前三個案件無需收費之優惠。另外，評議有關一定金額拘束力之設計方式，與英國之制度仍有不同，將可能導致評議機制欠缺實效。再者要求消費者親自陳述意見與親自參加調處，雖違反代表原則，然既係在避免有客訴黃牛之情況故尚可容許。且違反資料調閱權之效果倘能有實體法上之效果或許更能幫助紛爭之解決。而能增加當事人對爭議處理機制之損害賠償請求權，惟於違反金保法之人員有故意或重大過失時爭議處理機構對之有內部求償權。最後，仍欠缺就爭議處理品質面之監督機制，亦仍有改善之空間。

我國金融消保法於2011年制定，是以保護金融消費者權益，公平、合理、有效處理金融消費爭議事件，以增進金融消費者對市場之信心，並促進金融市場之健全發展為目標。同樣的，因金融消保法將散落在各金融法規的廣告、業務招攬、營業促銷活動、說明義務、適合度評估統合規定，並創立一元化的金融消費爭議處理機制，帶給金融市場相當大的影響。 我國銀行保險業務，近年來快速發展，於適用金融消保法時，會給銀行保險業務帶來什麼影響？本文主要是藉由銀行保險業者履行廣告、業務招攬、營業促銷活動、說明義務、適合度評估之義務時，比較銀行保險業務原先所適用的法規範，以及適用金融消保法後產生的差異，探討對銀行保險業者的影響。然而，然而，因為銀行保險架構採取保險人或銀行保經代為經營主體的二方合約和三方合約經營模式，導致了銀行通路的責任問題，而且於銀行保險發生爭議，要保人使用金融消費爭議處理機制並選擇申訴對象時，會將這個問題展現得更加明顯。 金融消保法確立了廣告招攬促銷擔保責任、說明義務、適合度評估是金融服務業者應履行的法定義務，運用於銀行保險業務，不論在保護要保人方面，或是在維持銀行保險業務安定性的方面都帶來正面的影響。然而，因為金融消保法的要求更加完備和全面，所以銀行保險業者履行這些義務時，會對其業務、財務造成負擔，進而影響其營運，這是必須正視的現象。再者，銀行保險爭議發生時，要保人無法以銀行為申訴對象向其求償，使銀行有權責不一致之情形。因此，金融消保法作為提供給各金融服務業者和金融消費者適用的整合性法律，若採取傳統的分業經營規範方式，將會產生許多適用上的問題。 所以，本文除解析金融消保法對銀行保險業務的影響層面外，還探討金融消保法規定分業經營所產生的問題，並得出結論認為金融消保法跨業經營規範之制定將會使銀行權責得以相符，也會讓金融消保法更能符合實務的需求。

客戶關係管理（Customer Relationship Management, CRM）藉由各種資訊技術來留住客戶，以產生更多的商業價值。然而，許多文獻指出，CRM系統的失敗率很高，尤其是CRM主要的核心能力--銷售員自動化（Sales Force Automation, SFA）。研究指出改善的方式包含更好的管理支援、培訓、系統易用性和強烈的使用動機等等。接續此建議，本文提出了一個銷售員支援（Sales Force Support, SFS）系統，藉由線上分析處理（Online Analytical Processing, OLAP）、資料採礦（Data Mining, DM）和雲端服務（Cloud Service）等技術，協助彙整及提供支援銷售員的客戶推薦 (Customer Recommendation)和自我績效評估(Self Evaluation)功能，以刺激更好的銷售能力、滿足客戶與管理。可望提高系統的易用性和業務人員的使用動機，藉以橋接銷售員和管理人員之間的差異。為了評估推薦功能之適用性，本論文也發展一套驗證指標，並採用一套隨機數學模型（Stochastic Mathematical Model），作為強化推薦預測之嘗試。 / Customer Relationship Management (CRM) adopts various information technologies to retain and attain customers in order to generate more business values. However, the earlier studies indicate the failure rate for CRM systems is high and it’s even higher for Sales Force Automation (SFA), a major core in CRM. They usually suggest the enhancement in better management support, more training, user friendliness, and usage motivation, and so on. Following the suggestions, this research proposes a Sales Force Support (SFS) system to integrate technologies like OLAP (Online Analytical Processing), Data Mining (DM), and cloud service, etc. to provide supporting information in customer recommendation and self-evaluation, in order to better stimulate sales and satisfy customer and management. The objectives can be achieved by enhancing the user friendliness and usage motivation, and bridging the differences between sales force and management. To evaluate the fitness of recommendation function, a set of validation measures is also developed. In addition, a stochastic mathematical model is also attempted to enhance the recommendation prediction.

本研究提出了一個類神經網路機制，可以及時有效的預測利差交易(carry trade)的收益。為了實現及時性，我們將通過Tensorflow和圖形處理單元(GPU)來實作這個機制。此外，類神經網路機制需要處理具有概念飄移和異常值的時間序列數據。而我們將透過設計的實驗來驗證這個機制的及時性與有效性。 在實驗過程中，我們發現在演算法設置不同的參數將影響類神經網路的性能。本研究將討論不同參數下所產生的不同結果。實驗結果表明，我們所提出的類神經網路機制可以預測出利差交易的收益的動向。希望這個研究將對機器學習和金融領域皆有所貢獻。 / This research derives an artificial neural networks (ANN) mechanism for timely and effectively predicting the return of carry trade. To achieve the timeliness, the ANN mechanism is implemented via the infrastructure of TensorFlow and graphic processing unit (GPU). Furthermore, the ANN mechanism needs to cope with the time series data that may have concept-drifting phenomenon and outliers. An experiment is also designed to verify the timeliness and effectiveness of the proposed mechanism. During the experiment, we find that different parameters we set in the algorithm will affect the performance of the neural network. And this research will discuss the different results in different parameters. Our experiment result represents that the proposed ANN mechanism can predict movement of the returns of carry trade well. Hope this research would contribute for both machine learning and finance field.

本研究要探討的是在新聞、論壇和社群媒體討論的相關訊息是否真的會影響匯率的運動的假設。對於這樣的研究目標，我們建立了一個實驗，首先以文字探勘技術應用在新聞、論壇與社群媒體來產生與匯率相關的數值表示。接著，機器學習技術應用於學習得到的數值表示和匯率波動之間的關係。最後，我們證明透過檢驗所獲得的關係的有效性的假設。在此研究中，我們提出一種兩階段的神經網路來學習與預測每日美金兌台幣匯率的走勢。不同於其他專注於新聞或者社群媒體的研究，我們將他們進行整合，並將論壇的討論納為輸入資料。不同的資料組合產生出多種觀點，而三個資料來源的不同組合可能會以不同的方式影響預測準確率。透過該方法，初步實驗的結果顯示此方法優於隨機漫步模型。 / This study wants to explore the hypothesis that the relevant information in the news, the posts in forums and discussions on the social media can really affect the daily movement of exchange rates. For such study objective, we set up an experiment, where the text mining technique is first applied to the news, the forum and the social media to generate numerical representations regarding the textual information relevant with the exchange rate. Then the machine learning technique is applied to learn the relationship between the derived numerical representations and the movement of exchange rates. At the end, we justify the hypothesis through examining the effectiveness of the obtained relationship. In this paper, we propose a hybrid neural networks to learn and forecast the daily movements of USD/TWD exchange rates. Different from other studies, which focus on news or social media, we integrate them and add the discussion of forum as input data. Different data combinations yield many views while different combination of three data sources might affect the forecasting accuracy rate in different ways. As a result of this method, the experiment result was better than random walk model.

在高工時的社會下，工作對於生活的比重愈來愈高，工作意義感對個人的重要性也與日俱增，因此，如何提升員工的工作意義感便成為了企業組織需面對的課題。過往探討工作意義感的研究顯示，除了工作特徵外，人際互動亦會對工作意義感有所影響，其中又以領導行為對於部屬工作意義感的型塑具有關鍵的重要地位。然而，對於領導行為的影響歷程，目前卻較少有量化的實徵研究出現，尤其是作為普遍於華人文化中的領導風格，家長式領導如何影響部屬的工作意義感，對華人企業主管在管理上更是格外重要。有鑑於此，本研究立基於社會訊息處理理論，探究家長式領導對於部屬工作意義感的影響，並探討工作目的與正向自我的中介效果。透過兩階段問卷施測，共收集190份有效問卷。研究結果發現仁慈領導能顯著預測工作意義感，而正向自我與工作目的在其中的中介作用則獲得部分支持。最後針對研究結果進行討論，說明理論貢獻、管理意涵、研究限制及未來研究方向。 / In modern society, employees are working longer hours than ever before. Therefore, finding meaning of work is important to employee today, and how to contribute to the perceived meaningfulness of work become a critical issue for every enterprise to face. This research model based on social information processing theory offers a theoretical approach for examining the causal effects of paternalistic leadership, a prevalent leadership style in Chinese business organizations, and the mediating role of work purpose and positive self-perceptions on subordinate meaningfulness of work. Using data form Taiwanese firms including 190 employees, results from structured equation modeling techniques supported partly our hypothesized model. Overall, this study supports and adds to the range of positive self-perceptions effects associated with paternalistic leadership and are suggestive of interventions that organizations can make to improve work meaningfulness of workers. Implications for the theory and practice of leadership are discussed.

視覺辨識是極其快速而且正確的，逐步揭露作業可展示此一閃而過的動態視覺辨識歷程，本研究目的即在以此作業探討主角與地點在動態視覺辨識過程中相互影響的內涵。實驗一旨在建立主角與地點的視覺辨識基準線，結果發現主角比起地點只需累積較低空間頻率訊息即可完成正確辨識，得到物體優勢效果。實驗二旨在驗證物體與背景之間在視覺處理上的非獨立關係，透過操弄單獨呈現與同時呈現兩種視覺呈現方式，以主角辨識作業與地點辨識作業加以驗證。結果顯示對地點辨識作業而言，同時呈現情況比起單獨呈現情況只需累積較低空間頻率訊息即可完成正確辨識；對主角辨識作業而言，單獨呈現情況與同時呈現情況並無不同。除此之外，在單獨呈現情況下，仍獲得物體優勢效果。但在同時呈現情況下，物體優勢效果並不復見，反而是地點辨識優於主角辨識。實驗二結果支持物體與背景之間在視覺處理上為非獨立關係。實驗三進一步從「一致性效果」在促進層面以及抑制層面上的作用情況，探討物體與背景之間在視覺處理上相互影響的內涵。實驗三a結果顯示，在主角辨識作業中所得到的「一致性效果」，源於地點訊息對主角辨識在抑制層面的作用而來。實驗三b結果顯示，在地點辨識作業中所得到「一致性效果」，則源於主角訊息對地點辨識在促進層面與抑制層面的作用而來。實驗四進一步以同時呈報的作業方式，讓參與者對整張場景進行辨識，對於視覺系統所知覺到的主角內容與地點內容都需加以呈報，藉此再次驗證主角與地點處理的相互影響。其結果顯示在主角內容與地點內容呈報時，皆獲得「一致性效果」。除此之外，在一致情況與不一情況下皆獲得物體優勢效果。本研究以動態視覺處理模型中物體與背景平行處理且密切交換訊息之觀點解釋所得結果，並提出注意力分佈在此動態視覺處理歷程扮演重要角色。 / Visual recognition is a fast and accurate process. The present study adopted a progressive revelation task, which mimics the visual dynamics appropriately, to investigate the interaction of character and surroundings in the dynamic visual processing. Experiment 1 aimed to establish visual recognition curves for character and surroundings separately as baselines. The results showed that less amount of cumulated perceptual evidence was required for character than surroundings, so that it showed the object advantage effect. In Experiment 2, the non-independent relationship between the object- and background-related visual processes was verified. The performance of isolation condition with the character and surroundings presented in isolation was compared to the concurrent condition with the two presented concurrently. The results of the surroundings recognition task showed that less amount of cumulated perceptual evidence was required for concurrent condition than isolation condition. In contrast, for the character recognition task, there was no difference between these two conditions. These results supported the non-independent relationship between object- and background-related processes. Object advantage effect was replicated in the isolation condition but not in the concurrent condition, which meant that surroundings required less amount of perceptual evidence than character for visual recognition instead. In Experiment 3, interaction between object- and background-related processes was investigated by consistency effect from both the aspects of facilitation and inhibition effects. Results of Experiment 3a showed that consistency effect was only contributed by inhibition effect in the character recognition task. Results of Experiment 3b showed that both the facilitation and inhibition effects contributed to the consistency effect in the surroundings recognition task. In Experiment 4, participants were asked to report both the contents of character and surroundings. The results showed that consistency effects occurred in both of the content reports. And also the object advantage effect appeared in both of the consistent and inconsistent conditions. Overall, the results of the present study implied that object- and background-related visual processes operate in parallel while interchange information intimately at each level of the visual processing stages. The results also suggest that deployment of attention resource played an important role in the dynamic visual process.